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Regulation of Fetal Growth by Hormones and Growth Factors

  • Chapter
Human Growth

Abstract

The complexity of the environment in which the human fetus lives makes it difficult to evaluate the factors that regulate growth in utero. Studies directed at understanding growth-control mechanisms in the fetus must take into account multiple influences of fetal origin, as well as the interaction of the fetus with factors derived from the placenta and the mother. Postnatally, growth hormone (GH), thyroxine, Cortisol, androgens, and estrogens have well-defined effects on growth (for reviews, see Underwood and Van Wyk, 1981; Daughaday, 1981). In the fetus, however, their growth-promoting actions are obscure because: (1) Fetal blood and tissues are not readily available for measurement; (2) It is often not possible to separate the effects of similar hormones derived from the fetus, placenta, and mother; and (3) Mammalian species that can be used as models differ with regard to placentation, duration of gestation, maturity of the fetus at delivery, and the kinetics of hormone secretion.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514, USA

    Joseph D’ercole & Louis E. Underwood

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  1. Joseph D’ercole
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  1. School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA

    Frank Falkner

  2. School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA

    Frank Falkner

  3. Institute of Child Health, University of London, London, England

    J. M. Tanner

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D’ercole, J., Underwood, L.E. (1986). Regulation of Fetal Growth by Hormones and Growth Factors. In: Falkner, F., Tanner, J.M. (eds) Human Growth. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2101-9_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2101-9_17

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