Abstract
While platelets may at first appear to be very specialized fragments of cytoplasm, their cytoskeletons share many properties with that of more typical cells. We shall use the term cytoskeleton to mean the Triton-X 100 insoluble residue, obtained under defined conditions, which, when used on platelets attached to a surface, retains the shape of the cell. Most cells are in various states of activity. Since platelets circulate in a resting state, from which they are readily activated, they offer advantages for the study of factors that alter the state of the cytoskeleton. Also, since platelets lack intermediate filaments, properties of the cytoskeletal system that are observed in platelets cannot depend on the presence of the 10 nm filament system.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Begg, D.A. and Rebhun, L.I., 1979, pH regulates the polymerization of actin in the sea urchin egg cortex, J. Cell Biol., 83: 241–248.
Corps, A.N., Hesketh, T.R. and Metcalfe, J.C., 1982, Limitations on the use of phenothiazines and local anaesthetics as indicators of calmodulin function in intact cells, FEBS Lett., 138: 280–284.
De Hemptinne, A., Marrannes, R. and Vanheel, B., 1983, Influence of organic acids on intracellular pH, Am. J. Physiol., 245 (Cell Physiol. 14): C178–183.
Gonnella, P.A. and Nachmias, V.T., 1981, Platelet activation and microfilament bundling, J. Cell Biol., 89: 146–151.
Grinstein, S., Cohen, S. and Rothstein, A., 1984, Cytoplasmic pH regulation in thymic lymphocytes by an amiloride-sensitive Na+H+ antiport, J. Gen. Physiol., 83: 341–369.
Langer, B.G., Gonnella, P.A. and Nachmias, Y.T., 1984, Alpha-actinin and vinculin in normal and thrombasthenia platelets, Blood, 63: 606–614.
Leven, R.M., Gonnella, P.A., Reeber, M.J. and Nachmias, V.T., 1983, Platelet shape change and cytoskeletal assembly: effects of pH and monovalent cation ionophores, Thromb. Haemostas., 49: 230–234.
Leven, R.M., Mullikin, W. and Nachmias, V.T., 1983a, Role of sodium in ADP-and thrombin-induced megakaryocyte spreading, J. Cell Biol., 96: 1234–1240.
Lucas, R.C., Gallagher, M. and Stracher, A., 1976, Actin and actin-binding protein in platelets, in: Proceedings of the International Symposium on “Contractile Systems in-Muscle Tissues,” S.Y. Perry, A. Margreth and R.S. Adelstein, eds., pp. 133–139, Elsevier North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.
Lucas, R.C., Rosenberg, S. and Shafig, S., 1978, The isolation and characterization of a cytoskeleton and a contractile apparatus from human platelets, Protides Biol. Fluids, 26: 465–470.
Nachmias, V.T., 1980, Cytoskeleton of human platelets at rest and after spreading, J. Cell Biol., 86: 795–802.
Nachmias, V.T., Sullender, J. and Asch, A., 1977, Shape and cytoplasmic filaments in control and lidocaine-treated human platelets, B1ood, 50: 39–53.
Nachmias, V.T., Sullender, J. and Fallon, J.R., 1979, Effects of local anesthetics on human platelets: filopodial suppression and endogenous proteolysis, Blood, 53: 63–72.
Phillips, D.R. and Jakabova, M., 1972, Calcium dependent protease in human platelets, J. Biol. Chem. 252: 5602–5605.
Roos, A., 1975, Intracellular pH and distribution of weak acids across cell membranes. A study of D- and L-lactate and of DM0 in rat diaphragm, J. Physiol. ( London ), 249: 1–25.
Simons, ER., Schwartz D,B. and Norman, N.E., 1982, Stimulus response coupling in human platelets:thrombin-induced changes in pH, 1n: “Intracellular pH. Its Measurement, Regulation and Utilization in Cellular Functions,” R. Nuccitelli and D.W. Deamer, eds., pp. 463–482, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York (Kroc Foundation Series).
Tilney, L.G., Kiehart, D.P, Sardet, C. and Tilney, M., 1978, Polymerization of actin IV. Role of Ca++ and H+ in the assembly of actin and in membrane fusion in the acrosomal reaction of echinoderm sperm, J. Cell Biol., 77: 536–550.
Wang, L-L. and Bryan, J., 1981, Isolation of calcium-dependent platelet proteins that interact with actin, Cell, 15: 637–649.
White, J.C., 1972, Interaction of membrane systems in blood platelets, Am. J. Pathol, 66: 295–312.
Woda, B.A., Yguerabide, J. and Feldman, J.D., 1980, The effect of local anesthetics on the lateral mobility of lymphocyte membrane proteins, Exp. Cell Res., 126: 327–331.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nachmias, V.T., Leven, R.M. (1986). Effects of Local Anesthetics and pH Change on the Platelet “Cytoskeleton” and on Platelet Activation. In: Clarkson, T.W., Sager, P.R., Syversen, T.L.M. (eds) The Cytoskeleton. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2161-3_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2161-3_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9274-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2161-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive