Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
SpringerLink
Log in

Some Preparations and Properties of Porphyrins

  • Chapter
Methods in Porphyrin Photosensitization

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 193))

Abstract

Porphyrins and the related tetrapyrrolic macrocyclic compounds, chlorins, bacteriochlorins and corrins are prosthetic groups of a large number of biological molecules which serve diversified roles in nature. These macrocycles, coordinated to a central metal ion, perform functions such as oxygen transport and storage (hemoglobin and myoglobin), electron and energy transfer (cytochromes and chlorophylls) and biocatalysis (coenzyme B12 cytochrome P-450). The metal-free (“free-base”) porphyrins on the other hand are generally present in organisms as precursors of metalloporphyrins and are accumulated and/or excreted in certain physiological disorders such as porphyrias (1). The selective biodistribution of free-base porphyrins was reported by Policard (2) as early as 1924, based on the observed orange-red fluorescence from neoplastic tissue. The preferential localization of certain parenterally administered porphyrins in tumor cells, coupled with the property of intense fluorescence, have since been used for convenient detection of such tissue in situ. In addition, the ability of porphyrins to act as photosensitizers, especially in the production of highly reactive singlet oxygen which in turn exerts cytotoxic action, has been used extensively in the novel treatment of malignant tissue, a technique referred to as photoradiation therapy (PRT).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. T.K. With, Int. J. Biochem.. 11 189 (1980).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. A. Policard, C.r. Seanc. Soc. Biol.. 91 1423 (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  3. R.L. Lipson, E. Blades and A. Olsen, J. Natl. Cancer Inst.. 26 1 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. T.J. Dougherty, J.E. Kaufman, A. Goldfarb, K.R. Weishaupt, D.G. Boyle and A. Mittelman, Cancer Res.. 38 2628 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Moan and T. Christensen, Tumor Res.. 15 1 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. T.J. Dougherty, J. Surg. Oncol.. 15 209 (1980).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. D. Kessel, Photochem. Photobiol.. 39 851 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. T.J. Dougherty, Cancer Res.. 42 1188 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature, Nomenclature of Tetrapyrroles, Pure and AppI. Chem.. 51 2251 (1979); Eur. J. Biochem.. 108 1 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. P. Karlson, Hoppe-Sevler’s Z. Physiol. Chem.. Bd. 362, S V II (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  11. M. Gouterman, J. Chem. Phys.. 30 1139 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. C.A. Hanzlik, W.H. Knox, T.M. Nordlund, R. Hilf and S.L. Gibson in “Porphyrin Localization and Treatment of Tumors” (D.R. Doiron and C.J. Gomer, eds.) Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1984, p. 201.

    Google Scholar 

  13. D. Mauzerall, J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 82 2601 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. J.E. Falk, “Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins”, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  15. S. Granick, L. Bogorad and H. Jaffe, J. Biol. Chem.. 202 801 (1953).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. M. Sono and T. Asakura, Biochemistry. 13 4386 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. M.T. Cox, T.T. Howarth, A.H. Jackson, G.W. Kenner, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans I.. 1974, 512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. K.M. Smith in “Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins” (K.M. Smith, ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1975, p 23.

    Google Scholar 

  19. M. Gouterman in “The Porphyrins” (D. Dolphin, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 1978, Vol III, p 1.

    Google Scholar 

  20. A.E. Profio and J. Sarnaik in “Porphyrin Localization and Treatment of Tumors”, (D.R. Doiron and C.J. Gomer, eds.), Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1984, p. 163.

    Google Scholar 

  21. M.W. Berns, M. Wilson, P. Rentzepis, R. Burns and A. Wile, Lasers Surg. Med.. 2 261 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. A.J.M. van der Putten and M.J.C. van Gemert in “Proceedings of Laser’81 Opto-Electronik”, München, West Germany (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  23. A. Pasqua, A. Poletti and S.M. Murgia, Med. Biol. Environ.. 10 287 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. A. Andreoni and R. Cubeddu in “Porphyrins in Tumor Phototherapy” (A. Andreoni and R. Cubeddu, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, 1984, p. 11.

    Google Scholar 

  25. P.G. Seybold and M. Gouterman, J. Mol. Spectrosc.. 31 1 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. F.P. Zscheile and D.G. Harris, J. Phys. Chem.. 47 623 (1943).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. R. Livingston, W.F. Watson and J. McArdle, J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 71 1542 (1949).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. J. Fernandez and R.S. Becker, J. Chem. Phys.. 31 467 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. a) R.S. Becker and J. Allison, J. Phys. Chem.. 67 2662 (1963). b) R.S. Becker and J. Allison, ibid., 67 2669 (1963). c) J. Allison and R.S. Becker, ibid., 67 2675 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  30. D.R. Doiron, L.S. Svaasand, A.E. Profio in “Porphyrin Photosensitization” (D. Kessel and T.J. Dougherty, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, 1983, p. 63.

    Google Scholar 

  31. D.R. Doiron in “Porphyrin Localization and Treatment of Tumors” (D.R Doiron and C.J. Gomer, eds.), Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1984, p. 41.

    Google Scholar 

  32. D. Kessel and C.J. Dutton, Photochem. Photobiol.. 40 403 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. E. Reddi, G. Jori and M.A. J. Rodgers, Studia BioPhys.. 94 13 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. J. Moan, Photochem. Photobiol.. 39 445 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. S. Cannistraro, G. Jori, A. van der Vorst, Photobiochem. PhotobioPhys.. 3 353 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. G. Jori, E. Reddi, L. Tomio and F. Calzavara in “Porphyrin Photosensitization” (D. Kessel and T.J. Dougherty, eds.), Plenum Press, New York 1983 p. 193.

    Google Scholar 

  37. L.I. Grossweiner, A.S. Patel and J.B. Grossweiner, Photochem. Photobiol.. 36 159 (1982).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. L. Grossweiner in “Porphyrin Localization and Treatment of Tumors”(D.R. Doiron and C.J. Gomer, eds.), Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1984, p. 391.

    Google Scholar 

  39. T.J. Dougherty, CRC Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 2 83 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. C.J. Gomer, D.R. Doiron, S. Dunn, N. Rucker, N. Nazum and S. Fountain, Photochem. Photobiol.. 37S S91 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  41. H.H. Inhoffen, K. Bliesener and H. Brockmann, Tetrahedron Lett.. 1966, 3779.

    Google Scholar 

  42. H.H. Inhoffen, H. Brockmann and K.M. Bliesener, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem.. 730 173 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. G.S. Cox and D.G. Whitten, J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 104 516 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. A.P. Schaap and K.A. Zaklika in “Singlet Oxygen” (H.H. Wasserman and R.W. Murray, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1979, p. 173.

    Google Scholar 

  45. G.S. Cox, C. Bobillier and D.G. Whitten, Photochem. Photobiol.. 36 401 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. D. Mauzerall and S. Granick, J. Biol. Chem.. 232 1141 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. J.B. Paine and D. Dolphin, unpublished results.

    Google Scholar 

  48. D. Mauzerall, J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 82 1832 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. D. Mauzerall, J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 84 2437 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. T.J. Dougherty, D.G. Boyle, K.R. Weishaupt, B.A. Henderson, W.R. Potter, D.A. Bellnier and K.E. Wityk in “Porphyrin Sensitization” (D Kessel and T.J. Dougherty, eds. ), Plenum Press, 1983, p 3.

    Google Scholar 

  51. R.J. Abraham, F. Eivazi, H. Pearson and K.M. Smith, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun.. 1976, 698, 699.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. J.J. Katz, L.L. Shipman, T.U. Cotton and T.R. Janson in “The Porphyrins”(D. Dolphin, ed.) Academic Press, New York, 1978, Vol V, p. 401.

    Google Scholar 

  53. J. Hiom, J.B. Paine III, U. Zapf and D. Dolphin, Canad. J. Chem.. 61 2220 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. J. P. Collman, C.S. Bencosme, C.E. Barnes and B.D. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 105 2704 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. T.R. Janson and J.J. Katz in “The Porphyrins” (D. Dolphin, ed.) Academic Press, New York, 1979, Vol. IV p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  56. W.S. Caughey, H. Eberspaecher, W.H. Fuchsman, S. McCoy and J.D. Alben, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sei.. 153 722 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. T.R. Janson and J.J. Katz, J. Magn. Reson.. 6 209 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. W.A. Gallagher and W.B. Elliot, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sei.. 206 463 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. R.F. Pasternack, P.R. Huber, P. Boyd, G. Eugasser, L. Francesconi, E. Gibbs, P. Fasella, G.C. Venturo and L. de C. Hinds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 94 4511 (1972).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. W.I. White and R.A. Plane, Bioinorg. Chem.. 4 21 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. W.I. White in “The Porphyrins” (D. Dolphin, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 1978, Vol. V, p. 303.

    Google Scholar 

  62. D. Mauzerall, Biochemistry. 4, 1801 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. E. Reddi, E. Rossi and G. Jori, Med. Biol. Environ.. 9 337 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. S.B. Brown, M. Shillcock and P. Jones, Biochem. J.. 153 279 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. D. Kessel and E. Rossi, Photochem. Photobiol.. 35 37 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. J. Moan and S. Sommer, Photobiochem. PhotobioPhys.. 3 93 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. J. Moan, S. Sandberg, T. Christensen and S. Elander in “Porphyrin Photosensitization” (D. Kessel and T.J. Dougherty, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, 1983, p. 165.

    Google Scholar 

  68. A. Poletti, S.M. Murgia, A. Pasqua, E. Reddi and G. Jori, in “Porphyrins in Tumor Phototherapy”(A. Andreoni and R. Cubeddu, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, 1984, p. 37.

    Google Scholar 

  69. H. Hisazumi, N. Miyoshi, O. Ueki and K. Nakajima in “Porphyrin Localization and Treatment of Tumors” (D.R. Doiron and C.J. Gomer, eds.), Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1984, p. 443.

    Google Scholar 

  70. G.C. Goyal, A. Blum and L.I. Grossweiner, Cancer Res.. 43 5826 (1983).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. C. Emiliani and M. Delmelle, Photochem. Photobiol.. 37 487 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. D. Dolphin in J. Chrom. Library (E. Heftmann, ed.), Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1983 Vol. 22B p. B 403.

    Google Scholar 

  73. W.I. White, R.C. Bachmann and B.F. Burnham in “The Porphyrins” (D. Dolphin, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 1978, Vol I p. 553.

    Google Scholar 

  74. D.P. Schwartz and R.S. Bright, Anal. Biochem.. 61 271 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. R.E. Carlson and D. Dolphin in “High Pressure Liquid Chromatography in Clinical Chemistry”(P.F. Dixon, C.H. Gray, C.K. Lim and M.S. Stoll, eds.) Academic Press, London, 1976 p. 87.

    Google Scholar 

  76. J.-H. Fuhrhop and K.M. Smith in “Laboratory Methods in Porphyr in and Metalloporphyrin Research”, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  77. R.E. Carlson and D. Dolphin in “Porphyrins in Human Diseases”, (M. Doss, ed.), Karger, Bassel 1976 p. 465.

    Google Scholar 

  78. N. Evans, D.E. Games, A.H. Jackson and S.A. Matlin, J. Chrornatogr.. 115 325 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. C.H. Gray, C.K. Lim and D.C. Nicholson in “High Pressure Liquid Chromatography in Clinical Chemistry” (P.F. Dixon, C.H. Gray, C.K. Lim and M.S. Stoll, eds.), Academic Press, London 1976, p. 79.

    Google Scholar 

  80. R.E. Carlson, R. Sivasothy, D. Dolphin, M. Bernstein and A. Shavi, Anal. Biochem.. 140 360 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. A.R. Battersby, D.G. Buckley, G.L. Hodgson, R.E. Markwell and E. McDonald in “High Pressure Liquid Chromatography in Clinical Chemistry” (P.F. Dixon, C.H. Gray, C.K. Lim and M.S. Stoll, eds.), Academic Press, London, p. 63.

    Google Scholar 

  82. D.J. Wright, J.M. Rideout and C.K. Lim, Biochem. J.. 209 553 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. J.C. Bommer, B.F. Burnham, R.E. Carlson and D. Dolphin, Anal. Biochem., 95 444 (1979).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. A.H. Jackson, K.R. N. Rao and S.G. Smith, Blochem J.. 203 515 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. R. Bonnett, A.A. Charalambides, K. Jones, I.A. Magnus and R.J. Ridge, Biochem. J.. 173 693 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. I.M. Johansson, F.A. Niklasson, J. Chromatogr.. 275 51 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. P.S. Clezy, T.T. Hai, R.W. Henderson and L. van Thuc, Aust. J. Chem.,. 33 585 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. R.W. Henderson, G.S. Cristie, P.S. Clezy and J. Lineham, Br. J. Exp. Pathol.. 61 345 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. R. Bonnett, R.J. Ridge, P.A. Scourides and M.C. Berenbaum, J. Chem. Soc.. Perkin Trans. I. 1981, 3135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. R. Bonnett and M.C. Berenbaum in “Porphyrin Photosensitization”, (D. Kessel and T.J. Dougherty, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, 1983, p. 24 ).

    Google Scholar 

  91. M.C. Berenbaum, R. Bonnett and P.A. Scourides, Br. J. Cancer. 45 571 (1982).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. D. Kessel and T. Chou, Cancer Res.. 43 1994 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. T.J. Dougherty, W.R. Potter, K.R. Weishaupt in “Porphyrin Localization and Treatment of Tumors” (D.R. Doiron and C.J. Gomer, eds.), Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1984, p. 301.

    Google Scholar 

  94. A.G. Swincer, V.C. Trenerry and A.D. Ward in “Porphyrin Localization and Treatment of Tumors” (D.R. Doiron and C.J. Gomer, eds.), Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1984, p. 285.

    Google Scholar 

  95. R. Selensky, D. Holten, M.W. Windsor, J.B. Paine III, D. Dolphin, M. Gouterman and J.C. Thomas, Chem. Phys.. 60 33 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. A.D. Adler, F.R. Longo and W. Shergalis, J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 86 3145 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. A.D. Adler, F.R. Longo, J.D. Finarelli, J. Goldmacher, J. Assour and L. Korsakoff, J. Org. Chem.. 32 476 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. J. Winkelman, Cancer Res.. 22 589 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. J. Winkelman, G. Slater and J. Grossman, Cancer Res.. 27 2060 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. C.J. Carrano, M. Tsutsui and S. McConnel, Cancer Treat. Rep.. 61 1297 (1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. R.A. Thaller, D.M. Lyster and D. Dolphin in “Porphyrin Photosentization”(D. Kessel and T.J. Dougherty, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, 1983, p. 265.

    Google Scholar 

  102. J.P. Collman, R.R. Gagne, C.A. Reed, T.R. Haibert, G. Lang an W.T. Robinson, J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 97 1427 (1975).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. J. Almog, J.E. Baldwin, R.L. Dyer and M. Peters, J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 97 226 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. M. Momenteau, J. Mispelter, B. Looke and E. Bisagni, J. Chem. Soc.. Perkin Trans. I 1983, 189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. L.K. Gottwald and E.F. Ullman, Tetrahedron Lett.. 1969, 3071.

    Google Scholar 

  106. A. Triebs and N. Heberle, Justus Lieblos Ann. Chem.. 718 183 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. J.B. Paine III, W.B. Kirshner, D.W. Moskowitz and D. Dolphin, J. Org. Chem.. 41 3857 (1976).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. C.-B. Wang and C.K. Chang, Synthesis. (1979) 548.

    Google Scholar 

  109. J.B. Kim, A.D. Adler and F.R. Longo in “The Porphyrins” (D. Dolphin, ed.), Academic Press, New York 1978, Vol. I, p. 85.

    Google Scholar 

  110. 1J.B. Paine III in “The Porphyrins” (D. Dolphin, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 1978, Vol. I, p. 101.

    Google Scholar 

  111. a) G. P. Arsenault, E. Bullock, S.F. MacDonald, J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 82 4384 (1960). b) E.J. Tarlton, S.F. MacDonald and E. Baltazzi, ibid., 82 4389 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  112. K.M. Smith, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I. 1972, 1471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. J.B. Paine, C.K. Chang and D. Dolphin, Heterocvcles. 7 831 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. A.W. Johnson in “The Porphyrins” (D. Dolphin, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 1978, Vol. I, p. 235.

    Google Scholar 

  115. P.S. Clezy and L. van Thuc, Aust. J. Chem.. 37 2085 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. a) J.A.P. Baptista d’Almeida, G.W. Kenner, J. Rimmer and K.M. Smith, Tetrahedron. 32 1793 (1976). b) K.M. Smith and G.W. Craig, J. Org. Chem.. 48 4302 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  117. A.H. Jackson and K.M. Smith in “Total Synthesis of Natural Products” (J. ApSimon, ed.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1984, Vol, 6, p. 237.

    Google Scholar 

  118. R.K. Dinello and C.K. Chang in “The Porphyrins” (D. Dolphin, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 1978, Vol. I, p. 289.

    Google Scholar 

  119. W.S. Caughey, J.O. Alben, W.F. Fugimoto and J.L. York, J. Org. Chem., 31 2631 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. T. P. Wijesekera and D. Dolphin, unpublished results.

    Google Scholar 

  121. J.D. Doi, D.K. Lavallee, S.C. Srivastava, T. Prach, P. Richards and R.A. Fawwaz, Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot.. 32 877 (1981).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. C. Cloutour, D. Ducassou, J.-C. Pommier and L. Vuillemin, Int. J. Radiat. Isot.. 33 1311 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. R. Vaum, N.D. Heindel, H.D. Burns, J. Emrich and N. Foster, J. Pharm. Sei.. 71 1223 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. J.W. Buchler in “Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins” (K.M. Smith, ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1975, p. 157.

    Google Scholar 

  125. J.W. Buchler in “The Porphyrins” (D. Dolphin, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 1978, Vol. I, p. 389.

    Google Scholar 

  126. J.O. Alben, W.H. Fuchsman, C.A. Beaudreau and W.S. Caughey, Biochemistry. 7 624 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. P.J. Crook, A.H. Jackson and G.W. Kenner, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem.. 748 26 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. J.W. Buchler and L. Puppe, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem.. 740 142 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. J.-H. Fuhrhop and D. Mauzerall, J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 91 4174 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. M. Tsutsui, M. Ichakawa, F. Vohwinkel and K. Suzuki, J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 88 854 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. M. Tsutsui, C.P. Hrung, D. Ostfeld, T.S. Srivastava, D.L. Cullen and E.F. Meyer, Jr., J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 75 3952 (1975).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  132. J.W. Buchler, M. Folz, H. Habets, J. van Kaam and K. Rohbock, Chem. Ber.. 109 1477 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. J.W. Buchler, L. Puppe, K. Rohbock and H.H. Schneehage, Ann. N.Y.. Acad. Sei.. 206 116 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. A.D. Adler, F.R. Longo, F. Kampas and J. Kim, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.. 32 2443 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. M.J. Bain-Ackerman and D.K. Lavallee, Inorg. Chem.. 18 3358 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. D.K. Lavallee and D. Kuila, Inorg. Chem.. 23 3987 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. J.D. Doi, C. Compito-Magliozzo and D.K. Lavallee, Inorg. Chem.. 23 79 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. D. Kuila and D.K. Lavallee, Inorg. Chem.. 22 1095 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. D.K. Lavallee and D. Kuila, Rev. Port. Quirn.. 27 251 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  140. A.R. Battersby and E. McDonald in “Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins” (K.M. Smith, ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1975, p. 61.

    Google Scholar 

  141. R.B. Frydman, B. Frydman and A. Valasinas in “The Porphyrins” (D. Dolphin, ed.), Academic Press, New York 1979, Vol. VI, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  142. O.T. Jones in “The Porphyrins” (D. Dolphin, ed.), Academic Press, New York 1979, Vol. VI, p. 179.

    Google Scholar 

  143. A.R. Battersby and E. MacDonald in B12 (D. Dolphin, ed.), John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1982, Vol. 1, p. 107.

    Google Scholar 

  144. A.R. Battersby, C.J.R. Fookes, G. Hart, G.W.J. Matcham and P.S. Pandey, J. Chem. Soc.. Perkin Trans. I. 1983, 3041.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  145. A.R. Battersby, C.J.R. Fookes, K.E. Gustafson-Potter, G.W.J. Matcham and E. McDonald, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun.. 1979, 1155.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Y6, Canada

    Tilak P. Wijesekera & David Dolphin

Authors
  1. Tilak P. Wijesekera
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. David Dolphin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA

    David Kessel

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wijesekera, T.P., Dolphin, D. (1985). Some Preparations and Properties of Porphyrins. In: Kessel, D. (eds) Methods in Porphyrin Photosensitization. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 193. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2165-1_25

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2165-1_25

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9276-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2165-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation