Abstract
Long-range, low-frequency directional measurements of acoustic backscattering from the seafloor were made in the Tyrrhenian Sea using explosive sound sources. The signals were received by a horizontal towed array of hydrophones and were processed by a beamforming procedure to obtain the directional distribution of the scattered field as a function of time. These data are used to form images of scatterers and to estimate the backscattering strength of specific physiographic features. From the data obtained the scattering strengths were estimated to range from -25 dB to -35 dB and did not exhibit strong dependence on frequency.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
K.V. Mackenzie, Bottom reverberation for 530- and 1030 cps sound in deep water, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 33: 1498–1503 (1961).
R.J. Urick and D. S. Saling, Backscattering of explosive sound from the deep sea-bed, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34: 1721–1724 (1962).
P.B. Schmidt, Mbnostatic and bistatic backscattering measurements from the deep ocean, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 50: 326–331 (1971).
H.M. Merklinger, Bottom reverberation measured with explosive charges fired deep in the ocean, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 44: 508–513 (1968).
R.R. Goodman, Comment on two papers concerning reverberation from the ocean floor, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 37: 174 (1965).
J.M. Berkson, C.S. Clay, and T.K. Kan, Mapping the underside of Arctic sea ice by backscattered sound, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 53: 778–781 (1973).
R.C. Spindel and J.R. Heirtzler, Long-range echo ranging, J. Geoph. Res. 77: 7073–7088 (1972).
D.E. Schifter, E.R. Franchi, J.M. Griffin, and B.B. Adams, Hydrographic reconnaissance of large undersea topography using scattered acoustic energy, Rec. IEEE Electronics and Aerospace Systems Conventions 270–274 (1980).
J.M. Berkson, T. Akal, and J.L. Berrou, Techniques for measuring backscattering from the seafloor with an array, In: Adaptive Methods in Underwater Acoustics, H. Urban, ed., Reidel, Dordrecht, (1985).
I. Dyer, A.B. Baggeroer, J.D. Zittel, and R.J. Williams, Acoustic backscattering from the basin and margins of the Arctic Ocean, J. Geoph. Res. 87: 9477–9488 (1982).
J.M. Berkson, H.J. Kloosterman, T. Akal, and J.L. Berrou, Application of beamforming techniques to measurements of acoustic scattering from the ocean bottom, IEEE J. Oceanic Engineering, in press (1985).
J.M. Berkson, H.J. Kloosterman, T. Akal, and J.L. Berrou, Aspects of spatial resolution for long-range, low-frequency imaging of the seafloor, In: “Acoustic Imaging, Vol. 14,” A.J. Berkhout, J. Ridder, and L. VanderWal, eds., in press, (1985).
J.R. Williams, Fast beamforming algorithm, J. Acoustic. Soc. Am. 44: 1454–1455 (1968).
A.V. Bunchuk and Y.Y. Zhitkovskii, Sound scattering by the ocean bottom in shallow-water regions (review), Sov. Phys. Acoustic 26: 363–370 (1980).
C.M. McKinney and C.D. Anderson, Measurements of backscattering of sound from the ocean bottom, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 36: 158–163 (1964).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Berkson, J.M., Akal, T., Kloosterman, H.J., Berrou, J.L. (1986). Directional Measurements of Low-Frequency Acoustic Backscattering from the Seafloor. In: Akal, T., Berkson, J.M. (eds) Ocean Seismo-Acoustics. NATO Conference Series, vol 16. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2201-6_32
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2201-6_32
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9293-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2201-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive