Adjoint Networks and Sensitivity

Abstract

The adjoint network concept developed by Director and Rohrer ^[J8-J10] has proved useful in rapidly and accurately calculating element sensitivities (partial derivatives), noise performance, group delay, etc. Its derivation is usually based on Tellegen’s Theorem but can proceed from the use of calculus of variations. The result is that either the partial derivatives of an output quantity with respect to many element values or the transfer functions from many input ports to a single output port can be easily computed.