Abstract
Electrical phenomena in artificial cells are described.The constituent material of the cells, referred to as proteinoid or as thermal protein, have been extensively studied in the context of the origin of life, which led to the finding of excitability as one of the biofunctions. The activities found in proteinoid cells are such as to make them useful models for modern excitable cells as well as for protocells. For example, the proteinoid cells display double membrane, asymmetric permeability, membrane potentials, action potentials, and photoactivity
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
K. Harada and S. W. Fox, “Characterizations of Functional Groups of Acidic Thermal Polymers of α-Amino Acids,” BioSystems 7, 222–229 (1975)
T. Nakashima, J. R. Jungck, S. W. Fox, E. Lederer, and B. C. Das, “A Test for Randomness in Peptides Isolated from a Thermal Polyamino Acid,” Int. J. Quant. Chem. Quant. Biol. Symp. 4, 65–72 (1977)
J.Hartmann, M. C. Brand, and K. Dose, “Formation of Specific Amino Acid Sequences During Thermal Polymerization of Amino Acids,” BioSystems 13, 141–147 (1981)
D. L. Rohlfing,Thermal Polyamino Acids:Synthesis at Less than 100°C,Science 19368–70(1976)
P. Neri, G. Antoni, F. Benvenuti, F. Cocola, and G. Gazzei, “Synthesis of Alpha, beta- poly [(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-DL-aspartamide], A New Plasma Expander,” J. Med. Chem. 16, 893–897 (1973)
K. Harada and S. W. Fox, in The Origins of Prebiological Systems ( S. W. Fox, ed.), Academic, New York (1965), pp. 289–298
A. Vegotsky, “Thermal Copolymers of Amino Acids,”Ph. D. dissertation, Florida State University (1961)
K. Dose and L. Zaki, “Hämoproteinoide mit Peroxidatischer und Katalatischer Activität,” Z. Naturforsch 26b 144–148 (1971)
S. W. Fox and T. Nakashima, “Fractionation and Characterization of an Amidated Thermal l:l:l-Proteinoid,”Biochim. Biophys. Acta 140, 155–167 (1967)
A. L. Lehninger, Biochemistry, 2nd ed., Worth and Co., New York (1975)
S. W. Fox, in The Origins of Prebiological Systems ( S. W. Fox, ed.), Academic, New York (1965), pp. 361–372
S. W. Fox, “A Theory of Macromolecular and Cellular Origins,” Nature 205, 328–340 (1965)
S. W. Fox and K. Dose, Molecular Evolution and the Origin of Life, rev. ed., Dekker, New York (1977)
S. W. Fox and S. Yuyama, “Effects of the Gram Stain on Microspheres from Thermal Polyamino Acids,” J. Bacteriol. 85, 279–283 (1963)
S. W. Fox, “The Evolutionary Significance of Phase-Separated Microsystems,” Origins Life 7, 49–68 (1976)
S. Brooke and S. W. Fox “Compartmentalization in Proteinoid in Microspheres,”BioSystems 9, 1–22(1977)
S. W. Fox, “The Origins of Behavior in Macromolecules and Protocells,”Comp. Biochem. Physiol 67B, 423–436 (1980)
S. W. Fox, “Metabolic Microspheres,” Naturwissenschaften 67, 378–383 (1980)
S. W. Fox and T. Nakashima, “The Assembly and Properties of Protobiological Structures: The Beginnings of Cellular Peptide Synthesis,” BioSystems 12, 155–166 (1980)
T. Nakashima and S. W. Fox, “Formation of Peptides from Amino Acids by Single or Multiple Additions of ATP to Suspensions of Nucleoproteinoid Microparticles,” BioSystems 14, 151–161 (1981)
S. W. Fox, “Origins of the Protein Synthesis Cycle,” Int. J. Quant. Chem. Quant. Biol. Symp 8, 441–454 (1981)
J. R. Jungck and S. W. Fox,“Synthesis of Oligonucleotides by Proteinoid Microspheres Acting on ATP,” Naturwissenschaften 60, 425–427
S. W. Fox, T. Nakashima, A. Przybylski, and R. M. Syren“The Updated Experimental Proteinoid Model,” Int. J. Quant. Chem. Quant. Biol. Symp. 9, 195–204 (1982)
Y. Ishima, A. T. Przybylski, and S. W. Fox, “Electrical Membrane Phenomena in Spherules from Proteinoid and Lecithin,” BioSystems 13, 243–251 (1981)
A. T. Przybylski, W. P. Stratten, R. M. Syren, and S. W. Fox, “Membrane, Action, and Oscillatory Potentials in Simulated Protocells,” Naturwissenschaften 69, 561–563 (1982)
T. Takenaka, I. Inoue, Y. Ishima, and H. Horie, “Excitability of Surface Membrane of Protoplasmic Drop Produced from Protoplasm in Nitella,” Proc. Jpn. Acad. 47, 554–557 (1971)
I. Inoue, Y. Ishima, H. Horie, and T. Takenaka, “Properties of an Excitable Membrane Produced on the Surface of a Protoplasmic Drop in Nitella,” Proc. Jpn. Acad. 47, 549–553(1971)
B. Gomperts, The Plasma Membrane, Academic Press, New York (1977)
J. L. Howland, Cell Physiology, Macmillan, New York (1973)
Y. Ishima and S. W. Fox, Abstract, Third Ann. Mtg. Soc. Neuroscience 17. 10, 172 (1973)
S. W. Fox, R. M. McCauley, P. O’B. Montgomery, T. Fukushima, K. Harada, and C. R. Windsor, in Physical Principles of Biological Membranes (F. Snell, J. Wolken, G. J. Iversen, and J. Lam, eds.), Gordon and Breach, New York (1969), pp. 417–430
S. W. Fox, T. Adachi, W. Stillwell, Y. Ishima, and G. Baumann, in Light Transducing Membranes: Structure, Function, Evolution ( D. W. Deamer, ed.), Academic Press, New York (1978), pp. 61–75
L. Hsu, unpublished data
A. T. Przybylski, in Molecular Evolution and Protobiology ( K. Matsuno, K. Dose, K. Harada, and D. L. Rohlfing, eds.), Plenum Press, New York (1984), pp. 253–266
S. W. Fox and S. Yuyama, “Abiotic Production of Primitive Protein and Formed Microparticles,” Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci 108, 487–494 (1963)
R. M. Syren, unpublished data
W. D. Snyder and S. W. Fox, “A Model for the Origin of Stable Protocells in a Primitive Alkaline Ocean,” BioSystems 7, 222–229 (1975)
H. T. Tien, Bilayer Lipid Membranes, Marcel Dekker, New York (1974)
P. Mueller and D. O. Rudin, “Resting and Action Potentials in Experimental Bimolecular Lipid Membranes,” J. Theoret. Biol 18, 222–258 (1968)
A. Wood and H. G. Hardebeck, “Light Enhanced Decarboxylations by Proteinoids,” in Molecular Evolution (D. L. Rohlfing and A. I. Oparin, eds.), Plenum Press, New York(1972)pp. 233–245
B. Heinz and W. Ried, “The Formation of Chromophores Through Amino Acid Ther-molysis and their Possible Role as Prebiotic Photoreceptors,” BioSystems 14, 33–40 (1981)395
G. H. Beaven and E. R. Holiday, “Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Proteins and Amino Acids,” Adv. Protein Chem. 7, 319–386 (1952)
B. Heinz and W. Ried, “Structure Elucidation of a Chromo Proteinoid,” Abstract C2–17, 7th International Conference on the Origins of Life, Mainz, Germany (July 10–15, 1983 )
S. W. Fox, T. Adachi, and W. Stillwell, in Solar Energy: International Progress (T. N. Veziroglu, ed.), Vol. 2, Pergamon Press, New York (1980), pp. 1056–1074
C. Kempf, R. D. Klausner, J. N. Weinstein, J. Van Renswoude, M. Pincus, and R. Blumenthal,Voltage-Dependent Trans-Bilayer Orientation of Melittin,J. Biol Chem257,2469–2476(1982)
S. J. Kennedy, R. W. Roeske, A. R. Freeman, A. M. Watanabe, and H. R. Besch, Jr., “Synthetic Peptides Form Ion Channels in Artificial Lipid Bilayer Membranes,” Science 196, 1341–1342 (1977)
R. J. Bradley, W. O. Romine, M. M. Long, T. Ohnishi, M. A. Jacobs, and D. W. Urry, “Synthetic Peptide K+ Carrier with Ca + + Inhibition,”Arch. Biochem 178, 2, 468 (1977)
S. Larsson, “Electron Transfer in Biological Systems,” Int. J. Quantum Chem.: Quantum Biol. Symp. 9, 385–397 (1982)
V. Denner and F. Kaiser,Phase Transition Behavior of a Greater Membrane ModelInt. J. Quantum Chem.: Quantum Biol. Symp 9, 41–57 (1982)
M. A. Keniry, R. L. Smith, H. S. Gutowsky, and E. Oldfield, in Structure and Dynamics: Nucleic Acids and Proteins ( E. Clementi and R. H. Sarma, eds.), Adenine Press, New York (1983), pp. 435–450
D. W. McLaughlin, in Structure and Dynamics: Nucleic Acids and Proteins ( E. Clementi and R. H. Sarma, eds.), Adenine Press, New York (1983), pp. 55–60
A. C. Scott, in Structure and Dynamics: Nucleic Acids and Proteins ( E. Clementi and R. H. Sarma, eds.), Adenine Press, New York (1983), pp. 389–404.
A. S. Davydov, in Structure and Dynamics: Nucleic Acids and Proteins ( E. Clementi and R. H. Sarma, eds.), Adenine Press, New York (1983), pp. 377–387
M. Levitt, C. Sander, and P. S. Stern,“The Normal Modes of a Protein: Native Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor,” Int. J. Quantum Chem.: Quantum Biol. Symp. 10, 181–199 (1983)
M. Goodman, A. S. Verdini, N. S. Choi, and Y. Masuda, in Topics in Stereochemistry ( E. L. Eliel and N. L. Allinger, eds.), Wiley-Interscience, New York (1970), Vol. 5, pp. 69–166.
A. T. Przybylski“Material Model of the Neuron, ” Abstract Sanibel Symposia (March 1–15, 1984 )
F. L. Carter, Molecular Electronic Devices, Dekker, New York (1982)
W. M. Biernat, “Molecular Storage Unit,” United States Patent 3,119,099 (January 21, 1964 )
F. S. Barnes, “Quantum State Memory,” United States Patent 3,754,988 (August 28, 1973 )
A. Aviram, “Organic Memory Device,” United States Patent 3,833,894 (September 3, 1974 )
C. Levinthal, “System for Storing and Retrieving Information at the Molecular Level,” United States Patent 4,032,901 (June 28, 1977 )
A. T. Przybylski and S. W. Fox, in Solar Power Applications: Alternative Energy Sources IV ( T. N. Veziroglu, ed.), Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan (1982), Vol. 3, pp. 95–102
A. T. Przybylski, R. M. Syren, and S. W. Fox, in Alternative Energy Sources V. Part B: Solar Applications ( T. N. Veziroglu, ed.), Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam (1983) pp. 367–377
S. W. Fox and S. Brooke, in Microencapsulation (T. Kondo, ed.), Techno Books, Tokyo (1979), pp. 257–290. 396
A. T. Przybylski and S. W. Fox “Excitable Artificial Cells of Proteinoid,” Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 10, 301 (1984)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Przybylski, A.T., Fox, S.W. (1986). Electrical Phenomena in Proteinoid Cells. In: Gutmann, F., Keyzer, H. (eds) Modern Bioelectrochemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2105-7_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2105-7_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9246-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2105-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive