Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Second-Generation Antidepressants

  • Chapter
Handbook of Psychopharmacology

Abstract

Drug therapy for depression was introduced in the 1950s. Two distinct chemical classes—hydrazines and dibenzazepines—were originally found useful for the treatment of this disorder. The hydrazines are relatively potent inhibitors of a variety of enzymes, including monoamine oxidase (MAO), which participates in the metabolism of catecholamines and serotonin. The dibenzazepines inhibit the neuronal reaccumulation of monoamines, and in particular, norepinephrine and serotonin. Both groups elevate mood in individuals suffering from endogenous depression, a disorder that, up to that time, could only be effectively reversed with shock therapy. This discovery revolutionized the treatment of affective illness and contributed significantly to the establishment of psychopharmacology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Amin, M., Brahm, E., Bronheim, L. A., Klinger, A., Ban, T. A., and Lehmann, H. E., 1973, A double blind comparative trial with Ludiomil (CIBA 34 276Ba) and amitriptyline in newly admitted depressed patients, Curr. Ther. Res. 15: 691–699.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ananth, J., and Van Den Steen, N., 1978, A double blind controlled comparative study of nomifensine in depression, Curr. Ther. Res. 23: 213–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldessarini, R. J., 1975, The basis for amine hypotheses in affective disorders: A critical evaluation, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 32: 1087–1093.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bickel, M., 1980 Antiulcer effects of nomifensine, a new antidepressant, on stress-induced ulcers in the rat, Arzneim-Forsch. Drug Res. 30: 69–73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blackwell, B., 1981, Adverse effects of antidepressant drugs, Drugs 21: 273–282.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blavet, N., and DeFeudis, F. V., 1982, Inhibition of food intake in the rat, Neurochem. Res. 7: 339–348.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bourin, M., Poncelet, J., Chermat, R., and Simon, P., 1983, The value of the reserpine test in psychopharmacology, Arzneim-Forsch. Drug Res. 33: 1173–1176.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caccia, S., Balabio, M., Samanin, R., Zanini, M. G., and Garattini, S., 1981, (O)-m-Chlorophenylpiperazine, a central 5-hydroxytryptamine agonist, is a metabolite of trazodone, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 33:477–478.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cecchini, S., Petri, P., Ardito, R., Bareggi, S. R., and Toreiti, A., 1978, A comparative double-blind trial of the new antidepressant caroxazone and amitriptyline, J. Int. Med. Res. 6: 388–402.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, M. S. G., Johnson, A. M., McClelland, G. R., and Nelson, D. R., 1980, Pharmacological and biochemical properties of BRL 14342, a novel antidepressant drug, Neuropharmacology 19: 1207–1208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Constantinidis, J., Dick, P., and Tissot, R., 1981, Antidepressants and serotonin neurons of the raphe, Neuropsychobiology 7: 113–121.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coopen, A., Ramma Rao, V. A., Swade, C., and Wood, K., 1979, Zimelidine: A therapeutic and pharmacokinetic study in depression, Psychopharmacology 63: 199–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, B. R., Howard, J. L., and Soroko, F. E., 1983, Animal models used in prediction of antidepressant effects in man, J. Clin. Psychiatry 44 (5): 63–66.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Costa, E., and Sandler, M. (eds.), 1972 Monoamine Oxidases—New Vistas. Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology, Vol. 5, Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawley, J. N., 1984, Evaluation of a proposed hamster separation model of depression, Psychiatr. Res. 11: 35–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Creese, I. (ed.), 1983, Stimulants: Neurochemical, Behavioral and Clinical Perspectives, Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuomo, V., Cagiano, R., Brunello, N., Fumagalli, R., and Racagni, G., 1983, Behavioural changes after acute and chronic administration of typical and atypical antidepressants in rats: Interaction with reserpine, Neurosci. Lett. 40: 315–319.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Montigny, C., 1981, Enchancement of the 5-HT neurotransmission by antidepressant treatments, J. Psychol. (Paris) 77: 455–461.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denber, H. C. B., 1975, Pharmacotherapy of depression, in: Psychopharmacological Treatment—Therapy and Practice (H. C. B. Denber, ed.), Dekker, New York, pp. 121–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enna, S. J., 1986, In vitro receptor modifications as a measure of antidepressant potential, in: Receptor Binding in Drug Research (R.A. O’Brien, ed.), Dekker, New York, pp. 409–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enna, S. J., and Karbon, E. W., 1986, Gaba receptors: An overview, in: Benzodiazepine/ GABA Receptors, Chloride Channels (R. W. Olsen and J. C. Venter, eds.), Liss, New York, pp. 41–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enna, S. J., and Kendall, D. A., 1981, Interaction of antidepressants with brain neuro-transmitter receptors, J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 1: 12–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enna, S. J., Mann, E., Kendall, D. A., and Stancel, G. M., 1981, Effect of chronic antidepressant administration on brain neurotransmitter receptor binding, in: Antidepressants: Neurochemical, Behavioral and Clinical Perspectives (S.J. Enna, J. B. Malick, and E. Richelson, eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 91–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fabre, L. F., McLendon, G. M., and Gainey, A., 1977, Double-blind placebo-controlled comparison of Amoxapine and Imipramine in depressed out-patients, Curr. Ther. Res. 22: 611–619.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feighner, J., 1980, Trazodone, a triazolopyridine derivative in primary depression, J. Clin. Psychiatry 41: 250–255.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feighner, J. P., 1981, Clinical efficacy of the newer antidepressants, J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 1: 23–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fludder, J. M., and Leonard, B. E., 1979, The effects of amitriptyline, mianserin, phenoxybenzamine and propranolol on the release of noradrenaline in the rat brain in vivo, Biochem. Pharmacol. 28: 2333–2336.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, E., Cooper, T. B., and Dallob, A., 1983, Effects of chronic antidepressant treat–ment on serotonin receptor activity in mice, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 89: 69–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuller, R. W., 1978, Selectivity among monoamine oxidase inhibitors and its possible importance for development of antidepressant drugs, Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. 2: 303–311.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuller, R. W., 1981, Enchancement of monoaminergic neurotransmission by antidepres–sant drugs, in: Antidepressants: Neurochemical, Behavioral and Clinical Perspectives (S. J. Enna, J. B. Malick, and E. Richelson, eds.), Raven Perss, New York, pp. 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuller, R. W., Snoddy, H. D., and Perry, K. W., 1979, Nisoxetine antagonism of norepinephrine depletion in brain and heart after α-methyl-m-tyrosine administration, Neuropharmacology 18: 767–770.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuxe, K., Oregen, S. O., Agnati, L. F., Eneroth, P., Holm, A. C., and Andersson, K., 1981, Long-term treatment with zimelidine leads to a reduction in 5-hydroxytryptamine neurotransmission within the central nervous system of the mouse and rat, Neurosci. Lett. 21: 57–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garzon, J., Fuentes, J. A., and Del Rio, J., 1979, anddepressants selecdvely antagonize the hyperactivity induced in rats by long-term isolation, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 59: 293–296.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gold, R., Morgenstern, R., and Fink, H., 1980, Effects of atypical antidepressants on LSD potentiated apomorphine hypermotility in rats, Acta Biol. Med. Germ. 39: 917–921.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halaris, A. E., Sctern, W., and Haeto-Truax, M. S., 1981, Clinical efficacy of the new antidepressant bupropion (Wellbutrin), Psychopharmacol. Bull. 17: 140–142.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herman, Z. S., Plech, A., Blien, E., and Jez, W. W., 1981, Effects of cholinomimetics, cholinolytics and atypical antidepressants in the behavioral despair test in the rat, Pol. J. Pharamcol. 33: 485–489.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hester, J. B., Rudzik, S. D., and Kamdar, B. V., 1971, 6-Phenyl-4H-s-trizolo (4,3a) (1,4) benzodiazepines which have central nervous system antidepressant activity, J. Med. Chem. 14:1078–1081.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, J. T., 1965, Iprindole, a new antidepressant for use in general office practice: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Ill. Med. J. 128: 622–626.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hyttel, J., 1982, Citalopram—Pharmacological profile of a specific serotonin uptake inhibitor with antidepressant activity, Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 6: 277–295.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Itil, T. M., 1983, The discovery of antidepressant drugs by computer-analyzed human cerebral bio-electricalpotentials (CEEG), Prog. Neurobiol. 20: 185–249.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Itil, T. M., Polvan, N., and Hsu, W., 1972, Clinical and EEG effects of GB-94: A tetracyclic antidepressant, Curr. Ther. Res. 14: 395–413.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, B. L., 1976, An animal behavior model for studying central serotonergic synapses, Life Sci. 19: 777–786.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jancsar, S. M., and Leonard, B. E., 1983, Behavioral and neurochemical interactions between chronic reserpine and chronic antidepressants, Biochem. Pharmacol. 10:1569–1571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R. W., Tallman, J. F., Squires, R., and Yamamura, H. I., 1983, Benzodiazepine receptor heterogeneity and regulation, in: Anxiolytics: Neurochemical, Behavioral and Clinical Perspectives, Raven Press, New York, pp. 93–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, C. N., Howard, J. L., and McBennett, S. T., 1980, Stimulus properties of antidepressants in the rat, Psychopharmacology 67: 111–118.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kametani, H., Nomura, S., and Shimizu, J., 1983, The reversal effect of antidepressants on the escape deficit induced by inescapable shock in rats, Psychopharmacology 80: 206–208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, R. J., and Sibel, M., 1982, Animal models of depression: Tests of three structurally and pharmacologically novel antidepressant compounds, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 17: 461–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaumeier, S., Dohren, J., and Flach, D., 1977, WA 335 (Danitracen): A preliminary eval–uation of a potential antidepressant compound. A comparative double-blind study with WA 335 and amitriptyline in the treatment of depressive patients, Curr. Ther. Res. 21: 108–113.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kendall, D. A., Taylor, D. P., and Enna, S. J., 1983, 3H-Tetrahydrotrazodone binding: Association with serotonin, binding sites, Mol. Pharmacol. 23:594–599.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knobloch, L. C., Goldstein, J. M., and Malick, J. B., 1982, Effects of acute and subacute antidepressant treatment on kindled seizures in rats, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 17: 461–465.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langer, S. Z., Raisman, R., and Briley, M., 1981, High-affinity 3H-DMI binding is associated with neuronal noradrenaline uptake in the periphery and the central nervous system, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 72: 423–424.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C., Javitch, J. A., and Snyder, S. H., 1982, Characterization of 3H-desipramine binding associated with neuronal norepinephrine uptake sites in rat brain membranes, J. Neurosci. 2: 1515–1525.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leonard, B. E., 1984, Pharmacology of new antidepressants, Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 8: 97–108.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magnus, R. V., 1975, A placebo-controlled trial of Viloxazine with or without tranquillisers in depressive illness, J. Int. Med. Res. 3: 207–215.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maier, S. F., 1983, Learned helplessness, depression, analgesia, and endogenous opiates, Psychopharmacol. Bull. 19: 531–536.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maj, J., Rogoz, Z., Skuza, G., and Sowinska, H., 1982a, Effects of chronic treatment with antidepressants on aggressiveness induced by clonidine in mice, J. Neural Trans. 55: 19–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maj, V., Rogoz, Z., and Skuza, G., 1982b, Fluvoxamine, a new antidepressant drug, fails to show antiserotonin activity, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 81: 287–292.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maj, J., Rogoz, Z., Skuza, G., and Sowinska, H., 1983, Reserpine-induced locomotor stimulation in mice chronically treated with typical and atypical antidepressants, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 87: 469–474.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malick, J. B., 1981, Yohimbine potentiation as a predictor of antidepressant action, in: Antidepressants: Neurochemical, Behavioral, and Clinical Perspectives (S.J. Enna, J. B. Malick, and E. Richelson eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 141–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meignen, J., Grognet, A., Deniard, M. J., Dalphrase, F., Roux, E., and Defeudis, F. C., 1982, Pharmacological comparison of potential antidepressant UP 614–04 with viloxazine and imipramine; behavioral studies, Gen. Pharmacol. 13: 381–391.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melzacka, M., Rurak, A., and Vetulani, J., 1980, Preliminary study of the biotransformation of two new drugs, trazodone and etoperidone, Pol. J. Pharmacol. Pharm. 32: 551–556.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mielke, D. H., and Gallant, D. M., 1978, A controlled evaluation of a pyrrolidine derivative (AHR-1118) versus imipramine, Curr. Ther. Res. 24: 734–737.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D. B., and Miller, L. L., 1983, Buproprion, d-amphetamine, and amitriptyline- induced conditioned taste aversion in rats: Dose effects, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 18: 737–740.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mior, D. C., Cornwell, W. B., Dingwall-Fordyce, I., Crooks, J., O’malley, K., Turnbull, M. J., and Weir, R. D., 1972, Cardiotoxicity of amitriptyline, Lancet 2: 561–564.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moretti, A., Pegrassi, L., Glasser, A. H., and Suchowsky, G., 1974, Effetto del Caroxazone, nuovo farmaco antidepressivo, sulle mono-amino-cerebrali, Boll. Chimico Farmaceutico 113: 36–42.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moretti, A., Caccia, C., Calderini, G., Menozzi, M., and Amico, A., 1981, Studies on the mechanism of action of caroxazone, a new antidepressant drug, Biochem. Pharmacol. 30: 2728–2731.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morselli, P. L., and Lloyd, K. G. (eds.), 1986, GABA and Mood Disorders, Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, D. L., Lipper, S., Campbell, I. C., Major, L. F., Slater, S. L., and Buchsbaum, M., 1979, Comparative studies of MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors in man, in: Monoamine Oxidase: Structure, Function, and Altered Functions (T. P. Singer, R. W. VanKorff, and D. L. Murphy, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 457–475.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obermeir, W., and Poldinger, W., 1977, Doppelblindvergleich der Wirkungen eines neuen trizyklischen Antidepressivums (Lofepramin) und eines tetrazyklischen Antide- pressivums (Maprotilin), Int. Pharmacopsychiat. 12: 65–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell, J. M., and Seiden, L. S., 1982, Effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors on performance during differential reinforcement of low response rate, Psychopharmacology 78: 214–218.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell, J. M., and Seiden, L. S., 1983, Differential reinforcement of low rate 72-second schedule: Selective effects of antidepressant drugs, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 224: 80–88.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palkovits, M., Raisman, R., Briley, M., and Langer, S., 1981, Regional distribudon of 3H- imipramine binding in rat brain, Brain Res. 210: 493–498.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peroutka, S. J., and Snyder, S. H., 1981, Interactions of antidepressants with neurotransmitter receptor sites, in: Antidepressants: Neurochemical, Behavioral, and Clinical Perspectives (S.J. Enna, J. B. Malick, and E. Richelson, eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 75–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porsolt, R. D., Anton, G., Blavet, N., and Jalfre, M., 1978, Behavioral despair: A new model sensitive to antidepressant treatments, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 47: 379–391.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puech, A. J., Chermat, R., Poncelet, M., Doare, L., and Simon, P., 1981, Antagonism of hypothermia and behavioral response to apomorphine: A simple, rapid, and discriminating test for screening antidepressants and neuroleptics, Psychopharmacology 75: 84–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raiteri, M., Angelini, F., and Bertollini, A., 1976, Comparative study of the effects of mianserin, a tetracyclic antidepressant, and of imipramine on uptake and release of neurotransmitters in synaptosomes, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 28: 483–488.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richelson, E., 1984, The new antidepressants: Structures, pharmacokinetics, and pro–posed mechanisms of action, Psychopharmacol. Bull. 2: 213–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogoz, Z., Skuza, G., and Sowinska, H., 1981, Effects of antihistaminic drugs in tests for antidepressant action, Pol. J. Pharmacol. 33: 321–335.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saletu, B., 1982, Pharmaco-EEG profiles of typical and atypical antidepressants, in: Typical and Atypical Antidepressants: Clinical Practice (E. Costa and G. Racagni, eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 257–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saletu, B., Kreiger, P., Grunberger, J., Schanda, H., and Sletten, I., 1977, Tandamine— A new norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor, Int. Pharmacopsychiat. 12: 137–152.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schatzberg, A., and Cole, J., 1978, Benzodiazepines in depressive disorders, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 35: 1359–1365.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schildkraut, J. J., 1978, Current studies of the catecholamine hypothesis of the affective disorders, in: Psychopharmacology: A Generation of Progress (M. S. Lipton, A. DiMascio, and K. Killam, eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 1223–1234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, A. D., Sacquitne, J. L., and Petty, F., 1982, Specificity of the learned helplessness model of depression, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 16: 449–454.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shopsin, B., Cassano, G. B., and Confi, L., 1981, An overview of new “second generation” antidepressant compounds: Research and treatment implications, in: Antidepressants: Neurochemical, Behavioral, and Clinical Perspectives (S. J. Enna, J. B. Malick, and E. Richelson, eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 219–251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjogren, C., 1980, The pharmacological profile of lofepramine, a new antidepressant drug, Neuropharmacology 19: 1213–1214.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spyraki, C., and Fibiger, H. C., 1981, Intravenous self-administration of nomifensine in rats: Implications for abuse potential in humans, Science 212: 1167–1168.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugrue, M. F., 1980a, Effects of acutely and chronically administered desipramine and mianserin on the clonidine-induced decrease in rat brain 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphen- ylethyleneglycol sulphate content, Br. J. Pharmacol. 69: 299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugrue, M. F., 1980b, Changes in rat brain monoamine turnover following chronic anti-depressant administration, Life Sci. 26:423–429.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugrue, M. F., 1981, Chronic antidepressant administration and adaptive changes in central monoaminergic systems, in: Antidepressants: Neurochemical, Behavioral, and Clinical Perspectives (S. J. Enna, J. B. Malick, and E. Richelson, eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 13–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sulser, F., 1978, Functional aspects of the norepinephrine receptor coupled adenylate cyclase system in the limbic forebrain and its modification by drugs which precipitate or alleviate depression: molecular approaches to our understanding of affective disorder, Pharmakopsychiatr. Neuropsychopharmakol. 11: 43–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Telner, J. I., and Singhal, R. H., 1981, Effects of nortriptyline treatment on learned help–lessness in the rat, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 14: 823–826.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Usdin, E., 1978, Classification of psychotropic drugs, in: Principles of Psychopharmacology, 2nd ed. (W. G. Clark and J. del Guidice, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 193–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Dijk, J., Hartog, J., and Hillen, F. C., 1978, Nontricyclic antidepressants, Prog. Med. Chem. 15: 262–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vetulani, J., Schwartz, R. J., Dingell, J. V., and Sulser, F., 1976, A possible common mechanism of action of antidepressant treatments, Naunyn-Schmiedbergs Arch. Pharmacol. 293: 109–114.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, J., and Denber, H., 1978, Clinical trial of fluvoxamine; a new serotonergic antidepressant, Curr. Ther. Res. 23: 83–89.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nova Pharmaceutical Corporation, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA

    S. J. Enna

  2. Central Nervous System Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Development Division, Bristol-Myers Company, Wallingford, Connecticut, 06429, USA

    Michael S. Eison

Authors
  1. S. J. Enna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael S. Eison
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, USA

    Leslie L. Iversen  & Susan D. Iversen  & 

  2. Departments of Neuroscience, Pharmacology, and Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA

    Solomon H. Snyder

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Enna, S.J., Eison, M.S. (1987). Second-Generation Antidepressants. In: Iversen, L.L., Iversen, S.D., Snyder, S.H. (eds) Handbook of Psychopharmacology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1819-4_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1819-4_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9017-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1819-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation