Skip to main content

Thyrotropin and Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Clinical Surveys in Endocrinology ((CSED,volume 1))

Abstract

Pituitary thyrotropin, or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), as the name implies, is the principal regulator that governs the growth and function of the thyroid gland. The secretion, metabolism, regulatory control, and actions of this important glycoprotein form the basis of this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Condliffe PG, Weintraub BD: Pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone and other thyroid-stimulating substances. In Gray CH, James VHT (eds): Hormones in Blood. Academic, London, 1979, p. 499.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Chin WW, Habener JF, Kieffer JD, et al: Cell-free translation of the messenger RNA coding for the subunit of thyroid-stimulating hormone. J Biol Chem 153:7985, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Kourides IA, Vamvakopoulos NC, Maniatis GM: mRNA-directed biosynthesis of a and β subunits of thyrotropin. J Biol Chem 254:11106, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kourides IA, Weintraub BD, Rosen SW, et al: Secretion of alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormones by pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 43:97, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Lamberg BA, Pekonen F, Gordin A: TSH-induced hyperthyroidism and acromegaly due to pituitary tumour. Ann Endocrinol 39:14A, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Smallridge RC, Wartofsky L, Dimond RC: Inappropriate secretion of thyrotropin: Discordance between the suppressive effects of corticosteriods and thyroid hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 48:700, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Utiger RD: Radioimmunoassay of human plasma thyrotropin. J Clin Invest 44:1277, 1965.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Reichlin S, Utiger RD: Regulation of the pituitary thyroid axis in man: Relationship of TSH concentration to concentration of free and total thyroxine in plasma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 27:251, 1967.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Larsen PR, Frumess RD: Comparison of the biological effects of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the rat. Endocrinology 100:980, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Spira O, Birkenfeld A, Avni A, et al: TSH synthesis and release in the thyroidectomized rat: effect of T3. Acta Endocrinol (Kbh) 92:502, 1979.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Silva JE, Larsen PR: Pituitary nuclear 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine and thyrotropin secretion: an explanation for the effect of thyroxine. Science 198:617, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Larsen PR, Dick TE, Markowitz BP, et al: Inhibition of intrapituitary thyroxine to 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine conversion prevents the acute suppression of thyrotropin release by thyroxine in hypothyroid rats. J Clin Invest 64:117, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Obregon MJ, Pascual A, Mallol J, et al: Evidence against a major role of L-thyroxine at the pituitary level: Studies in rats treated with iopanoic acid (Telepaue). Endocrinology 106:1827, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. De Lean A, Ferland L, Drouin J, et al: Modulation of pituitary thyrotropin releasing hormone receptor levels by estrogens and thyroid hormones. Endocrinology 100:1496, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Gershengorn MC. Bihormonal regulation of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor in mouse pituitary thyrotropic tumor cells in culture. J Clin Invest 62:937, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Larsen PR: Thyroid-pituitary interaction: feedback regulation of thyrotropin secretion by thyroid hormones. N Engl J Med 306:23, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Besses GS, Burrow GN, Spaulding SW, et al: Dopamine infusion acutely inhibits the TSH and prolactin response to TRH. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 41:985, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Delitala G: Dopamine and TSH secretion in man. Lancet 2:760, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Refetoff S, Fang VS, Rapoport B, et al: Interrelationships in the regulation of TSH and prolactin secretion in man. Effects of L-Dopa, TRH and thyroid hormone in various combinations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 38:450, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Scanlon MF, Weightman, DR, Mora B, et al: Evidence for dopaminergic control of thyrotropin secretion in man. Lancet 2:421, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Felt V, Nedvidkova J: Effect of bromocryptine on the secretion of thyrotropic hormone (TSH), prolactin (Pr), human growth hormone (HGH), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in hypothyroidism, Horm Metab Res 9:274, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Scanlon MF, Weightman DR, Shale DJ, et al: Dopamine is a physiological regulation of thyrotrophin (TSH) secretion in normal man. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 10:7, 1979.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Scanlon MF, Chan V, Heath M, et al: Dopaminergic control of thyrotropin, a-subunit, thyrotropin (β-subunit, and prolactin in euthyroidism and hypothyroidism: Dissociated responses to dopamine receptor blockade with metoclopramide in hypothyroid subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 53:360, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Siler TM, Yen SSC, Vale W, et al: Inhibition by somatostatin on the release of TSH induced in man by thyrotropin-releasing factor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 38:742, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Porter BA, Refetoff S, Rosenfield RL, et al: Abnormal thyroxine metabolism in hyposomatotrophic dwarfism and inhibition of responsiveness to TRH during GH therapy. Pediatrics 51:668, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Lippe BM, VanHerle AJ, LaFranchi SH, et al: Reversible hypothyroidism in growth hormone-deficient children treated with human growth hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 40:612, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. McLaren EH, Hendriks S, Pimstone BL: Thyrotropin responses to intravenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with hypothalamic and pituitary disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 3:113, 1974.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Guillemin R: Peptides in the brain: The new endocrinology of the neuron. Science 202:390, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Schally AV: Aspects of hypothalamic regulation of the pituitary gland: Its implications for the control of reproductive processes. Science 202:18, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Nair RMG, Barrett JF, Bowers CY et al: Structure of porcine thyrotropin releasing hormone. Biochemistry 9:1103, 1970.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Burgus R, Dunn TF, Desiderio D, et al: Characterization of ovine hypothalamic hypophysiotropic TSH-releasing factor. Nature (Lond) 226:321, 1970.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Johansson O, Hokfelt T: Thyrotropin releasing hormone, somatostatin, and enkephalin: distribution studies using immunohistochemical techniques. J Histochem Cytochem 28:364, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Jackson IMD, Reichlin S: Brain thyrotropin-releasing hormone is independent of the hypothalamus. Nature (Lord) 267:853, 1977.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Jackson IMD, Reichlin S: Distribution and biosynthesis of TRH in the nervous system. In Collu R, Barbeau A, Ducharme JR, Rochefort JG (eds): Central Nervous System Effects of Hypothalamic Hormones and Other Peptides. Raven Press, New York, 1979, p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Hokfelt T, Lundberg JM, Schultzberg M, et al: Co-existence of peptides and putative transmitters in neurons. In Costa E, Trabucchi M (eds): Neural Peptides and Neuronal Communication. Raven Press, New York, 1980, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Koch Y, Okon E: Localization of releasing hormones in the human brain. Int Rev Exp Pathol 19:45, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ogawa N, Yamawaki Y, Kuroda H, et al: Discrete regional distribution of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor binding in monkey central nervous system. Brain Res 205:169, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Martino E, Nardi M, Vaudagna G, et al: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone-like material in human retina. J Endocrinol Invest 3:267, 1980.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Kastin AJ, Ehrensing RH, Schalach DS, et al: Improvement in mental depression with decreased thyrotropin response after administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Lancet 2:740, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Spindel ER, Wurtman RJ, Bird ED: Increased TRH content of the basal ganglia in Huntington’s disease. N Engl J Med 303:1235, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Faden AI, Jacobs TP, Holaday JW: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone improves neurologic recovery after spinal trauma in cats. N Engl J Med 305:1063, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Yarbrough GG: On the neuropharmacology of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). Prog Neurobiol 12:291, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Hokfelt T, Puxe K, Johansson O, et al: Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)-containing nerve terminals in certain brain stem nuclei and in the spinal cord. Neurosci Lett 1:133, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Maeda K, Frohman LA: Release of somatostatin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone from rat hypothalamic fragments in vitro. Endocrinology 106:1837, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Cooper JR, Bloom FE, Roth RH (eds): The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, New York, 1978, p. 259.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Matsui T, Prasad C, Peterkofsky A: Metabolism of thyrotropin releasing hormone in brain extracts. J Biol Chem 254:2439, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Yanagisawa T, Prasad C, Peterkofsky A: The subcellular and organ distribution and natural form of histidylproline diketopiperazine in rat brain determined by a specific radioimmunoassay. J Biol Chem 255:10290, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Gershengorn MC: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Mol Cell Biochem 45:163, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Kolesnick RN, Gershengorn MC: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and the pituitary. Am J Med 79:729, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Albert PR, Tashjian AH Jr: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced spike and plateau in cystosolic-free Ca2+ concentrations in pituitary cells. J Biol Chem 259:5827, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Snowdowne KW, Borle AB: Changes in cystosolic ionized calcium induced by activators of secretion in GH3 cells. Am J Physiol 246:E198, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Kruskal BA, Keith CH, Maxfield FR: TRH-induced changes in intracellular [Ca2+] measured by microspectrofluorometry on individual Quin 2-loaded cells. J Cell Biol 99:1167, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Gershengorn MC, Thaw C: Calcium influx is not required for TRH to elevate free cytoplasmic calcium in GH3 cells. Endocrinology 113:1522, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Geras E, Rebecchi MJ, Gershengorn MC: Evidence that stimulation of thyrotropin and prolactin secretion by thyrotropin-releasing hormone occur via different calcium-mediated mechanisms: studies with verapamil. Endocrinology 110:901, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Berridge MJ: Inositol trisphosphate and diacyglycerol as second messengers. Biochem J 220:345, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Martin TFJ: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone rapidly activates the phosphodiester hydrolysis of polyphosphoinositides in GH3 pituitary cells. J Biol Chem 258:14816, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Reichlin S, Martin JB, Jackson IMD: Regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion. In Jeffcoate SL, Hutchinson JSM (eds): The Endocrine Hypothalamus. Academic Press, New York, 1978, p. 229.