Entropy and Temperature as Macroscopic Properties of Simple Thermodynamic Systems Independent of, but Measured by, Heat

Synopsis

Equilibrium thermodynamics is developed macroscopically with entropy and temperature introduced solely in terms of the effects of adiabatic and diathermic walls through the relations of adiabatic accessibility between states of a system and thermal equilibrium between the system and its environment. Heat, defined separately in terms of internal energy and quasistatic work, is then used to establish measures of entropy and temperature through laws equivalent to the second law of thermodynamics. The method aims to provide an intuitive understanding of entropy and temperature that is difficult to acquire through historical approaches.