Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Spin-Spin Coupling

  • Chapter
Multinuclear NMR

Abstract

In most routine applications of NMR only the magnitude of the isotropic average of the coupling constant appears, and this merely as spacings in symmetric multiplet patterns. However, the additional information which comes from the sign of the isotropic average coupling constant and the anisotropy of the coupling tensor is of even greater use as a diagnostic parameter and as an index of the chemical bond. We consider the general empirical patterns in coupling constants which have been very useful in structural applications, taking a global (i.e., entire periodic table) view and giving many examples of each general trend. Because the dependences on structural factors and bond parameters are more easily sorted out in one-bond coupling constants, we have used these to illustrate the dependence on atomic s densities, coordination number, oxidation state, formal hybridization, and electronegativity of substituents on the coupled nuclei, factors which affect the magnitude of coupling constants over any number of bonds. In addition, general trends involving geometric factors (e.g., bond angles) and stereospecificity of one-bond, two-bond, and three-bond couplings are discussed. The theoretical interpretation follows, with a comparative overview of the different computational schemes. Approximate models are used to explain the empirical trends where appropriate. Since a large volume of data has become available for the heavier nuclei, for which relativistic effects cannot be neglected, we quote results of relativistic calculations as well.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ramsey, N. F. Phys. Rev. 1953, 91, 303–307.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Blinder, S. M. In Advances in Quantum Chemistry, Lowdin, P. O., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1965; Vol. 2, pp. 47–91.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Buckingham, A. D.; Love, I. J. Magn. Reson. 1970, 2, 338–351.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Buckingham, A. D.; Pyykkö, P.; Robert, J. B.; Wiesenfeld, L. Mol. Phys. 1982, 46, 177–182.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Pople, J. A.; Santry, D. P. Mol. Phys. 1964, 8, 1–18.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. McFarlane, W.; Rycroft, D. S. Ann. Rep. NMR Spectrosc. 1979, 9, 319–414.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Emsley, J. W.; Lindon, J. C. NMR Spectroscopy Using Liquid Crystal Solvents, Pergamon: Oxford, 1975; Chap. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Diehl, P.; Jokisaari, J.; Amrein, J.; Väänänen, T.; Pyykkö, P. J. Magn. Reson. 1982, 48, 495–502.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Jokisaari, J.; Raisanen, K.; Kuonanoja, J.; Pyykkö, P.; Lajunen, L. Mol. Phys. 1980, 39, 715–723.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Jokisaari, J.; Raisanen, K.; Lajunen, L.; Passoja, A.; Pyykkö, P. J. Magn. Reson. 1978, 31, 121–132.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cogne, A.; Grand, A.; Laugier, J.; Robert, J. B.; Wiesenfeld, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 2238–2242.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Jenkins, W. B.; McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1977, 922–923.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Pyykkö, P.; Wiesenfeld, L. Mol. Phys. 1981, 43, 557–580.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Code, R. F.; Ramsey, N. F. Phys. Rev. A 1971, 4, 1945–1959.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Albrand, J. P.; Gagnaire, D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1970, 874–875.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Buckingham, A. D.; McLauchlan, K. A. Proc. Chem. Soc., London 1963, 144.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Buckingham, A. D.; McLauchlan, K. A. Prog. NMR Spectrosc. 1967, 2, 63–109.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Zumbulyadis, N.; Dailey, B. P. Mol. Phys. 1974, 27, 633–640.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Shimizu, H. J. Chem. Phys. 1964, 40, 3357–3364.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Anderson, J. M. Mol. Phys. 1964, 8, 505–511.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Mackor, E. L.; MacLean, C. J. Chem. Phys. 1966, 44, 64–69.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Barfield, M.; Johnston, Jr., M. D. Chem. Rev. 1973, 73, 53–73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. McFarlane, W. Ann. Rep. NMR Spectrosc. 1972, 5A, 353–393.

    Google Scholar 

  24. McFarlane, W. Q. Rev. Chem. Soc. 1969, 23, 187–203.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Cohen, A. D.; Freeman, R.; McLauchlan, K. A.; Whiffen, D. H. Mol. Phys. 1963, 7, 45–56.

    Google Scholar 

  26. McFarlane, W. Ann. Rep. NMR Spectrosc. 1968, 1, 135–163.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Hoffman, R. A.; Forsen, S. Prog. NMR Spectrosc. 1966, 1, 15–204.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Berkhoudt, T.; Jakobsen, H. J. Magn. Reson. 1982, 50, 323–327.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hansen, P. E.; Berg, A.; Jakobsen, H. J.; Manzara, A. P.; Michl, J. Org. Magn. Reson. 1977, 10, 179–187.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Finkelmeier, H.; Luttke, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 6261–6262.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Pomerantz, M.; Fink, R.; Gray, G. A. J. Am. Chem. 1976, 98, 291–292.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Deila, E. W.; Patney, H. K. Aust. J. Chem. 1979, 32, 2243–2248.

    Google Scholar 

  33. McFarlane, W.; Nash, J. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1969, 127–128.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Mavel, G. Annu. Rep. NMR Spectrosc. 1973, 5B, 1–441.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Erickson, L. E.; Sarneski, J. E.; Reilley, C. N. Inorg. Chem. 1975, 14, 3007–3017.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Schultz, C. W.; Rudolph, R. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 1898–1903.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Tau, K. D.; Uriarte, R.; Mazanec, T. J.; Meek, D. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 6614–6619.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Hilton, J.; Sutcliffe, L. H. Prog. NMR Spectrosc. 1975, 10, 27–39.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Ewing, D. F. NMR Spec. Per. Rep. R.S.C. chapter on Applications of Spin-spin Coupling, 1980 -, especially volumes 9–11.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Buckingham, A. D.; Cordle, J. E. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 2, 1974, 70, 994–1004.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Mancini, M.; Bougeard, P.; Burns, R. C.; Mlekus, M.; Sayer, B. G.; Thompson, J. I. A.; McGlinchey, M. J. Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 1022.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Masters, A. F.; Bossard, G. E.; Georfe, T. A.; Brownlee, R. T. C.; O’Connor, M. J.; Wedd, A. G. Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 908.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Franklin, K. J.; Lock, C. J. L.; Sayer, B. G.; Schrobilgen, G. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 5303.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1967, 772–773.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Anderson, D. W. W.; Ebsworth, E. A. V.; Rankin, D. W. H. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1973, 2370–2373.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Hyde, E. M.; Kennedy, J. D.; Shaw, B. L.; McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1977, 1571–1576.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Kidd, R. G.; Goodfellow, R. J. In NMR and the Periodic Table, Harris, R. K.; Mann, B. E., Ed.; Academic Press: London, 1978; Chapter 8.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Mann, B. E.; Masters, C.; Shaw, B. L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1970, 1041.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Vancea, L.; Graham, W. A. G. J. Organomet. Chem. 1977, 134, 219–227.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Sebald, A.; Wrackmeyer, B.; Theocaris, C. R.; Jones, W. J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1984, 747.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Whipple, E. B.; Brown, T. H.; Farrar, T. C.; Coyle, T. D. J. Chem. Phys. 1965, 43, 1841–1842.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Fusstetter, H.; Noth, H.; Wrackmeyer, B.; McFarlane, W. Chem. Ber. 1977, 110, 3172–3182.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Hinton, J. F.; Briggs, R. W. In NMR and the Periodic Table, Harris, R. K.; Mann, B. E., Ed.; Academic Press: London, 1978; Chap. 9.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Buckingham, A. D.; McLauchlan, K. A. Proc. Chem. Soc., London 1963, 144.

    Google Scholar 

  55. McFarlane, W.; Rycroft, D. S. J. Organomet. Chem. 1974, 64, 303–305.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Danyluk, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 4504–4505.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc. A 1967, 1275–1276.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Pfisterer, G.; Dreeskamp, H. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 1969, 73, 654–661.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Schumann, C.; Dreeskamp, H. J. Magn. Reson. 1970, 3, 204–217.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Dreeskamp, H. Z. Naturforsch. A 1964, 19, 139–142.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Johannesen, R. B. J. Chem. Phys. 1968, 48, 1414–1415.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. McFarlane, W.; Dean, R. R. J. Chem. Soc. A 1968, 1535–1538.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Chuck, R. J.; Gillies, D. G.; Randall, E. W. Mol. Phys. 1969, 16, 121–130.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Lynden-Bell, R. M. Trans. Faraday Soc. 1961, 57, 888–892.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Manatt, S. L.; Juvinall, G. L.; Wagner, R. I.; Elleman, D. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 2689–2697.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Albrand, J. P.; Gagnaire, D.; Robert, J. P. Bull. Soc. Chim., Fr. 1968, 479–482.

    Google Scholar 

  67. McFarlane, W. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 1968, 306, 185–199.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Dreeskamp, H.; Elser, H.; Schumann, C. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 1966, 70, 751–755.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc. A 1967, 1148–1150.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Burnett, L. J.; Zeltmann, A. H. Chem. Phys. 1972, 56, 4695–4701.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Balimann, G.; Pregosin, P. S. Magn. Reson. 1977, 26, 283–289.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Olah, G. A.; Kiovsky, T. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 4666–672.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1967, 963–964.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Dreeskamp, H.; Pfisterer, G. Mol. Phys. 1968, 14, 295–297.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Rodger, C.; Sheppard, N.; McFarlane, C.; McFarlane, W. In NMR and the Periodic Table, Harris, R. K.; Mann, B. E., Ed.; Academic Press: London, 1978; Chapter 12.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Landolt-Börnstein Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaften und Technik, Neue Serie, Group II; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 1974; Vol. 6, pp. 2-398–2-401.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Lindman, B.; Forsen, S. In NMR Basic Principles and Progress, Diehl, P.; Fluck, E.; Kosfeld, R., Ed.; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 1976; Vol. 12, pp. 1–365.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Wehrli, F. W. Annu. Rep. NMR Spectrose. 1979, 9, 123–219.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Feeney, J.; Haque, R.; Reeves, L. W.; Yue, C. P. Can. J. Chem. 1968, 46, 1389–1398.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Andrew, E. R.; Hinshaw, W. S. Phys. Lett. A 1973, 43, 113–114.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Andrew, E. R.; Carolan, J. L.; Randall, P. J. Phys. Lett. 1971, 37a, 125–126.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Pregosin, P. S. Annu. Rep. NMR Spectrosc. 1981, 11A, 227–271.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Fumagalli, A.; Martinengo, S.; Chini, P.; Albinati, A.; Bruckner, S.; Heaton, B. T. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1978, 195–196.

    Google Scholar 

  84. van der Ploeg, A. F. M. H.; van Koten, G.; Brevard, C. Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21, 2878.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Gillespie, R. J.; Granger, P.; Morgan, K. R.; Schrobilgen, G. J. Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 887.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Albright, M. J.; Oliver, J. P. J. Organomet. Chem. 1979, 172, 99–107.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Sayer, B. G.; Thompson, J. I. A.; Nguyen, H.; Birchall, T.; Eaton, D. R.; McGlinchey, M. J. Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 3748–3750.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Iwayanagi, T.; Saito, Y. Chem. Lett. 1976, 1193–1196.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Dreeskamp, H.; Hildenbrand, K. Z. Naturforsch. A 1968, 23, 940–941.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Hildenbrand, K.; Dreeskamp, H. Z. Phys. Chem. (Frankfurt) 1970, 69, 171–182.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. McLauchlan, K. A.; Wiffen, D. H.; Reeves, L. W. Mol. Phys. 1966, 10, 131–140.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Anet, F. A. L.; Sudmeier, J. L. J. Magn. Reson. 1969, 1, 124–138.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Kennedy, J. D.; McFarlane, W.; Pyne, G. S.; Wrackmeyer, B. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1975, 386–390.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Mann, B. E.; Taylor, B. F. 13 C NMR Data for Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press: London, 1981, 336 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Kordize, A. A.; Kizas, O. A.; Astakhova, N. M.; Petrovskii, P. V.; Grishin, Y. K. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1981, 853–855.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Williams, E. A.; Cargioli, J. D. Annu. Rep. NMR Spectrosc. 1979, 9, 221–318.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Starzewski, K. A. O.; Pregosin, P. S. Adv. Chem. Ser. 1982, 196, 23–41.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Farrugia, L. J.; James, B. R.; Lassigne, C. R.; Wells, E. F.; Can. J. Chem. 1982, 60, 1304; Kretschmer, M.; Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. J. Organomet. Chem. 1983, 241, 87; Kretschmer, M.; Pregosin, P. S.; Garralda, M. Organomet. Chem. 1983, 244, 175.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Farrugia, L. J.; James, B. R.; Lassigne, C. R.; Wells, E. J. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1981, 53, L261–263.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Carr, S.; Colton, S.; Dakternieks, D. J. Organomet. Chem. 1982, 240, 143.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Goggin, P. L.; Goodfellow, R. J.; Knight, J. R.; Norton, M. G.; Taylor, B. F. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1973, 2220–2226.

    Google Scholar 

  102. McFarlane, W.; Rycroft, D. S. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1973, 336.

    Google Scholar 

  103. McFarlane, H. C. E.; McFarlane, W.; Rycroft, D. S. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1976, 1616–1622.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Colquhoun, I. J.; Grim, S. O.; McFarlane, W.; Mitchell, J. D.; Smith, P. H. Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 2516–2521.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc. A 1967, 1922–1923.

    Google Scholar 

  106. McFarlane, W.; Rycroft, D. S. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 2 1974, 70, 377–385.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Pregosin, P. S.; Kunz, R. W. NMR Basic Princ. Prog. 1979, 16, 1–156.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Pachler, K. G. R.; Chalmers, A. A. NMR Spec. Per. Rep. C.S. 1979, 8, 63–122.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Rehder, D. Transition Met. Chem. (Weinheim, Ger.) 1977, 2, 41–45.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Rehder, D. J. Magn. Reson. 1977, 25, 177–181.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Alyea, E. C.; Dias, S. A.; Goel, R. G.; Ogini, W. O.; Pilon, P.; Meek, D. W. Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 1697–1700.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Martin, G. J.; Martin, M. L.; Gouesnard, J. P. NMR Basic Princ. Prog. 1981, 18, 1–382.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Minelli, M.; Hubbard, J. L.; Christensen, K. A.; Enemark, J. H. Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 2652.

    Google Scholar 

  114. McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1968, 755–756.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Goggin, P. L.; Goodfellow, R. J.; Haddock, S. R. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1975, 176–177.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Colquhoun, I. J.; McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1981, 658–660.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Kintzinger, J. P. NMR Basic Princ. Prog. 1981, 17, 1–64.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Brevard, C.; Granger, P. J. Chem. Phys. 1981, 75, 4175–4176.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Buckingham, M. J.; Hawkes, G. E.; Thornback, J. R. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1981, 56, L41–L42.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Carson, G. K.; Dean, P. A. W. Inorg. Chim. Acta. 1982, 66, 37–39.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Colquhoun, I. J.; McFarlane, W. J. Magn. Reson. 1982, 46, 525–528.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. McFarlane, W.; Noble, A. M.; Winfield, J. M. J. Chem. Soc., A 1971, 948–953.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Chambers, O. R.; Rycroft, D. S.; Sharp, D. W. A.; Winfield, J. M. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 1976, 12, 559–561.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Zosulin, A. J.; Jakobsen, H. J.; Moore, T. F.; Garber, A. R.; Odom, J. D. J. Magn. Reson. 1980, 41, 458–466.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Schneider, W. G.; Buckingham, A. D. Discuss. Faraday Soc. 1962, 34, 147–155.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Biffar, W.; Noth, H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1980, 19, 58–59.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Kennedy, J. D.; McFarlane, W.; Wrackmeyer, B. Inorg. Chem. 1976, 15, 1299–1302.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Burke, P. J.; Mathews, R. W.; Gillies, D. G. J. Organomet. Chem. 1976, 118, 129–134.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Harris, R. K.; Kennedy, J. D.; McFarlane, W. In NMR and the Periodic Table, Harris, R. K.; Mann, B. E., Ed.; Academic Press: London, 1978; Chap. 10.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Yamamoto, O.; Yanagisawa, M. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1978, 51, 1231–1232.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Wrackmeyer, B. J. Magn. Reson. 1983, 54, 174.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. McFarlane, H. C. E.; McFarlane, W.; Rycroft, D. S. J. Chem. Soc, Faraday Trans. 2 1972, 68, 1300–1305.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Tarasov, V. P.; Privalov, V. I.; Kirakosyan, G. A.; Buslaev, Y. A. Z. Naturforsch. B, 1983, 38, 1173.

    Google Scholar 

  134. Gillespie, R. J.; Hartman, J. S.; Parekh, M. Can. Chem. 1968, 46, 1601–1610.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Lynden-Bell, R. M.; Sheppard, N. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 1962, 269, 385–403.

    Google Scholar 

  136. McLauchlan, K. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1965, 105–106.

    Google Scholar 

  137. Grant, D. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 2228–2229.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Dean, R. R.; McFarlane, W. Mol. Phys. 1967, 12, 289–291.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Dreeskamp, H.; Stegmeier, G. Z. Naturforsch. A 1967, 22, 1458–1464.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc., A 1967, 528–530.

    Google Scholar 

  141. Kennedy, J. D.; McFarlane, W. J. Organomet. Chem. 1975, 94, 7–14.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Wrackmeyer, B. Organomet. Chem. 1979, 166, 353–363.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Clark, R. J. H.; Davies, A. G.; Puddephatt, R. J.; McFarlane, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 1334–1339.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. McFarlane, W. Mol. Phys. 1967, 13, 587–588.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Elser, H.; Dreeskamp, H. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 1969, 73, 619–624.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc., A 1968, 1630–1634.

    Google Scholar 

  147. Kennedy, J. D.; McFarlane, W. J. Organomet. Chem. 1974, 80, C47–C49.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Kennedy, J. D.; McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1974, 983–984.

    Google Scholar 

  149. Kennedy, J. D.; McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1976, 1219–1223.

    Google Scholar 

  150. Wrackmeyer, B. J. Magn. Reson. 1981, 42, 287–297.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. McFarlane, W. Mol. Phys. 1966, 10, 603–604.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc. A 1967, 1660–1662.

    Google Scholar 

  153. Paolillo, L.; Becker, E. D. Magn. Reson. 1970, 3, 200–203.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Yeh, H. J. C.; Ziffer, H.; Jerina, D. M.; Boyd, D. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 2741–2743.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Koole, N. J.; Krol, D.; deBie, M. J. A. J. Magn. Reson. 1976, 21, 499–502.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Bundgaard, T.; Jakobsen, H. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1976, 1621–1624.

    Google Scholar 

  157. Friesen, K. J.; Wasylishen, R. E. J. Magn. Reson. 1982, 48, 152–154.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Jennings, W..B.; Boyd, D. R.; Watson, C. G.; Becker, E. D.; Bradley, R. B.; Jerina, D. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 8501–8504.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Christl, M. Org. Magn. Reson. 1975, 7, 349–350.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Anderson, D. W. W.; Bentham, J. E.; Rankin, D. W. H. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1973, 1215–1217.

    Google Scholar 

  161. Ebsworth, E. A. V.; Edward, J. M.; Rankin, D. W. H. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1976, 1673–1677.

    Google Scholar 

  162. McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1967, 58.

    Google Scholar 

  163. Albrand, J. P.; Gagnaire, D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1970, 874–875.

    Google Scholar 

  164. Dreeskamp, H.; Schumann, C.; Stelzer, O. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1970, 619.

    Google Scholar 

  165. Sorensen, S.; Hansen, R. S.; Jakobsen, H. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 5900–5902.

    Google Scholar 

  166. Bundgaard, T.; Jakobsen, H. J. Acta Chem. Scand. 1972, 26, 2548–2549.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Jakobsen, H. J.; Bundgaard, T.; Hansen, R. S. Mol. Phys. 1972, 23, 197–201.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Lequan, R.-M.; Pouet, M.-J.; Simonnin, M.-P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1974, 475.

    Google Scholar 

  169. Dreeskamp, H.; Schumann, C.; Schmutzler, R. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1970, 671–672.

    Google Scholar 

  170. Crosbie, K. D.; Sheldrick, G. M. Mol. Phys. 1971, 20, 317–320.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. McFarlane, W.; Rycroft, D. S. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1974, 1977–1979.

    Google Scholar 

  172. Wilkie, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 2288–2291.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. McFarlane, W. Mol. Phys. 1967, 12, 243–248.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. McFarlane, W.; Rycroft, D. S.; Turner, C. J. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1977, 86, 457–463.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Kennedy, J. D.; McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1973, 2134–2139.

    Google Scholar 

  176. Tiers, G. V. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 3972–3973.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Johannesen, R. B. Chem. Phys. 1967, 47, 955–960.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Johannesen, R. B. J. Chem. Phys. 1967, 47, 3088–3089.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. McFarlane, W.; Wood, R. J. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1969, 262.

    Google Scholar 

  180. Hayashi, S.; Hayamizu, K.; Yamamoto, O. J. Magn. Reson. 1980, 37, 17–29.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Bhattacharyya, P. K.; Dailey, B. P. J. Chem. Phys. 1973, 59, 5820–5823.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Schultheiss, H.; Fluck, E. Z. Naturforsch. B 1977, 32, 257–264.

    Google Scholar 

  183. Cowley, A. H.; Schweiger, J. R.; Manatt, S. L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1970, 1491–1492.

    Google Scholar 

  184. Schweiger, J. R.; Cowley, A. H.; Cohen, E. A.; Kroon, P. A.; Manatt, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 7122–7123.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Arnold, D. E. J.; Rankin, D. W. H. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1975, 889–894.

    Google Scholar 

  186. Arnold, D. E. J.; Rankin, D. W. H. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1976, 1130–1134.

    Google Scholar 

  187. Gray, G. A.; Albright, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 3857–3861.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. McFarlane, W.; Wrackmeyer, B. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1976, 2351–2355.

    Google Scholar 

  189. Harris, R. K.; Hayter, R. G. Can. J. Chem. 1964, 42, 2282–2291.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Finer, E. G.; Harris, R. K. Mol. Phys. 1967, 13, 65–75.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Harris, R. K.; Finer, E. G. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1968, 110–112.

    Google Scholar 

  192. Harris, R. K.; Woplin, J. R.; Stec, W. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1970, 1391–1392.

    Google Scholar 

  193. Rudolph, R. W.; Newmark, R. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 1195–1199.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. McFarlane, H. C. E.; McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1971, 1589–1590.

    Google Scholar 

  195. McFarlane, H. C. E.; McFarlane, W.; Nash, J. A. J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1980, 240–244.

    Google Scholar 

  196. McFarlane, H. C. E. and McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1975, 582–583.

    Google Scholar 

  197. McFarlane, H. C. E.; McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1978, 531–532.

    Google Scholar 

  198. McFarlane, W.; Nash, J. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1969, 913.

    Google Scholar 

  199. McFarlane, W.; Rycroft, D. S. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1972, 902–903.

    Google Scholar 

  200. McFarlane, W.; Rycroft, D. S. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1973, 2162–2166.

    Google Scholar 

  201. Anderson, D. W. W.; Ebsworth, E. A. V.; Meikle, G. D.; Rankin, D. W. H. Mol. Phys. 1973, 25, 381–385.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. Cogne, A. Ph.D. thesis, 1976, Grenoble, France (cited in ref. 13 ).

    Google Scholar 

  203. Manatt, S. L.; Elleman, D. D.; Cowley, A. H.; Burg, A. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 4544–4545.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Dean, R. R.; McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1967, 840–841.

    Google Scholar 

  205. VanderHart, D. L.; Gutowsky, H. S.; Farrar, T. C. J. Chem. Phys. 1969, 50, 1058–1065.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. McFarlane, W.; Nixon, J. F.; Swain, J. R. Mol. Phys. 1970, 19, 141–143.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. Fukushima,. E. J. Chem. Phys. 1971, 55, 2463–2466; Morgan, K.; Sayer, B. G.; Schrobilgen, G. J. Magn. Reson. 1983, 52, 139–142.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. Noggle, J. H.; Baldeschwieler, J. D.; Colburn, C. B. J. Chem. Phys. 1962, 37, 182–189.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Harris, R. K. In NMR and the Periodic Table, Harris, R. K.; Mann, B. E, Ed.; Academic Press: London, 1978; Chap. 11.

    Google Scholar 

  210. Lassigne, C. R.; Wells, E. J. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1978, 956–957.

    Google Scholar 

  211. Schrobilgen, G. J.; Burns, R. C.; Granger, P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1978, 957–960.

    Google Scholar 

  212. Fraser, G. W.; Peacock, R. D.; McFarlane, W. Mol. Phys. 1969, 17, 291–296.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. Bunker, P. R.; Hanes, G. R. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1974, 28, 377–379.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. Sawyer, J. F.; Schrobilgen, G. J.; Sutherland, S. J. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1982, 210; Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21, 4064.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. Shamir, J.; Selig, H.; Samuel, D.; Reuben, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 2359–2360.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Schrobilgen, G. J.; Holloway, J. H.; Granger, P.; Brevard, C. Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 980–987.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. Schrobilgen, G. J. NMR and the Periodic Table, Harris, R. K.; Mann, B. E, Ed.; Academic Press: London, 1978; Chap. 14.

    Google Scholar 

  218. Jameson, C. J.; Gutowsky, H. S. J. Chem. Phys. 1969, 51, 2790–2803.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. Wrackmeyer, B.; Biffar, W. Z. Naturforsch. B 1979, 34, 1270–1274.

    Google Scholar 

  220. Tarasov, V. P.; Bakum, S. I. J. Magn. Reson. 1975, 18, 64–68.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. Pyykkö, P.; Pajanne, E.; Inokuti, M. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 1973, 7, 785–806.

    Google Scholar 

  222. Emsley, J. W.; Phillips, L.; Wray, V. Prog. NMR Spectrosc. 1975, 10, 83–756.

    Google Scholar 

  223. Wray, V. Annu. Rep. NMR Spectrosc. 1980, 10B, 1–507.

    Google Scholar 

  224. Jameson, C. J.; Gutowsky, H. S. J. Chem. Phys. 1964, 40, 1714–1724.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. Inglefield, P. T.; Reeves, L. W. J. Chem. Phys. 1964, 40, 2425–2426.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. Reeves, L. W. J. Chem. Phys. 1964, 40, 2423–2424.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. McFarlane, W.; Rycroft, D. S. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1973, 10–11.

    Google Scholar 

  228. Levy, G. C.; Lichter, R. L. Nitrogen-15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, John Wiley: New York, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  229. Mateescu, G. D.; Benedikt, G. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 3959–3960.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. Lazzeretti, P.; Rossi, E.; Taddei, F.; Zanasi, R. J. Chem. Phys. 1982, 77, 408–414.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Dean, P. A. W.; Hughes, M. K. Can. J. Chem. 1980, 58, 180–190.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  232. Grim, S. O.; Walton, E. D.; Satek, L. C. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1978, 27, L115–L116.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. Birchall, T.; Pereira, A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1972, 1150–1151.

    Google Scholar 

  234. Flitcroft, N.; Kaesz, H. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 1377–1380.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. Webster, J. R.; Jolly, W. L. Inorg. Chem. 1971, 10, 877–879.

    Google Scholar 

  236. Birchall, T.; Pereira, A. R. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1975, 1087–1092.

    Google Scholar 

  237. Colquhoun, I. J.; McFarlane, H. C. E.; McFarlane, W.; Nash, J. A.; Keat, R.; Rycroft, D. S.; Thompson, D. G. Org. Magn. Reson. 1979, 12, 473–475.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  238. Marsmann, H. NMR Basic Princ. Prog. 1981, 17, 65–235.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  239. Colquhoun, I. J.; McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1980, 145–147.

    Google Scholar 

  240. Allman, T.; Goel, R. G.; Pilon, P. Can. J. Chem. 1979, 57, 91–97.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  241. Green, M.; Howard, J. A. K.; Murray, M.; Spencer, J. L.; Stone, F. G. A. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1977, 1509–1514.

    Google Scholar 

  242. Brown, M. P.; Puddephatt, R. J.; Rashidi, M.; Seddon, K. R. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1978, 516–522.

    Google Scholar 

  243. Cox, R. H. J. Magn. Reson. 1979, 33, 61–70; De Vos, D.; Van Beelen, D. C; Wolters, J. J. Organomet. Chem. 1979, 172, 303–308.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. Mitchell, T. N. J. Organomet. Chem. 1973, 59, 189–196.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. Bresler, L. S.; Buzina, N. A.; Varshavsky, Yu. S.; Kiseleva, N. V.; Cherkasova, T. G. J. Organomet. Chem. 1979, 171, 229–235.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. March, F. C.; Mason, R.; Scollary, G. R. Aust. J. Chem. 1977, 30, 2407–2415.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  247. Wray, V.; Hansen, P. E. Annu. Rep. NMR Spectrosc. 1981, 11A, 99–181.

    Google Scholar 

  248. Kohler, F. H.; Kalder, H. J.; Fischer, E. O. J. Organomet. Chem. 1976, 113, 11–22.

    Google Scholar 

  249. Clark, D. N.; Schrock, R. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 6774–6776.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  250. Verkade, J. G. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1972, 9, 1–106.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  251. Schumann, H.; Kroth, H. J. Z. Naturforsch. B 1977, 32, 768–770.

    Google Scholar 

  252. Kroshefsky, R. D.; Weiss, R.; Verkade, J. G. Inorg. Chem. 1979, 18, 469–472.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. Milbrath, D. S.; Verkade, J. G.; Clark, R. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 1976, 12, 921–924.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. Finer, E. G.; Harris, R. K. Prog. NMR Spectrosc. 1971, 6, 61–118.

    Google Scholar 

  255. Maciel, G. E.; Mclver, J. W.; Ostlund, N. S.; Pople, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 1–11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. Cavell, R. G.; Gibson, J. A.; The, K. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 7841–7847.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  257. The, K. I.; Cavell, R. G. Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 2887–2894.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  258. English, A. D.; Meakin, P.; Jesson, J. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 422–436.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. Morris, R. J.; Moss, K. C. J. Fluorine Chem. 1979, 13, 551–559.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  260. Lunazzi, L.; Brownstein, S. J. Magn. Reson. 1969, 1, 119–123.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  261. Pidcock, A.; Richards, R. E.; Venanzi, L. M. J. Chem. Soc. A 1966, 1707–1710.

    Google Scholar 

  262. Appleton, T. G.; Clark, H. C.; Manzer, L. E. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1973, 10, 335–422.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  263. Allen, F. H.; Sze, S. N. J. Chem. Soc., A 1971, 2054–2056.

    Google Scholar 

  264. Nefedov, V. I.; Yarzhemsky, V. G.; Tarasov, V. P. Chem. Phys. 1976, 18, 417–430.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  265. Motschi, H.; Pregosin, P. S.; Venanzi, L. M. Helv. Chim. Acta. 1979, 62, 667–677.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. Gysling, H. J.; Zumbulyadis, N.; Robertson, J. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1981, 209, C41–C44.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  267. Hansen, P. E. Annu. Rep. NMR Spectrosc. 1981, 11A, 65–98.

    Google Scholar 

  268. Buchanan, G. W.; Dawson, B. A. Can. J. Chem. 1978, 56, 2200–2204.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  269. Wasylishen, R. E. Annu. Rep. NMR Spectrosc. 1977, 7, 246–292.

    Google Scholar 

  270. Axenrod, T.; Mangiaracina, P.; Watnick, C. M.; Wieder, M. J.; Bulusu, S. Org. Magn. Reson. 1980, 13, 197–199.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  271. Buchanan, G. W.; Dawson, B. A. Can. J. Chem. 1977, 55, 1437–1439.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. Sorensen, S.; Hansen, R. S.; Jakobsen, H. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 5080–5081.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. Sorensen, O. W.; Scheibye, S.; Lawesson, S. O. Org. Magn. Reson. 1981, 16, 322–324.

    Google Scholar 

  274. Hargis, J. H.; Worley, S. D.; Jennings, W. B.; Tolley, M. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 8090–8091.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. Bulloch, G.; Keat, R.; Rycroft, D. S. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1978, 764–769.

    Google Scholar 

  276. Simonnin, M. P.; Lequan, R. M.; Wehrli, F. W. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1972, 1204–1205.

    Google Scholar 

  277. Dewan, J. C.; Jennings, W. B.; Silver, J.; Tolley, M. S. Org. Magn. Reson. 1978, 11, 449–452.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  278. Reich, H. J.; Trend, J. E. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1976, 310–311.

    Google Scholar 

  279. Jakobsen, H. J.; Brey, W. S. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1979, 478–479.

    Google Scholar 

  280. Schwotzer, W.; Leuenberger, C.; Hoesch, L.; Dreiding, A. S.; Philipsborn, W. V. Org. Magn. Reson. 1977, 9, 382–384.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  281. Colquhoun, I. J.; Grim, S. O.; McFarlane, W.; Mitchell, J. D. J. Magn. Reson. 1981, 42, 186–192.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. Keat, R.; Monojlovic-Muir, L.; Muir, K. W.; Rycroft, D. S. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1981, 2192–2198.

    Google Scholar 

  283. Porter, N. A.; Dubay, G. R.; Green, J. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 920–925.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  284. Albrand, J. P.; Robert, J. B. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1974, 644–645.

    Google Scholar 

  285. Baudler, M.; Tolls, E.; Clef, E.; Kloth, B.; Koch, D. Z. Anorg. AUg. Chem. 1977, 435, 21–32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  286. Albrand, J. P.; Gagnaire, D.; Robert, J. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 6498–6500.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  287. Stec, W. J.; Zielinski, W. S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1980, 21, 1361–1364.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  288. MacDonell, G. D.; Berlin, K. D.; Baker, J. R.; Ealick, S. E.; van der Helm, D.; Marsi, K. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 4535–4540.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  289. Rodehuser, L.; Rubini, P. R.; Delpuech, J. S. Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 2837–2840.

    Google Scholar 

  290. Hoad, C. S.; Matthews, R. W.; Thakur, M. ML; Gillies, D. G. J. Organomet. Chem. 1977, 124, C31–C36.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  291. Hansen, P. E.; Poulsen, D. K.; Berg, A. Org. Magn. Reson. 1976, 8, 632–637.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  292. Colquhoun, I. J.; McFarlane, W. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1977, 1674–1679.

    Google Scholar 

  293. Niecke, E.; Flick, W. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1974, 13, 134–135.

    Google Scholar 

  294. Earl, W. L.; Niederberger, W. J. Magn. Reson. 1977, 27, 351–353.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  295. Randall, E. W.; Gillies, D. G. Prog. NMR Spectrosc. 1971, 6, 119–174.

    Google Scholar 

  296. Muller, H.; Rosch, L.; Erb, W.; Zeisberg, R. J. Organomet. Chem. 1977, 140, C17–C20.

    Google Scholar 

  297. Kiffen, A. A.; Masters, C.; Visser, J. P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1975, 1311–1315.

    Google Scholar 

  298. Blecher, A.; Mathiasch, B.; Mitchell, T. N. Organomet. Chem. 1980, 184, 175–180.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  299. Kang, D. K.; Servis, K. L.; Burg, A. B. Org. Magn. Reson. 1971, 3, 101–112.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  300. Gillespie, R. J.; Schrobilgen, G. J. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1974, 90–92.

    Google Scholar 

  301. Gillespie, R. J.; Netzer, A.; Schrobilgen, G. J. Inorg. Chem. 1974, 13, 1455–1459.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  302. Guns, M. F.; Claeys, E. G.; Van der Kelen, G. P. J. Mol. Struct. 1979, 53, 45–53.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  303. Karplus, M.; Anderson, D. H. Chem. Phys. 1959, 30, 6–10.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  304. Maciel, G. E.; Mclver, J. W.; Ostlund, N. S.; Pople, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4151–4157.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  305. Hamner, E. R.; Kemmitt, R. D. W.; Smith, M. A. R. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1977, 261–265.

    Google Scholar 

  306. Carty, A. J.; Jacobson, S. E. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1975, 175–176.

    Google Scholar 

  307. Carty, A. J. Inorg. Chem. 1976, 15, 1956–1959.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  308. Meij, R.; Stufkens, D. J.; Vrieze, K.; Roosendaal, E.; Schenk, H. J. Organomet. Chem. 1978, 155, 323–336.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  309. Ernst, L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1977, 375–376.

    Google Scholar 

  310. Butler, G.; Eaborn, C.; Pidcock, A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1979, 181, 47–59.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  311. Pregosin, P. S.; Sze, S. N. Helv. Chim. Acta 1978, 61, 1848–1855.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  312. Eaborn, C.; Pidcock, A.; Steele, B. R. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1976, 767–776.

    Google Scholar 

  313. Dingle, T. W.; Dixon, K. R. Inorg. Chem. 1974, 13, 846–851.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  314. Eaborn, C.; Pidcock, A.; Steele, B. R. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1975, 809–813.

    Google Scholar 

  315. Cairns, M. A.; Dixon, K. R.; McFarland, J. J. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1975, 1159–1164.

    Google Scholar 

  316. Pomeroy, R. K.; Vancea, L.; Calhoun, H. P.; Graham, W. A. G. Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 1508–1514.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  317. Flood, T. C.; Rosenberg, E.; Sarhangi, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 4334–4340.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  318. Miles, W. J.; Clark, R. J. J. Organomet. Chem. 1977, 131, 93–104.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  319. Braun, R. W.; Cowley, A. H.; Cushner, M. C.; Lagow, R. J. Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 1679–1681.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  320. Brownstein, S. Inorg. Chem. 1973, 12, 584–589.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  321. Nixon, J. F.; Swain, J. R. J. Chem. Soc., A 1970, 2075–2080.

    Google Scholar 

  322. Bacon, J.; Dean, P. A. W.; Gillespie, R. J. Can. J. Chem. 1970, 48, 3413–3424.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  323. Brownstein, S. Can. J. Chem. 1969, 47, 605–609.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  324. Cowley, A. H.; Dewar, M. J. S.; Jackson, W. R.; Jennings, W. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 1085–1086.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  325. Karplus, M. J. Chem. Phys. 1959, 30, 11–15.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  326. Haasnoot, C. A. G.; DeLeeuw, F. A. A. M.; Altona, C. Tetrahedron 1980, 36, 2783–2792.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  327. Kennedy, J. D.; McFarlane, W.; Puddephatt, R. J. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1976, 745–748.

    Google Scholar 

  328. Steigel, A. NMR Basic Princ. Prog. 1978, 15, 1–53.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  329. Albrand, J. P.; Robert, J. B.; Goldwhite, H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1976, 949–952.

    Google Scholar 

  330. Ciriano, M.; Green, M.; Howard, J. A. K.; Proud, J.; Spencer, J. L.; Stone, F. G. A.; Tsipis, C. A. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1978, 801–808.

    Google Scholar 

  331. Murrell, J. N.; Turpin, M. A.; Ditchfield, R. Mol. Phys. 1970, 18, 271–274.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  332. Smaller, B.; Yasaitis, E.; Anderson, H. L. Phys. Rev. 1951, 81, 896–897.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  333. McFarlane, W.; Rycroft, D. S. Mol. Phys. 1972, 24, 893–895.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  334. Diehl, P.; Leipert, Th. Helv. Chim. Acta. 1964, 47, 545–557.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  335. Borisenko, A. A.; Sergeyev, N. M.; Ustynyuk, Y. A. Mol. Phys. 1971, 22, 715–719.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  336. Jameson, A. K.; Jameson, C. J. J. Magn. Reson. 1978, 32, 455–457.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  337. Jakobsen, H. J.; Zozulin, A. J.; Ellis, P. D.; Odom, J. D. J. Magn. Reson. 1980, 38, 219–227.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  338. Banwell, C. N.; Murrell, J. N.; Turpin, M. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1968, 1466–1468.

    Google Scholar 

  339. Ebsworth, E. A. V.; Turner, J. J. J. Chem. Phys. 1962, 36, 2628–2634.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  340. Fraser, R. R.; Petit, M. A.; Miskow, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 3253–3254.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  341. James, B. D.; Smith, B. E.; Newman, R. H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1974, 294–295; Smith, B. E.; James, B. D.; Peachey, R. M. Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 2057–2062.

    Google Scholar 

  342. Oxton, I. A.; Mclnnes, A. G.; Walter, J. A. Can. J. Chem. 1979, 57, 503–505.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  343. Murray, M. J. Magn. Reson. 1973, 9, 326–328.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  344. Jameson, C. J.; Osten, H. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2497–2503.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  345. Barron, P. F.; Doddrell, D.; Kitching, W. J. Organomet. Chem. 1977, 132, 351–358.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  346. Morishima, I.; Inubushi, T.; Uemura, S.; Miyoshi, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 354–356.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  347. Schramm, C.; Zink, J. I. J. Magn. Reson. 1977, 26, 513–521.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  348. Schaefer, T.; Hutton, H. M.; Salman, S. R. Can. J. Chem. 1979, 57, 1877–1880.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  349. Holzl, F.; Wrackmeyer, B. J. Organomet. Chem. 1979, 179, 397–401.

    Google Scholar 

  350. Clark, J. H.; Emsley, J.; Middleton, T. B. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1979, 1693–1696.

    Google Scholar 

  351. Jameson, A. K.; Moyer, J. W.; Jameson, C. J. J. Chem. Phys. 1978, 68, 2873–2877.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  352. Kowalewski, J. Prog. NMR Spectrosc. 1977, 11, 1–78.

    Google Scholar 

  353. Kowalewski, J. Annu. Rep. NMR Spectrosc. 1982, 12, 82–176.

    Google Scholar 

  354. Pachler, K. G. R. NMR Spec. Per. Rep. R.S.C. 1981, 10, 56–73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  355. Pachler, K. G. R. NMR Spec. Per. Rep. R.S.C. 1980, 9, 49 - 67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  356. Barfield, M.; Grant, D. M. Adv. Magn. Reson. 1965, 1, 149–194.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  357. Murrell, J. N. Prog. NMR Spectrosc. 1971, 6, 1–60.

    Google Scholar 

  358. Nakatsuji, H. J. Chem. Phys. 1974, 61, 3728–3736.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  359. Pople, J. A.; Mclver, J. W.; Ostlund, N. S. J. Chem. Phys. 1968, 49, 2960–2964.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  360. McWeeny, R. Phys. Rev. 1962, 126, 1028–1034.

    Google Scholar 

  361. Hiroike, E. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 1967, 22, 379–392.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  362. McConnell, H. M. J. Chem. Phys. 1956, 24, 460–467.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  363. Denis, A.; Malrieu, J. P. Mol. Phys. 1972, 23, 581–600.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  364. Ditchfield, R.; Murrell, J. N. Mol. Phys. 1968, 14, 481–486.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  365. Ditchfield, R. Mol. Phys. 1969, 17, 33–39.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  366. Blizzard, A. C.; Santry, D. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1970, 87–88.

    Google Scholar 

  367. Blizzard, A. C.; Santry, D. P. J. Chem. Phys. 1971, 55, 950–963.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  368. Blizzard, A. C.; Santry, D. P. J. Chem. Phys. 1973, 58, 4714.

    Google Scholar 

  369. Pople, J. A.; Mclver, J. W.; Ostlund, N. S. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1967, 1, 465–466.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  370. Pople, J. A.; Mclver, J. W.; Ostlund, N. S. J. Chem. Phys. 1968, 49, 2965–2970.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  371. Loeve, P.; Salem, L. J. Chem. Phys. 1965, 43, 3402–3403.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  372. Ditchfield, R.; Ostlund, N. S.; Murrell, J. N.; Turpin, M. A. Mol. Phys. 1970, 18, 433–440.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  373. Barbier, C.; Gagnaire, D.; Berthier, G.; Levy, B. J. Magn. Reson. 1971, 5, 11–22.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  374. Barbier, C.; Levy, B.; Millie, P. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1972, 17, 122–126.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  375. Ditchfield, R.; Snyder, L. C. J. Chem. Phys. 1972, 56, 5823–5829.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  376. Maestro, M.; Moccia, R.; Zandomeneghi, M. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1974, 28, 373–376.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  377. Barfield, M.; Karplus, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 1–10.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  378. Barfield, M. J. Chem. Phys. 1967, 46, 811–812.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  379. Barfield, M. J. Chem. Phys. 1968, 48, 4458–4462.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  380. Armour, E. A. G.; Stone, A. J. Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 1967, 302, 25–34.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  381. Kowalewski, J.; Vestin, R.; Roos, B. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1971, 12, 25–29.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  382. Kowalewski, J.; Roos, B.; Siegbahn, P.; Vestin, R. Chem. Phys. 1974, 3, 70–77; 1975, 9, 29–39.

    Google Scholar 

  383. Laaksonen, A.; Saunders, V. R. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1983, 95, 375.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  384. Rayez-Meaume, M. T.; Hoarau, J. Chem. Phys. 1978, 27, 73–78.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  385. Guest, M. F.; Saunders, V. R.; Overill, R. E. Mol. Phys. 1978, 35, 427–443.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  386. Kowalewski, J.; Laaksonen, A.; Roos, B.; Siegbahn, P. J. Chem. Phys. 1979, 71, 2896–2902.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  387. Fukui, H.; Sanyoshi, A.; Miura, K. J. Chem. Phys. 1978, 69, 943–944.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  388. Laaksonen, A.; Kowalewski, J.; Siegbahn, P. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1980, 69, 109–112.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  389. Bothner-By, A. A. Adv. Magn. Reson. 1965, 1, 195–316.

    Google Scholar 

  390. Raynes, W. T.; Riley, J. P. Mol. Phys. 1974, 27, 337–343.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  391. Emmanuel, R. V. Mol. Phys. 1970, 19, 399–403.

    Google Scholar 

  392. Schulman, J. M.; Kaufman, D. N. J. Chem. Phys. 1972, 57, 2328–2332.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  393. Jokisaari, J.; Diehl, P. Mol. Phys. 1979, 37, 981–983.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  394. Lazzeretti, P.; Taddei, F.; Zanasi, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 7989–7993.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  395. Schulman, J. M.; Venanzi, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 4701–4705.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  396. Lee, W. S.; Schulman, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 3182–3184.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  397. Lee, W. S.; Schulman, J. M. J. Chem. Phys. 1979, 70, 1530–1537.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  398. Pyykkö, P. Adv. Quantum Chem. 1978, 11, 353 - 409.

    Google Scholar 

  399. Pyykkö, P.; Desclaux, J. P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1979, 12, 276–281.

    Google Scholar 

  400. Breit, G. Phys. Rev. 1930, 35, 1447–1451.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  401. Pyykkö, P.; Jokisaari, J. J. Chem. Phys. 1975, 10, 293–301.

    Google Scholar 

  402. Dalling, D. K.; Gutowsky, H. S. J. Chem. Phys. 1971, 55, 4959–4966.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  403. Pyykkö, P. Chem. Phys. 1977, 22, 289–296.

    Google Scholar 

  404. Desclaux, J. P. Comput. Phys. Commun. 1975, 9, 31–45.

    Google Scholar 

  405. Muller, N.; Pritchard, D. E. J. Chem. Phys. 1959, 31, 1471–1476.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  406. Schmidbaur, H.; Rathlein, K. H. Chem. Ber. 1973, 106, 2491–2507.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  407. Frei, K.; Bernstein, H. J. J. Chem. Phys. 1963, 38, 1216–1226.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  408. Walsh, A. D. Discuss. Faraday Soc. 1947, 2, 18–25.

    Google Scholar 

  409. Bent, H. A. Chem. Rev. 1961, 61, 275–311.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  410. Juan, C. S.; Gutowsky, H. S. J. Chem. Phys. 1962, 37, 2198–2208.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  411. McConnell, H. M. J. Chem. Phys. 1955, 23, 2454.

    Google Scholar 

  412. Lynden-Bell, R. M.; Harris, R. K. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Appleton-Century-Crofts: New York, 1969; pp. 102–103.

    Google Scholar 

  413. Jameson, C. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 6232–6234.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  414. Jameson, C. J.; Damasco, M. C. Mol. Phys. 1970, 18, 491–504.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  415. Emmanuel, R. V. J. Chem. Phys. 1970, 53, 856–857.

    Google Scholar 

  416. Gray, G. A.; Albright, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 3243–3250.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  417. Albrand, J. P.; Faucher, H.; Gagnaire, D.; Robert, J. B. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1976, 38, 521–523.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  418. McConnell, H. M. J. Chem. Phys. 1956, 24, 764–766.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  419. McConnell, H. M. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 1957, 1, 11–17.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  420. Karplus, M. J. Chem. Phys. 1960, 33, 1842–1849.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  421. Ditchfield, R.; Murrell, J. N. Mol. Phys. 1968, 15, 533–539.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  422. Wrackmeyer, B. Z. Naturforsch. B 1978, 33, 385–389.

    Google Scholar 

  423. Fukui, H.; Tsuji, T.; Miura, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3652–3653.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  424. Fukui, H.; Miura, K.; Ohta, K.; Tsuji, T. J. Chem. Phys. 1982, 76, 5169–5170.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, 60680, USA

    Cynthia J. Jameson

Authors
  1. Cynthia J. Jameson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Open University, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England

    Joan Mason

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jameson, C.J. (1987). Spin-Spin Coupling. In: Mason, J. (eds) Multinuclear NMR. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1783-8_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1783-8_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8999-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1783-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation