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The Nervous System of the Crustacea, with Special Reference to the Organisation of The Sensory System

  • Chapter
Nervous Systems in Invertebrates

Abstract

An attempt is made to review the arrangement of the sensory system (excluding the eyes) in the Crustacea, with examples of types of sense organs from mechanical and chemical sensitive groups. The morphogenesis of sensory organs increases the numbers of individual units, at each moult, and ensures a distinctive pattern of sensors associated with each sensory bundle of nerves.

The mechanoreceptors of the basal insertions of limbs (body-coxal joint) form a series. Fundamentally it is likely that each segment contains a chordotonal, and a muscle receptor, organ at the base, but this primary arrangement has been modified according to the specialisation of the limb. The abdominal limbs have only large diameter, non-spiking sensors, which are mimicked in the uropods, though spiking may occur in the latter. In the thorax both types of receptor organs are found in all pereiopods and in the 2nd and 3rd maxillipeds. No chordotonal organ is located in the scaphognathite, nor the mandible, although the former has large diameter sensory neurones with central cell bodies while the latter has a muscle receptor organ (MRO) with bipolar cells. The 1st antenna possesses a chordotonal organ associated with a muscle. The number of individual receptor cells is usually small in non-spiking MROs and rather more in bipolar chordotonal organs.

Amongst chemoreceptors there is a range of organs that may take the form of sensors lying flush with the surface or alternatively as setae projecting into the environment. The number of units represented in such receptors varies from 2–3 in oesophageal sensors, through 12–14 in some amphipod setae, to 20–22 in funnel canals, up to 300 or so in decapod aesthetascs. Some of these receptors carry terminal apertures, whilst others do not. In some the ciliated endings of the dendrites branch but in others they do not.

In summary the sensory system of Crustacea is orderly, with varied and distributed types of end organs.

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  1. Gatty Marine Laboratory, KY16 8LB, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland

    M. S. Laverack

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  1. University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    M. A. Ali

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Laverack, M.S. (1987). The Nervous System of the Crustacea, with Special Reference to the Organisation of The Sensory System. In: Ali, M.A. (eds) Nervous Systems in Invertebrates. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1955-9_12

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