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Hershman JM: Clinical application of thyrotropin-releasing hormone. N Engl J Med 290:886, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Snyder PJ, Utiger RD: Response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in normal man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 34:380, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Burger HG, Patel YC: Thyrotropin releasing hormone-TSH. Clin Endocrinol Metab 6:83, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Gold PW, Goodwin FK, Wehr T, et al: Pituitary thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in affective illness: relationship to spinal fluid amine metabolites. Am J Psychiatry 134:1028, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Harris AC, Christianson D, Smith MS, et al: The physiological role of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin secretion in the rat. J Clin Invest 61:441, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Yamaji T: Modulation of prolactin release by altered levels of thyroid hormone. Metabolism 23:745, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Irie M, Tsushima T: Increase of serum growth hormone concentration following thyrotropin-releasing hormone injection in patients with acromegaly or gigantism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 35:97, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Krieger DT, Condon EM: Cyproheptadine treatment of Nelson’s syndrome: Restoration of plasma ACTH circadian periodicity and reversal of response to TRF. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 46:349, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Hershman JM, Pittman JA Jr: Response to synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 31:457, 1970.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Haigler ED Jr., Pittman JA Jr., Hershman JM, et al: Direct evaluation of pituitary thyrotropin reserve utilizing synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 33:573, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Lawton NF, Ekins RP, Nabarro JDN: Failure of pituitary response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in euthyroid Graves’ disease. Lancet 2:14, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Chopra IJ, Chopra U, Orgiazzi J: Abnormalities of hypothalamo-hypophyseal thyroid axis in patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 37:955, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Chopra IJ, Chopra U, Vanderlaan WP, et al: Comparison of serum prolactin and thyrotropin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 38:683, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Hall R, Besser GM, Ormston BJ, et al: The thyrotrophin-releasing hormone test in disease of the pituitary and hypothalamus. Lancet 1:759, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Brown J, Chopra IJ, Cornell JS: Thyroid physiology in health and disease. Ann Intern Med 81:68, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Lamberg BA, Pelkomen R, Aro A, et al: Thyroid function in acromegaly before and after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy followed by cryoapplication. Acta Endocrinol (Oxf) 82:254, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Hoffman DL, Baker BL: Effect of treatment with growth hormone on somatostatin in the median eminence of hypophysectomized rats. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 156:265, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Sheppard MC, Kronheim S, Pimstone BL: Stimulation by growth hormone of somatostatin release from the rat hypothalamus in vitro. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 9:583, 1978.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Cobb WE, Reichlin S, Jackson I: Growth hormone secretory status is a determinant of the thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in euthyroid patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 52:324, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Otsuki M, Dakoda M, Baba S: Influence of glucocorticoids on TRH induced TSH response in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 36:95, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Furlong FW, Brown GM, Beeching MF: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone: Differential antidepressant and endocrinological effects. Am J Psychiatry 133:1187, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Maeda K, Kato Y, Ohgo S, et al: Growth hormone and prolactin release after injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with depression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 40:501, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Spratt DI, Pont A, Miller MB, et al: Hyperthyroxinemia in patients with acute psychiatric disorders. Am J Med 73:41, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Quint AR, Kaiser FE: Gonadotropin determinations and thyrotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone testing in critically ill postmenopausal women with hypothyroxinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 60:464, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Kaptein EM, Grieb DA, Spencer CA, et al: Thyroxine metabolism in the low thyroxine state of critical nonthyroidal illnesses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 53:764, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Wood DG, Samols E: Impaired TSH secretion with decreased free T4 in nonthyroidal illness (NTI). Clin Res 30:494A, 1982. (Abs.)

    Google Scholar 

  84. Vierhapper H, Laggner A, Waldhausl W, et al: Impaired secretion of TSH in critically ill patients with “low T4 syndrome.” Acta Endocrinol (Oxf) 101:542, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Wehmann RE, Gregerman RI, Burns WH, et al: Suppression of thyrotropin in the low-thyroxine state of severe nonthyroidal illness. N Engl J Med 312:546, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Tibaldi JM, Surks MI: Animal models of nonthyroidal disease. Endocr Rev 6:87, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Harris RC, Fang SL, Azizi F, et al: Effect of starvation on hypothalamic-pituitary function in the rat. Metabolism 27:1074, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Campbell GA, Kurcz M, Marshall S, et al: Effects of starvation in rats on serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyrotropin, growth hormone and prolactin; response to LH-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Endocrinology 100:580, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Fleischer N, Lorente M, Kirkland J, et al: Synthetic thyrotropin-releasing factor as a test of pituitary thyrotropin reserve. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 34:617, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Hall R, Ormston BJ, Besser GM, et al: The thyrotropin-releasing hormone test in diseases of the pituitary and hypothalamus. Lancet 1:759, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Jackson, IMD: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone. N Engl J Med 306:145, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Ormston BJ, Garry R, Cryer RJ, et al: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone as a thyroid-function test. Lancet 2:10, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Pittman JA Jr, Haigler ED Jr, Hershman JM, et al: Hypothalamic hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med 285:844, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Costom BH, Grumbach MM, Kaplan SL: Effect of thyrotropin-releasing factor on serum thyroid-stimulating hormone: An approach to distinguishing hypothalamic from pituitary forms of idiopathic hypopituitary dwarfism. J Clin Invest 50:2219, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Muller EE, Salerno F, Cocchi D, et al: Interaction between the thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced growth hormone rise and dopaminergic drugs: Studies in pathologic conditions of the animal and man. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 11:645, 1979.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Morley JE: Extrahypothalamic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)-Its distribution and its functions. Life Sci 25:1539, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Prange AJ Jr, Nemeroff CB, Loosen PT, et al: Behavioral effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in animals and man: A review. In Collu R, Barbeau A, Ducharme JR, Rochefort J-G (eds): Central Nervous System Effects of Hypothalamic Hormones and Other Peptides. Raven Press, New York 1979, p. 75.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Brown M, Rivier J, Vale W: Actions of bombesin, thyrotropin releasing factor, prostaglandin E2 and naloxone on thermoregulation in the rat. Life Sci 20:1681, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Peterkofsky A, Battaini A: The biological activities of the neuropeptide histidylproline diketopiperazine. Neuropeptides 1:105, 1980.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Dolva LO, Hanssen KF, Berstad A, et al: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone inhibits the pentagastrin stimulated gastric secretion in man-a dose response study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 10:281, 1979.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Dolva LO, Hanssen KF, Frey HMM: Actions of thyrotropin releasing hormone on gastrointestinal function in man. Inhibition of glucose and xylose from the gut. Scand J Gastroenterol 13:599, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Morley JE, Levin SR, Pehlevanian M, et al: The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on the endocrine pancreas. Endocrinology 104:137, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Sobue I, Yamamoto H, Konagaya M, et al: Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on ataxia of spinocerebellar degeneration. Lancet 1:418, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Samaan NA, Beceiro JR, Stratton Hill C Jr, et al: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) studies in patients with thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 35:438, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Beck-Peccoz P, Amr S, Menezes-Ferreira M, et al: Decreased receptor binding of biologically inactive thyrotropin in central hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med 312:1085, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Weintraub BD, Gershengorn MC, Kourides IA, et al: Inappropriate secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Ann Intern Med 95:339, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Hamilton CR Jr, Maloof F: Acromegaly and toxic goiter: Cure of hyperthyroidism and acromegaly by proton-beam partial hypophysectomy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 35:659, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Kourides IA, Weintraub BD, Rosen SW, et al: Secretion of alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormones by pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 43:97, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Lamberg BA, Pekonen F, Gordin A: TSH-induced hyperthyroidism and acromegaly due to pituitary tumor. Ann Endocrinol 39:14A, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Reichlin S, Anatomical and Physiological Basis of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation. In Post KD, Jackson IM, Reichlin S (eds): The Pituitary Adenoma ,Plenum Press, New York 1980, pp. 3–28.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Plenum Publishing Corporation

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kannan, C.R. (1987). Thyrotropin and Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone. In: The Pituitary Gland. Clinical Surveys in Endocrinology, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1849-1_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1849-1_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9032-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1849-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics