Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Hormones and Reproduction in Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles pp 523–562Cite as

The Evolution of Viviparity in Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles: An Endocrine Approach

  • Chapter

Abstract

Vertebrate viviparity has been of interest to biologists for many years. In fishes, amphibians and reptiles, studies have focused primarily on the anatomical and ecological aspects of this parity mode (for recent reviews, see Wourms,170 Wake,174,175 Shine150). Historically, few studies have examined the physiological adaptations required for the change from oviparity to viviparity in these vertebrate groups. In recent years, a resurgence of interest has occurred, and many studies have begun to focus on physiological and endocrine adaptations related to the evolution of viviparity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Archer, R., Chauvet, J. and Chauvet, M.T. (1969). The neurohypophyseal hormones of reptiles: Comparison of the viper, cobra, and elaphe active principles. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 13, 357–360.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Archer, R., Chauvet, J. and Chauvet, M.T. (1972). Reptilian neurohypophyseal hormones: The active peptides of a Saurian Iguana iguana. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 19, 345–348.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Amoroso, E.C. (1952). Placentation. In “Marshall’s Physiology of Reproduction” (A.S. Parkes, ed.), pp. 127–311. Longman’s Green, London.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Amoroso, E.C. (1981). Viviparity. In “Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Implantation” (S.R. Glasser and D.W. Bullock, eds.), pp. 3–25. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Amoroso, E.C., Heap, R.B. and Renfree, M.B. (1979). Hormones and the evolution of viviparity. In “Hormones and Evolution” (E.J.W. Barrington, ed.), pp . 925–989. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Angelini, F. and Ghiara, G. (1984). Reproductive modes and strategies in vertebrate evolution. Boll. Zool. 51, 121–203.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Arslan, M., Zaidi, P., Lobo, J., Zaidi, A.A. and Quzi, M.H. (1978). Steroid levels in preovulatory and gravid lizards (Uromastix hardwicki). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 34, 300–303.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Badir, N. (1968). Structure and function of corpus luteum during gestation in the viviparous lizard, Chalcides ocellatus. Anat. Anz. 122, 1–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ball, J.N. (1962). Brood-production after hypophysectomy in the viviparous teleost Mollienesia latipinna Le Sueur. Nature 194, 787.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ball, J.N. and Ensor, D.M. (1965). Effect of prolactin on plasma sodium in the teleost, Poecilia latipinna. J. Endocrinol. 32, 269–270.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ball, J.N. and Ensor, D.M. (1967). Specific action of prolactin on plasma sodium levels in hypophysectomized Poecilia latipinna (Teleostei). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 8, 443–440.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ball, J.N. and Ingleton, P.M. (1973). Adaptive variations in prolactin secretion in relation to external salinity in the teleost Poecilia latipinna. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 20, 312–325.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Bauchot, R. (1965). La Placentation chez les Reptiles. Ann. Biol. 4, 547–575.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Beattie, R.C. (1980). A physico-chemical investigation of the jelly capsules surrounding eggs of the common frog (Rana temporaria tempo-raria). J. Zool. (London) 190, 1–25.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bertin, L. (1952). Oviparite, Ovoviviparite, viviparite. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 77, 84–88.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Blackburn, D.G. (1982). Evolutionary origins of viviparity in the Reptilia. 1. Sauria. Amphibia-Reptilia 3, 185–205.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bona-Gallo, A., Licht, P., MacKenzie, D., and Lofts, B. (1980). Annual cycles in levels of pituitary and plasma gonadotropins, gonadal steroids and thyroid activity in the Chinese cobra, Naja naja. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 42, 477–493.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Botte, V. and Delrio, G. (1965). Richerche istochimiche sulla distribuzione dei 3α-l7-chetosteroidi e di alcuni enzimi della steroid ogenesi nell’ ovario de Lacerta sicula. Boll. Zool. 32, 191–195.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Bourne, A.R. (1972). Reproductive endocrinology of the viviparous lizard, Tiliqua rugosa. PhD Dissertation, University of Adelaide, pp. 1–171.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bourne, A.R. (1981). Progesterone-like activity in the plasma of the viviparous skink Trachydosaurus rugosus (Stump-tailed lizard). In “Proceedings of the Melbourne Herpetological Symposium” (C.B. Banks and A.A. Martin, eds.), Zoological Board of Victoria, Victoria.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Boyd, M.M. (1942). The oviduct, foetal membranes and placentation of Hoplodactylus maculatus (Gray). Proc. Zool. Soc. London Ser. A. 112, 65–104.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Bragdon, D.E. (1950). Hormonal control of the reproductive cycle of ovoviviparous snakes as related to the evolution of viviparity. Virginia J. Sci. 1:391–392.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bragdon, D.E. (1951). The non-essentiality of the corpora lutea for the maintenance of gestation in certain live-bearing snakes. J. Exp. Biol. 118, 419–435.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Breder, C.M. and Rosen, D.E. (1966). Modes of Reproduction in Fishes. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Browning, H.C. (1973). The evolutionary history of the corpus luteum. Biol. Reprod. 8, 128–157.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Burrage, B.R. (1973). Comparative ecology and behaviour of Chamaeleo pumilus pumilus (Gmelin) and C. namaquensis A. Smith. Ann. South Afr. Mus. 61, 1–158.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Busse, K. (1970). Care of the young by male Rhinoderma darwini. Copeia 1970, 395.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Callard, I.P., Bayne, C.G. and McConnell, W.F. (1972). Hormones and reproduction in the female lizard, Sceloporus cyanogenys. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 18, 175–195.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Callard, I.P., Chan, S.W.C. and Poots, M.A. (1972). The control of the reptilian gonad. Amer. Zool. 12, 273–287.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Callard, I.P., Doolittle, J., Banks, W.I., and Chan, W.C. (1972). Recent studies on the control of the reptilian ovarian cycle. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. Suppl. 3, 65–75.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Callard, I.P. and Hirsch, M. (1976). The influence of oestradiol-173 and progesterone on the contractility of the oviduct of the turtle, Chrysemys picta, in vitro. J. Endocrinol. 68, 147–152.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Callard, I.P., Koob, T., Tsang, P. and Riley, D. (1985). Hormonereceptor interactions and the evolution of viviparity. Paper presented at 10th International Symposium on.Comparative Endocrinology, Copper Mountain, Colorado, July 21–26.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Callard, I.P. and Lance, V. (1977). The control of reptilian follicular cycles. In “Reproduction and Evolution” (C.H. Tyndale-Biscoe, ed.). Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Comp. Biol. Reprod., Australian Acad. Sci., Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Callard, I.P., McChesney, I., Scanes, C. and Callard, G.V. (1976). The influence of mammalian and avian gonadotropins on in vitro ovarian steroid synthesis in the turtle (Chrysemys picta). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 28, 2–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Chambolle, P. (1964). Influence de l’hypophysectomie sur la gestation de Gambusia Sp. C. R. Acad. Sci., (Paris) Ser. D. 259, 3855–3857.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Chan, S.W.C., Ziegel, S. and Callard, I.P. (1973). Plasma progesterone in snakes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 44, 631–637.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Chieffi, G. (1962). Integration of reproductive functions. II. Endocrine aspects of reproduction in elasmobranch fishes. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. Suppl. 1, 275–285.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Chieffi, G. and Botte, V. (1970). The problem of luteogenesis in nonmammalian vertebrates. Bull. Zool. 37, 85–102.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Clausen, H.J. (1935). The effects of ovariotomy and hypophysectomy on parturition in snakes. Anat. Rec., 64; suppl. 88.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Clausen, H.J. (1940). Studies on the effect of ovariotomy and hypophysectomy on gestation in snakes. Endocrinology 27, 700–704.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Corben, C.J., Ingram, G.J. and Tyler, M.J. (1974). Gastric brooding: unique form of parental care in an Australian frog. Science 186, 946–947.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Cuellar, H. (1979). Disruption of gestation and egg shelling in deluteinized oviparous whiptail lizards Cnemidophorus uniparens. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 39, 150–157.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Dauphin-Villemant, C. and Xavier, F. (1985). In vitro steroid biosynthesis by the adrenal gland of the female Lacerta vivipara Jacquin: The metabolism of exogenous precursors. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 58, 1–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. del Pino, E.M. (1980). Morphology of the pouch and incubatory integument in marsupial frogs (Hylidae). Copeia 1980, 10–17.

    Google Scholar 

  45. del Pino, E.M. (1983). Progesterone induces incubatory changes in the brooding pouch of the frog Gastrotheca riobambae (Fowler). J. Exp. Zool. 227, 159–163.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. del Pino, E.M., Galarza, M.L., de Albuja, C.M. and Humphries, A.A., Jr. (1975). The maternal pouch and development in the marsupial frog Gastrotheca riobambae (Fowler). Biol. Bull. 149, 480–491.

    Google Scholar 

  47. del Pino, E.M. and Sanchez, G. (1977). Ovarian structure of the marsupial frog Gastrotheca riobambae (Fowler). J. Morphol. 153, 153–162.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Dobbs, G.H. (1975). Scanning electron microscopy of intraovarian embryos of the viviparous teleost, Micrometrus minimus (Gibbons), (Perciformes: Embiotocidae) J. Fish Biol. 7, 209–214.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Dodd, J.M. (1975). The hormones of sex and reproduction and their effect in fish and lower chordates: twenty years on. Am. Zool. 15 (Suppl. 1), 137–171.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Dodd, J.M., Evennett, P.J. and Goddard, C.K. (1960). Reproductive endocrinology in cyclostomes and elasmobranchs. Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1, 77–103.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Dodd, J.M. and Sumpter, J.P. (1984). Fishes. In “Marshall’s Physiology of Reproduction, 4th Ed.” Vol. 1: Reproductive Cycles of Vertebrates. (G.E. Lamming, ed.), pp. 1–126. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Donaldson, E.M. and Hunter, G.A. (1983). Induced final maturation, ovulation and spermiation in cultured fish. In “Fish Physiology” Vol. 9, Part B (W.S. Hoar, D.J. Randall, and E.M. Donaldson, eds.), pp. 351–404. Academic Press, Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Fanning, J.C., Tyler, M.J. and Shearman, D.J.C. (1982). Converting a stomach to a uterus: The microscopic structure of the stomach of the gastric brooding frog Rheobatrachus silus. Gastroenterology 82, 62–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Fitzgerald, K.T., Guillette, L.J. Jr., and Duvall, D. (1979). Notes on birth, development and care of Gastrotheca riobambae tadpoles in the laboratory (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). J. Herpetol. 13, 457–460.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Fox, H. (1977). The urinogenital system of reptiles. In “Biology of the Reptilia” Vol. 6 (C. Gans, ed.), pp. 1–157. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Fox, S.L. (1984). Ovarian and oviductal morphology during the reproductive cycle of two lizard species, Crotaphytus collaris and Eumeces obsoletus. MS Thesis, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Fraenkel, L., Martins, T. and Mello, R.F. (1940). Studies on the pregnancy of viviparous snakes. Endocrinology 27, 836–387.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Freeman, S.B. (1968). A study of the jelly envelopes surrounding the egg of the amphibian, Xenopus laevis. Biol. Bull. 135, 501–513.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Goetz, F.W. (1983). Hormonal control of oocyte final maturation and ovulation in fishes. In “Fish Physiology” Vol. 9, Part B (W.S. Hoar, D.J. Randall, and E.M. Donaldson, eds.), pp. 117–170. Academic Press Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Gowan, L.K., Reinig, J.W., Schwabe, C., Bedarker, S. and Blundell, T.L. (1981). On the primary and tertiary structure of relaxin from the sand tiger shark (Odontaspis taurus). FEBS (Fed. Eur. Biochem. Soc.) Lett. 129, 80–82.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Greven, H. (1976). Notizen zum Geburtsvorgang be im Feuersalamander, Salamandra salamandra (L.). Salamandra 12, 87–93.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Greven, H. (1977). Comparative ultrastructure investigations of the uterine epithelium in the viviparous Salamandra atra Laur. and the ovoviviparous Salamandra salamandra (L.) (Amphibia, Urodela). Cell. Tiss. Res. 181, 215–237.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Greven, H., Kuhlmann, D. and Reineck, U. (1975). Anatomie und Histologic des oviductes von Salamandra salamandra (Amphibia: Urodela). Zool. Beitr. N.F. 21, 325–345.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Guillette, L.J., Jr. (1979). Stimulation of parturition in a viviparous lizard (Sceloporus jarrovi) by arginine vasotocin. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 38, 457–460.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Guillette, L.J., Jr. (1982). The evolution of viviparity and placen-tation in the high elevation, Mexican lizard Sceloporus aeneus. Herpetologica 38, 94–103.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Guillette, L.J., Jr. (1984). Ovarian and oviductal morphology of the New Guinea scincid lizard, Sphenomorphus fragilis. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Australian Society of Herpetolo-gists. Springwood, Australia, September 1–2.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Guillette, L.J., Jr. (1985). The evolution of egg retention in lizards: A physiological model. In “Biology of Australasian Frogs and Reptiles” (G.Grigg, R. Shine and H. Ehmann, eds.), pp. 379–386. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydney.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Guillette, L.J., Jr. and Dickey, D. (1984). Potentiation of acetylcholine-induced skeletal muscle contractions in vitro by Prostaglandin F2α in the lizard, Crotaphytus collaris. Can. J. Zool. 62, 2188– 2191.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Guillette, L.J. Jr. and Fox, S.L. (1985). Effect of deluteinization on plasma progesterone concentration and gestation in the lizard, Anolis carolinensis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 80A, 303–306.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Guillette, L.J., Jr. and Herman, C.A. (1985). Synthesis of series two prostaglandins by the reptilian reproductive tract. Paper presented at the 10th International Symposium on Comparative Endocrinology, Copper Mountain, Colorado; July 21–26.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Guillette, L.J., Jr. and Hotton, N. (1985). The evolution of mammalian reproductive characteristics in therapsid reptiles. In “The Biology of the Mammal-like Reptiles” (Roth, J.J. et al., eds.), in press. Smithsonian Press, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Guillette, L.J., Jr. and Jones, R.E. (1980). Arginine vasotocin-induced in vitro oviductal contractions in Anolis carolinensis: Effects of steroid hormone pretreatment in vivo. J. Exp. Zool. 212, 147–152.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Guillette, L.J. Jr., and Jones, R.E. (1982). Further observations on arginine vasotocin-induced oviposition and parturition in lizards. J. Herpetol. 16, 140–144.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Guillette, L.J., Jr. and Jones, R.E. (1985). Ovarian, oviductal and placental morphology of the reproductively bimodal lizard species, Sceloporus aeneus. J. Morphol. 184,’85–98.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Guillette, L.J., Jr., Jones, R.E., Fitzgerald, K.T. and Smith, H.M. (1980). Evolution of viviparity in the lizard genus Sceloporus. Herpetologica 36, 201–215.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Guillette, L.J., Jr., Lavia, L.A., Walker, N. and Roberts D. (1984). Luteolysis induced by Prostaglandin F2α in the lizard, Anolis carolinensis. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 56, 271–277.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Guillette, L.J. Jr., Norris, D.O., Norman, M. (1985). Response of amphibian (Ambystoma tigrinum) oviduct to arginine vasotocin and acetylcholine in vitro; Influence of steroid hormone pretreatment in vivo. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 80C, 151–154.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Guillette, L.J. Jr., Spielvogel, S. and Moore, F.L. (1981). Luteal development, placentation and plasma progesterone concentration in the viviparous lizard, Sceloporus jarrovi. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 43, 20–29.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Guraya, S.S. (1968). Histochemical study of granulosa (follicular) cells in the preovulatory and postovulatory follicles of amphibian ovary (bullfrog). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 10, 138–146.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Heller, H. (1972). The effect of neurohypophyseal hormones on the female reproductive tract of lower vertebrates. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. Suppl. 3, 703–714.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Heller, H., Ferreri, E., and Leathers, D.H.G. (1970). The effect of neurohypophyseal hormones on the amphibian oviduct in vitro, with some remarks on the histology of this organ. J. Endocrinol. 47, 495–509.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Herman, C.A., Gonzales, D.V., Doolittle, K., and Jackson, L. (1981). Frogs produce a physiologically active compound from eicosapentaenoic acid. Prostaglandins 21, 297–306.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Highfill, D.R. and Mead, R.A. (1975). Function of corpora lutea of pregnancy in the viviparous garter snake, Thamnophis elegans. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 27, 401–407.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Highfill, D.R. and Mead, R.A. (1975). Sources and levels of progesterone during pregnancy in the garter snake, Thamnophis elegans. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 27, 389–400.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Hisaw, F.L. and Abramowitz, A.A. (1938). The physiology of reproduction in the dogfish, Mustelus canis. Rep. Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst. 1937, 21–22.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Hisaw, F.L. and Abramowitz, A.A. (1939). Physiology of reproduction in the dogfishes, Mustelus canis and Squalus acanthias. Rep. Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst. 1938, 22.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Hisaw, F.L., Jr and Hisaw, F.L. (1959). The corpora lutea of elasmo-branch fishes. Anat. Rec. 135, 269–278.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Hoar, W.S. (1969). Reproduction. In “Fish Physiology” Vol. 3 (W. A. Hoar and D.J. Randall, eds.), pp. 1–72. Academic Press, Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Hogarth, P.J. (1976). Viviparity. Studies in Biology #75. Arnold, London.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Horrobin, D.F. (1978). Prostaglandins: physiology, pharmacology and clinical significance. Eden Press Inc., Montreal, Que.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Huey, R.B. (1977). Egg retention in some high altitude Anolis lizards. Copeia 1977, 373–375.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Ingram, G.J., Anstis, M. and Corben, C.J. (1975). Observations on the Australian Leptodactylid frog, Assa darlingtoni. Herpetologica 31, 425–49.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Iverson, J.G. (1978). Amphibia and Reptilia. In “Vertebrates of the World, A Preliminary List.” Gainesville Field Station, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Laboratory, Gainesville.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Jalabert, B. (1976). In vitro oocyte maturation and ovulation in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), northern pike (Esox lucius) and goldfish (Carassius auratus). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 33, 974–988.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Jollie, W. P. and Jollie, L. G. (1964). The fine structure of the ovarian follicle of the ovoviviparous poeciliid fish, Lebistes reticulatus. I. Maturation of follicular epithelium. J. Morphol. 114, 479–502.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Jollie, W.P. and Jollie, L.G. (1964). The fine structure of the ovarian follicle of the ovoviviparous poeciliid fish, Lebistes reticulatus. II. Formation of follicular pseudoplacenta. J. Morphol. 114, 503–526.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Jollie, W.P. and Jollie, L.G. (1967). Electron microscopic observations on accommodations to pregnancy in the uterus of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias. J. Ultrastruc. Res. 20, 161–178.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Joly, J. (1960). Le cycle sexuel de la Salamandre tachettee, Sala-mandra salamandra quadrivirgata, dans l’ouest de la France. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) Ser. D. 251, 2594–2596.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Joly, J. (1965). Mise en evidence histochemique d’une Δ5,3β-hydroxy-steroide -deshydrogenase dans l’ovaire de l’urodele Salamandra salamandra (L.) a differents stages du cycle sexuel. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) Ser. D. 261, 1569–1571.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Joly, J. (1968). Donnees ecologiques sur la Salamandre tachetee Salamandra salamandra (L.). Ann. Sc. Nat. Zool. 10, 301–366.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Joly, J. and Boisseau, C. (1973). Localisation des spermatozoides dans l’oviducte de la salamandra terrestre, Salamandra salamandra (L.) (amphibien urodele) au moment de la fecondation. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) Ser. D. 277, 2537–2540.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Joly, J. and Picheral, B. (1972). Ultrastructure, histochimie et physiologie du follicule pre-ovulatorie et du corps jaune de l’urodele ovo-vivipare Salamandra salamandra (L.). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 18, 235–259.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Jones, R.E., Gerrard, A.M., and Roth, J.J. (1973). Estrogen and brood pouch formation in the marsupial frog, Gastrotheca riobambae. J. Exp. Zool. 184, 177–184.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Jones, R.E. and Guillette, L.J., Jr. (1982). Hormonal control of ovi-position and parturition in lizards. Herpetologica 38, 80–93.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Jones, R.E., Guillette, L.J., Jr., Norman, M. and Roth, J.J. (1982). Corpus luteum-uterine relationships in the control of uterine contraction in the lizard Anolis carolinensis. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 48, 104–112.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Jones, R.E., Summers, C. and Lopez, K. (1983). Adrenergic inhibition of uterine contractions and oviposition in the lizard Anolis carolin-ensis. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 51, 77–83.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Khoo, K.H. (1975). The corpus luteum of goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) and its functions. Can. J. Zool. 53, 1306–1323.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Knight, F.M., Lombardi, J., Wourms, J.P. and Burns, J.R. (1985). Follicular placenta and embryonic growth of the viviparous four-eyed fish (Anableps). J. Morphol. 185, 131–142.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Koob, T.J. and Callard, I.P. (1982). Relaxin: speculations on its physiological importance in some non-mammalian species. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 380,163–173.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Koob, T.J., Laffan, J.J. and Callard, I.P. (1984). Effects of relaxin and insulin on reproductive tract size and early fetal loss in Squalus acanthias. Biol. Reprod. 31, 231–238.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Koob, T.J., Tsang, P., Laffan, J.J. and Callard, I.P. (1982). Possible role for estradiol in nidamental gland function. Bull. Mt. Desert Isl. Biol. Lab 22,97–99.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Kujala, G.A. (1978). Corticosteroid and neurohypophyseal hormone control of parturition in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 36, 286–296.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Lance, V. and Callard, I.P. (1978). Hormonal control of ovarian steroidogenesis in nonmammalian vertebrates. In “The Vertebrate Ovary: Comparative Biology and Evolution” (R.E. Jones, ed.), pp. 361–407. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  114. LaPointe, J.L. (1964). Induction of oviposition in lizards with the hormone oxytocin. Copeia 1964, 541–542.

    Google Scholar 

  115. LaPointe, J.L. (1979). Effects of ovarian steroids and neurohypophysial hormones on the oviduct of the viviparous lizard, Klauberina riversiana. J. Endocrinol. 43, 197–205.

    Google Scholar 

  116. LaPointe, J.L. (1977). Comparative physiology of neurohypophysial hormone action on the vertebrate oviduct-uterus. Am. Zool. 17, 763– 773.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Lemus, D., Zurich, L., Paz de la Vega-Lemus, Y. and Wacyk, J. (1968). Actividad espontanea y effecto de oxitocina en el utero aislado de Liolaemus gravenhorti y Liolaemus tenuis T. Arch. Biol. Med. Exp. 7, 11–13.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Lien, J.P. and Callard, I.P. (1968). The effect of gonadectomy and hormonal replacement therapy on reproduction and the reproductive tract of the ovoviviparous lizard, Sceloporus cyanogenys. Va. J. Sci. 19, 179.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Liley, N.R. and Stacey, N.E. (1983). Hormones, pheromones, and reproductive behavior in fish. In “Fish Physiology” Vol. 9, Part B (W.S. Hoar, D.J. Randall, and E.M. Donaldson, eds.), pp. 1–64. Academic Press Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Lofts, B. (1984). Amphibians. In “Marshall’s Physiology of Reproduction, 4th ed.” Vol. 1: Reproductive cycles of Vertebrates. (G.E. Lamming, ed.), pp. 127–205. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  121. Masson, G.R. (1985). Changes in uterine vascularity during the reproductive cycle of three oviparous lizards: Eumeces obsoletus, Sceloporus undulatus, Crotaphytus collaris. MS Thesis, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS.

    Google Scholar 

  122. McGill, J.C. (1981). Prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxanes. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 21, 479–509.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Mead, R.A., Eroschenko, V.P., and Highfill, D.R. (1981). Effects of progesterone and estrogen on the histology of the oviduct of the garter snake, Thamnophis elegans. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 45, 345–354.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Morat, M. (1969). Contributions a l’etude de l’activite Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroide dehydrogenasicue chez chelques reptiles de massif central. Ann. Sta. Biol. Beese, Chandesse 4, 1–55.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Moore, M.C., Whittier, J.M. and Crews, D. (1985). Sex steroid hormones during the ovarian cycle of an all-female, parthenogenetic lizard and their correlation with pseudo-sexual behavior. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 60, 144–153.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Morriss, G. (1975). Placental evolution and embryonic nutrition. In “Comparative Placentation: Essays in Structure and Function” (D.H. Steven, ed.), pp. 87–107. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Mossman, H.W. (1937). Comparative morphogenesis of the fetal membranes and accessory uterine structures. Cont. Embryol. 158, 130–193.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Nagahama, Y. (1983). The functional morphology of teleost gonads. In “Fish Physiology” Vol. 9, Part A (W.S. Hoar, D.J. Randall, and E.M. Donaldson, eds.). Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Noble, G.K. (1925). The integumentary, pulmonary and cardiac modifications correlated with increased cutaneous respiration in the amphibia: a solution of the “hairy frog” problem. J. Morphol. 40, 3410 416.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Ozon, R. and Xavier, F. (1968). Biosynthese in vitro des steroides par l’ovaire de l’Anoure vivipare Nectophrynoides occidentalis au cours du cycle sexuel. C.R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) Ser. D. 266, 1173–1175.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Packard, G.C., Tracy, C.R. and Roth, J.J. (1977). The physiological ecology of reptilian eggs and embryos, and the evolution of viviparity within the class Reptilia. Biol. Rev. 52, 71–105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Pancharatna, M. and Saidapur, S.K. (1984). The luteotrophic effect of homoplastic pituitary pars distalis homogenate, PMSG, and HCG on the corpora lutea of the hypophysectomized frog, Rana cyanophlyctis (SCHN). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 53, 375–380.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Panigel, M. (1953). Role des corps jaunes au cours de la gestation chez le lezard vivipare, Zootoca vivipara. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) Ser D. 236, 849–851.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Panigel, M. (1956). Contribution a l’etude de l’ovoviviparite chez les reptiles: Gestation et parturition chez le lezard vivipare, Zootoca vivipara. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. Biol. Anim. XI 18, 569–668.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Rabb, G.S. and Rabb, M.S. (1960). On the mating and egg-laying behavior of the Surinam toad, Pipa pipa. Copeia 1960, 271–276.

    Google Scholar 

  136. Rabb, G.S. and Rabb, M.S. (1963). Additional observations on the breeding behavior of the Surinam toad, Pipa pipa. Copeia 1963, 636– 642.

    Google Scholar 

  137. Rahn, H. (1938). Structure and function of placenta and corpus luteum in viviparous snakes. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 40, 381–382.

    Google Scholar 

  138. Roth, J.J., Jones, R.E. and Gerrard, A. (1973). Corpora lutea and oviposition in the lizard Sceloporus undulatus. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 21, 596–572.

    Google Scholar 

  139. Rothchild, I. (1981). The regulation of the mammalian corpus luteum. Rec. Prog. Horm. Res. 37, 183–298.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Rownads, I.W. and Weir, B.J. (1984). Mammals: Non-primate eutheri-ans. In “Marshall’s Physiology of Reproduction, 4th ed.” Vol. 1: Reproductive Cycles of Vertebrates (G.E. Lamming, ed.), pp. 455–658. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  141. Saidapur, S.K. (1982). Structure and function of postovulatory follicles (Corpora Lutea) in the ovaries of nonmammalian vertebrates. Int. Rev. Cytol. 75, 243–285.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Saidapur, S.K. and Nadkarni, V.B. (1974). Steroid synthesizing cellular sites in the amphibian ovary. A histochemical study. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 22, 459–462.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Salthe, S.N. (1963). The egg capsules in the amphibia. J. Morphol. 113, 161–171.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Salthe, S.E. and Duellman, W.E. (1973). Quantitative constraints associated with reproductive mode in anurans. In “Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans: Contemporary Research on Major Problems” (J.L. Vial, ed.), pp. 229–249. Univ. Missouri Press, Columbia, MO.

    Google Scholar 

  145. Salthe, S.N. and Mecham, J.S. (1974). Reproductive and courtship patterns. In “Physiology of the Amphibia” (B. Lofts, ed.), pp. 309– 501. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  146. Schwabe, C., Steinetz, B., Weiss, G., Segaloff, A., McDonald, J.K., O’Byrne, E.M., Hochman, J., Carriere, B. and Goldsmith, L. (1978). Relaxin. Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 34, 123–199.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Sekharappa, B.M. and Devaraj Sarkar, H.B. (1978). Role of corpora lutea in gestation in the skink Mabuya carinata. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 16, 1097–1098

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Selye, H. (1936). A syndrome produced by diverse noxuous agents. Nature 138, 32.

    Google Scholar 

  149. Selye, H. (1936). Thymus, adrenals and thyroid in the response of the organism to certain drugs. Am. J. Physiol. 116, 141.

    Google Scholar 

  150. Selye, H. (1937). Studies on Adaptation. Endocrinology 21, 169–188.

    Google Scholar 

  151. Selye, H. (1950). Stress. Acta Inc., Montreal, 1005 pp,

    Google Scholar 

  152. Sergeev, A.M. (1940). Researches on the viviparity of reptiles. Moscow Soc. Nat. 1–34.

    Google Scholar 

  153. Shine, R. (1983). Reptilian reproductive modes: the oviparity-viviparity continuum. Herpetologica 39, 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  154. Shine, R. (1984). Physiological and ecological questions on the evolution of reptilian viviparity. In “Respiration and Metabolism of Embryonic Vertebrates” (R. Seymour, ed.), pp.147–154. Junk, The Hague.

    Google Scholar 

  155. Shine, R. (1985). The evolution of viviparity in reptiles: An ecological analysis. In “Biology of the Reptilia” Vol. 15 (C. Gans and F. Billett, eds.), pp. 604–694. Wiley Interscience, St. Louis.

    Google Scholar 

  156. Shine, R. and Bull, J.J. (1979). The evolution of live-bearing in lizards and snakes. Am. Nat. 113, 905–923.

    Google Scholar 

  157. Smith, C.L., Rand, C.S., Schaeffer, B. and Atz, J.W. (1975). Lati-meria, the living coelecanth, is ovoviviparous. Science 190, 1105– 1106.

    Google Scholar 

  158. Sod-Moria, U.S. and Bedrak, E. (1973). Corpora lutea activity in heat-acclimated (HA) female rats. Acta endocrinol., Copenh. (Suppl) 177, 337.

    Google Scholar 

  159. Spannhof, I. and Spannhof, L. (1972). Beobachtungen zur brutbiologie und larvenetwicklung von Gastrotheca marsupiata. Wiss. Z. Univ. Rostock Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 20,97–104.

    Google Scholar 

  160. Stamps, J.A. (1976). Egg retention, rainfall and egg laying in a tropical lizard Anolis aeneus. Copeia 1976, 759–764.

    Google Scholar 

  161. Stewart, J.R. (1985). Placentation in the lizard Gerrhonotus caeruleus with a comparison to the extraembryonic membranes of the oviparous Gerrhonotus multicarinatus (Sauria, Anguidae). J. Morphol. 185, 101– 114.

    Google Scholar 

  162. Straughan, I.R. and Main, A.R. (1966). Speciation and polymorphism in the genus Crinia Tschudi (Anura, Leptodactylidae) in Queensland. Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 78, 11–28.

    Google Scholar 

  163. Summers, C.H., Austin, H.B. and Jones, R.E. (1985). Induction of ovi-position in cycling Anolis carolinensis requires a β-adrenoreceptor blocker and a high dosage of arginine vasotocin. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 57, 389–392.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Tinkle, D.W. and Gibbons, J.W. (1977). The distribution and evolution of viviparity in reptiles. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan #154.

    Google Scholar 

  165. Townsend, D.S., Stewart, M.M., Pough, F.H., and Brussard, P.F. (1981). Internal fertilization in an oviparous frog. Science 212, 469–470.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Tyler, M.J. and Carter, D.B. (1981). Oral birth of the young of the gastric brooding frog Rheobatrachus silus. Anim. Beh. 29, 280–282.

    Google Scholar 

  167. Tyler, M.J., Shearman, D.J.C., Franco, R., O’Brien, P., Seamark, R.F., Kelly, R. (1983). Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in the gastric brooding frog, Rheobatrachus silus. Science 220, 609–610.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. van Tienhoven, A. (1983). Reproductive Physiology of Vertebrates, 2nd Ed. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  169. van Wyk, J.H. (1984). Physiological changes during the ovarian cycle of the female rock lizard, Agama atra (Sauria: Agamidae). S.-Afr. Tydskr. Dierk. 19, 253–260.

    Google Scholar 

  170. Veith, W.J. (1974). Reproductive biology of Chameleo pumilus pumilus with special reference to the role of the corpus luteum and progesterone. Zool. Afr. 9, 161–183.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Veith, W.J. (1980). Viviparity and embryonic adaptations in the tele-ost Clinus superciliosus. Can. J. Zool. 58, 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  172. Vilter, V. (1967) Histologie de l’oviducte chez Salamandra atra mature, urodele totalement vivipare de haute montaigne. C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 161, 260–264.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Vilter, A. and Vilter, V. (1962). Role de l’oviducte dans l’uniparite uterine de la salamandre noire des Alpes orientales (Salamandra atra Laur.). C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 156, 49–51.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Vilter, V. and Vilter, A. (1964). Sur 1’evolution des corps jaunes ovariens chez Salamandra atra Laur. des Alpes Vaudoises. C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 158, 457–461.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Wake, M.H. (1968). Evolutionary morphology of the caecilian urogenital system. I. The gonads and the fat bodies. J. Morphol. 126, 291– 332.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Wake, M.H. (1977). Fetal maintenance and its evolutionary significance in the Amphibia: Gymnophiona. J. Herpetol. 11, 379–386.

    Google Scholar 

  177. Wake, M.H. (1977). The reproductive biology of caecilians: an evolutionary perspective. In “Reproductive Biology of the Amphibia” (S. Guttman and D. Taylor, eds.), pp. 73–101. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  178. Wake, M.H. (1978). An ovoviviparous Eleutherodactylus, with comments on the evolution of live-bearing systems. J. Herpetol. 12, 121–133.

    Google Scholar 

  179. Wake, M.H. (1980). The reproductive biology of Nectophrynoides malcolmi (Amphibia: Bufonidae), with comments on the evolution of reproductive modes in the genus Nectophrynoides. Copeia 1980, 192–209.

    Google Scholar 

  180. Wake, M.H. (1982). Diversity within a framework of constraints. Amphibian Reproductive Modes. In “Environmental Adaptation and Evolution” (D. Mossakowski and G. Roth, eds.), pp. 87–107. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  181. Wake, M.W. (1985). Oviduct structure and function in non-mammalian vertebrates. Fortsch. Zool. 30, 427–435.

    Google Scholar 

  182. Waring, H., Landgrebe, F.W. and Neill, R.M. (1941). Ovulation and oviposition in anura. J. Exp. Biol. 18, 11–25.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Welsch, U., Muller, W. and Schubert C. (1977). Electron microscopical and histochemical observations on the reproductive biology of viviparous caecilians (Chtonerpetron indistinctum). Zool. Jb. Anat. 97, 532–549.

    Google Scholar 

  184. Weekes, H.C. (1935). A review of placentation among reptiles with particular regard to the function and evolution of the placenta. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1935, 625–645.

    Google Scholar 

  185. Wourms, J.P. (1977). Reproduction and development in chondrichthyan fishes. Am. Zool. 17, 379–410.

    Google Scholar 

  186. Wourms, J.P. (1981). Viviparity: The maternal-fetal relationship in fishes. Am. Zool. 21, 473–515.

    Google Scholar 

  187. Xavier, F. (1973). Le cycle des voies genitales femelles de Nectophrynoides occidentalis Angel, amphibien anoure vivipare. Z. Zellforsch, 140, 509–534.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Xavier, F. (1977). An exceptional reproductive strategy in Anura: Nectophyrnoides occidentalis Angel (Bufonidae), an example of adaptation to terrestrial life by viviparity. In “Major Patterns in Vertebrate Evolution” (M.K. Hecht, P.C. Goody, and B.M. Hecht), pp. 545– 552. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  189. Xavier, F. (1982). Progesterone in the viviparous lizard Lacerta vivipara: ovarian biosynthesis, plasma levels, and binding to transcortin-type protein during the sexual cycle. Herpetologica 38, 62–70.

    Google Scholar 

  190. Xavier, F. and Ozon, R. (1971). Recherches sur l’activite endocrine de l’ovaire de Nectophrynoides occidentalis Angel (Amphibien Anoure vivipare). II. Synthese in vitro des steroides. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 16, 30–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Xavier, F., Zuber-Vogeli, M. and LeQuang Trong, Y. (1970). Recerches sur l’activite endocrine de l’ovaire de Nectophrynoides occidentalis Angel (Amphibien anoure vivipare). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 15, 425–431.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Yaron, Z. (1972). Endocrine aspects of gestation in viviparous reptiles. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. Suppl. 3, 668–674.

    Google Scholar 

  193. Yaron, Z. (1977). Embryo-maternal interrelations in the lizard Xantu-sia vigilis. In. “Reproduction and Evolution” (J.H. Calaby and C.H. Tyndale-Biscoe, eds.), 271–277. Australian Academy of Sci. Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  194. Yaron, Z. (1985). Reptilian placentation and gestation: Structure, function and endocrine control. In “Biology of the Reptilia” Vol. 15 Development B. (C. Gans and F. Billett, eds.), pp. 527–603. John Wiley and Sons, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA

    Louis J. Guillette Jr.

Authors
  1. Louis J. Guillette Jr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Environmental, Population and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA

    David O. Norris

  2. Laboratory of Comparative Reproduction, Department of Environmental, Population and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA

    Richard E. Jones

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Guillette, L.J. (1987). The Evolution of Viviparity in Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles: An Endocrine Approach. In: Norris, D.O., Jones, R.E. (eds) Hormones and Reproduction in Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1869-9_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1869-9_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9042-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1869-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation