Abstract
At least seven well characterized growth factors have been isolated from breast cancer cell lines or from breast cancer tissues. These include transforming growth factors α and β (TGFα, TGFβ), insulin-like growth factor I (IGFI), mammary derived growth factors I and II (MDGFI, MDGFII), human mammary tumor derived growth factor (h.MTGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Additionally, it has been shown that similar (or identical) growth factors are present in rat mammary tumor tissue. For example, some rat mammary tumors contain collagen synthesis stimulating factor (CSSF), a peptide that is physically and biologically like MDGFI. The same rodent tumors also contain peptides that are biologically and/or immunologically related to TGFα and TGFβ. Northern blots of rodent mammary RNAs have revealed the presence of poly A+ RNA species that are hightly homologous to the TGFα and TGFβ mRNAS present in human breast tumor samples. The key question is whether one or more of the tumor-associated factors is important for tumor initiation, growth or progression. The evidence for and against involvement of the human breast tumor-associated factors will be considered in turn. It is appropriate to indicate here, however, that an irrefutable case cannot be made for an essential role of any of the above growth factors at this time. TGF-ALPHA (TGFα)
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Kidwell, W.R., Salomon, D.S. (1988). Mammary Tumor-Associated Growth Factors Origins and Possible Functions. In: Rich, M.A., Hager, J.C., Lopez, D.M. (eds) Breast Cancer: Scientific and Clinical Progress. Developments in Oncology, vol 56. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1753-1_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1753-1_4
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