Skip to main content

Growth as a Target-Seeking Function

Catch-up and Catch-down Growth in Man

  • Chapter
Human Growth

Abstract

A striking and fundamental property of human growth is that it is self-stabilizing or, to take another analogy, target-seeking. Children, no less than rockets, have their trajectories, governed by the control systems of their genetic constitution and powered by the energy absorbed from the environment. Deflect the child from its natural growth trajectory by acute malnutrition or a sudden lack of a hormone, and a restoring force develops, so that as soon as the missing food or the absent hormone is supplied again, the child hastens to catch up toward its original growth curve. When it gets there, the child slows down again, to adjust its path onto the old trajectory once more.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Acheson, R. M., 1960, Effects of nutrition and disease on human growth, in: Human Growth ( J. M. Tanner, ed.), Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barr, D. G., Shmerling, D. H., and Prader, A., 1972, Catch-up growth in malnutrition studied in celiac disease after institution of glutenfree diet, Pediatr. Res. 6: 521–527.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bate, T. W. P., Price, D. A., Holme, C. A., and McGucken, R. B., 1984, Short stature caused by obstruc-tive apnoea during sleep. Arch. Dis. Child. 59: 78–79.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, H., 1954, Nephrosesyndrom und Koerperwachstum, Helv. Paediatr. Acta 9: 127–134.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bayley, N., 1954, Some increasing parent-child similarities during the growth of children. J. Educ. Psychol. 45: 1–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bohman, V. R., 1955, Compensatory growth of beef cattle: The effect of hay maturity, Anim. Sci. 14: 249–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • British Ministry of Health, 1959, Standards of Normal Weight in Infancy, Ministry of Health Reports: Public Health No. 99, HMSO, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brody, S., 1945, Bioenergetics and Growth, Reinhold, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burns, E. C., Tanner, J. M., Preece, M. A., and Cameron, N., 1981, Final height and pubertal development in children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency, treated for between two and 15 years with human growth hormone, Eur. J. Pediatr. 137: 155–164.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, J. A., Cormode, E., Laski, B., Toole, J. and Howard, N., 1982, Endocrine complications of topical and intralesional corticosteroid therapy. Arch. Dis. Child. 57: 204–207.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doerner, G., and Staudt, J., 1972, Vergleichende Mor-phologische Untersuchungen der Hypothalamus Differ-enzierung der Ratten und Menschen, Endokrinologie 59: 152–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elias, M. F., and Samonds, K. W., 1977, Protein and Cal-orie malnutrition in infant cebus monkeys. Growth and behavioral development during deprivation and rehabilitation, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 28: 355–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleagle, J. G., Samonds, K. W., and Hegsted, D. M., 1975, Physical growth of cebus monkeys, Cebus albifrons, during protein or calorie deficiency, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 28: 246–253.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holder, N., 1981, Regeneration and compensatory growth, Br. Med. Bull. 37: 227–232.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mosier, H. E., Jr., 1969, Allometry of body weight and tail length in studies of catch-up growth in rats, Growth 33: 319–330.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosier, H. D., Jr., 1971, Failure of compensatory (catch-up) growth in the rat, Pediatr. Res. 5: 59–63. 179

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosier, H. D., Jr., Dearden, L. C., Jansons, R. A., and Hill, R., 1978, Cartilage sulfation during catch-up growth after fasting in rats, Endocrinology 102: 386–392.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osbourne, T. B., and Mendel, L. B., 1915, The resumption of growth after long continued failure to grow, J. Biol. Chem. 23: 439–454.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osbourne, T. B., and Mendel, L. B., 1916, Acceleration of growth after retardation, Am. J. Physiol. 40: 16–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Pechstein, J., and Hocke, R., 1968, Bleibende Wachstumsminderung durch Rachitistrotz Nachholwachstum, Fortschr. Med. 18: 614–618.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prader, A., Tanner, J. M., and Von Harnack, G. A., 1963, Catch-up growth following illness or starvation, J. Pediatr. 62: 646–659.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Preece, M. A., and Baines, M. J., 1978, A new family of mathematical models describing the human growth curve, Ann. Hum. Biol. 5: 1–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, A., 1984, The Effects of Illness on Growth During Childhood and Adolescence, M. Phil. Thesis, Oxford University, Oxford, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmons, K., and Todd, T. W., 1938, Menarcheal age and the height, weight and skeletal age of girls age 7 to 17 years, J. Pediatr. 22: 518–548.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D. W., Truog, W., Rogers, J. E., Greitzer, L. J., Skinner, A. L., McCann, J. J., and Harvey, M. A. S., 1976, Shifting linear growth during infancy illustration of genetic factors in growth from fetal life through infancy, J. Pediatr. 89: 225–230.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snow, M. H. L., 1981, Growth and its control in early mammalian development, Br. Med. Bull. 37: 221–226.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoeller, J. A., 1729, Historisch-medizinische Untersu-chung des Wachsthums des Menschen in die Länge, so wohl, was Medici, als alle Wachsende und grosse Leute von dessen natürlichen Eigenschafften und Umständen, wie auch von denen mit dem Wachsthum des Leibes in die Länge sich zutragenden Kranckheiten, ingleichen, was Soldaten von ihren gemeinsten Maladien und derem Curen zu wissen nöthig haben…., Seidel and Scheidhauer, Magdeberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, J. M., 1963a, The regulation of human growth, Child Dev. 34: 817–847.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, J. M, 1963b, Regulation of growth in size of mammals, Nature (London), 199: 845–850.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, J. M., 1978, Foetus into Man, Open Books, London Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, J. M., 1971 Note sur l’historique du “rattrapage” de croissance, Bull. Mem. Soc. Anthropol. ( Paris) Ser. XIIII, 6: 399-405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, J. M., 1981, A History of the Study of Human Growth, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, J. M., and Whitehouse, R. H., 1982, Atlas of Children’s Growth: Normal Variation and Growth Disorders, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, J. M., Healy, M. J. R., Lockhart, R. D., MacKenzie, J. D., and Whitehouse, R. H., 1956, Aberdeen Growth Study I. The prediction of adult body measurements from measurements taken each year from birth to five years, Arch. Dis. Child. 46: 372–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, J. M., Whitehouse, R. H., Hughes, P. C. R., and Vince, F. P., 1971, The effect of human growth hormone treatment for 1 to 7 years on the growth of 100 children, with growth hormone deficiency, low birth- weight, inherited smallness, Turner’s Syndrome, and other complaints, Arch. Dis. Child. 46: 745–782.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, J. M,. Lejarraga, H., and Cameron, N., 1975, The natural history of the Silver-Russell Syndrome: A lon-gitudinal study of 39 cases, Pediatr. Res. 9: 611–623.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, J. M., Whitehouse, R. H., Cameron, N., Marshall, W. A., Healy, M. J. R., and Goldstein, H., 1983, Assessment ofSkeletal Maturity and Prediction of Adult Height, 2nd ed., Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Vliet, G., Styne, D. M., Kaplan, S. L., and Grumbach, M. M., 1983, Growth hormone treatment for short stature, N. Engl. J. Med. 309: 1016–1022.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Von Harnack, G. A., Tanner, J. M., Whitehouse, R. H., and Rodriguez, C. A., 1972, Catch-up in height and skeletal maturity in children on long term treatment for hypothyroidism, Z. Kinderheilk. 112: 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waddington, C. H., 1957, The Strategy of the Genes. A Discussion of Some Aspects of Theoretical Biology, Allen & Unwin, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walton, A., and Hammond, J., 1938, The maternal effects on growth and conformation in Shire horse Shetland pony crosses, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B. 125: 311–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, P. N., and Osbourne, D. F., 1960, Compensatory growth after undernutrition in mammals and birds, Biol. Rev. 35: 324–363.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tanner, J.M. (1986). Growth as a Target-Seeking Function. In: Falkner, F., Tanner, J.M. (eds) Human Growth. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2101-9_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2101-9_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9244-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2101-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics