Skip to main content

Sialic Acid and N-Acetylgalactosamine Specific Bacterial Lectins of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli (ETEC)

  • Chapter
The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 228))

Abstract

Many pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria have the ability to produce proteins that mediate adhesion to surfaces. These “adhesions” are usually seen in the electron microscope as filaments, protruding from the cell surface. The filaments are called fimbriae (or pili) and in general they have the ability to bind to carbohydrates and cause hemagglutination. Their ability to mediate adhesion to cells has been correlated with the pathogenicity of bacteria.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Arai, H. and Munoz, J. J. (1979) Fimbrial hemagglutinin in stationary and shake cultures of Bordetella pertussis, Infect. Immun., 25: 764–767.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, H. M. and Trust, T. J. (1980) Hemagglutination properties and adherence ability of Aeromonas hydrophila, Infect. Immun., 27: 938–946.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atroshi, F., Schilt, R. and Sandholm, M. (1983) K88-mediated adhesion of E.coli inhibited by fractions in sow milk, Zbt. Vet. Med. B, 30 425–433.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basch, J. J., Farrell Jr., H. M. and Greenberg, R. (1976) Identification of the milk fat globule membrane proteins. I. Isolation and partial characterization of glycoprotein B, Biochim.Biophys.Acta, 448; 589–598.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhat, P., Albert, M.J., Rajan, D., Ponniah, J., Methan, V.I. and Baker, S.J. (1980) Bacterial flora of the jejunum: a comparison of luminal aspirate and mucosal biopsy, J.Med.Microbiol., 13: 247–256.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brinton, C. C. (1965) The structure, function, synthesis and genetic control of bacterial pili and a molecular model for DNA and RNA transport in gram negative bacteria, Trans. N.Y.Acad.Sci., 27: 1003–1054.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheney, C. P. and Boedeker, E. C. (1984) Rabbit mucosal receptors for an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strain: appearance of bacterial receptor activity at weaning, Gastroenterology, 87: 821–826.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collier, W. A. and de Miranda, J. C. (1955) Bacterien-haemag-glutination. III. Die hemmung der coli-haemagglutination durch mannose, Antoine van Leeuwenhoek, J.Microbiol. Serol., 21: 135–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Culling, C. F. A., Reid, P. E., Dunn, W. L. and Clay, M. G. (1977) Histochemical comparison of the epithelial mucins in the ileum in Crohn’s disease and in normal controls, J.Clin. Path., 30: 1063–1067.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duguid, J. P., Smith, I. W., Dempster, G. and Edmunds, P. N. (1955) Nonflagellar filamentous appendages (“fimbriae”) and haemagglutinating activity in bacterium coli, J.Path. Bact., 70: 335–348.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dupuis, G. and Leclair, B. (1982) Structural requirements for simple sugars to inhibit the agglutination of human group A erythrocytes, FEBS Lett., 144: 29–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dzandu, J. K., Deh, M. E., Barratt, D. L. and Wise, G. E. (1984) Detection of erythrocyte membrane proteins, sialoglycoproteins and lipids in the same polyacryl- amide gel using a double-staining technique, Proc.Natl. Acad.Sci., 81: 1733–1737.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eshdat, Y., Silverblatt, F. J. and Sharon, N. (1981) Dissociation and reassembly of Escherichia coli type 1 pili, J.Bact., 148: 308–314.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, D. G., Evans, D.J., Clegg, S. and Pauley, J. A. (1979) Purification and characterization of the CFA/I antigen of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Infect.Immun., 25: 738–748.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Faris, A., Lindahl, M. and Wadström, T. (1980) GM-like glycoconjugate as possible receptor for CFA/I and K99 haemagglutinins on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 7: 265–269.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Faris, A., Lindahl, M., Ljungh, Å., Old, D. C. and Wadström, T. (1983) Autoaggregating Yersinia enterocolitica express surface fimbriae with high surface hydro- phobicity, J. Appl. Bact., 55: 97–100.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Firon, N., Ofek, I. and Sharon, N. (1983) Carbohydrate specificity of the surface lectins of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium, Carbohydr.Res., 120: 235–249.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, J., Klein, P.–J., Farrar, G. H., Hanisch, F.–G. and Uhlenbruck, G. (1984) Isolation and chemical and immunochemical characterization of the peanut-lectinbinding glycoprotein from human milk-fat-globule membranes, Biochem.J., 224: 581–589.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, M. A., Brunschwig, J. P., Lo, H., Caldwell, K. E. and Lo, T. M. (1982) Biochemical and morphological properties of bovine erythrocyte membrane glycoproteins, J.Cell. Biol., 19: 157–170.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forstner, J. F. (1978) Intestinal mucins in health and disease, Digestion, 17: 234–263.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forstner, J. F., Jabbal, I., Qureshi, R., Kells, D. I. C. and Forstner, G. G. (1979) The role of disulphide bonds in human intestinal mucin, Biochem. J., 181: 725–732.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freter, R. (1984) Interdependence of mechanisms that control bacterial colonization of the large intestine. Microecology and Therapy, 14: 89–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukuda, K., Tomita, M. and Hamada, A. (1980) Isolation and characterization of alkali-labile oligosaccharide units from horse glycophorin, J.Biochem.,87: 687–693.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuda, K., Kawashima, I., Tomita, M. and Hamada, A. (1982) Structural studies of the acidic oligosaccharide units from bovine glycophorin, Biochim. Biophys.Acta, 717: 278–288.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galbraith, W. and Goldstein, I. J. (1972) Phytohemagglutinin of the Lima bea (Phaseolus lunatus). Isolation, characterization and interaction with type A blood- group substance, Biochem., 11: 3976–3984.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbons, R. A., Jones, G. W. and Sellwood, R. (1975) An attempt to identify the intestinal receptor for the K88 adhesin by means of a haemagglutination inhibition test using glycoproteins and fractions from sow colostrum, J.Gen.Microbiol., 86: 228–240.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Graaf, F. K. and Roorda, I. (1982) Production, purification, and characte rization of the fimbrial adhesive antigen F41 isolated from calf enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strain B41M, Infect.Immun. 36:751–758.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guyot, G. (1908) Ueber die bakterielle hamagglutination (bakterio-hemagglutination), Zbt.Bakt.I.Abt.Orig., 47: 640–653.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. L. and Rowlands Jr, D. T. (1974) Heterogeniety of lobster agglutinins. II. Specificity of agglutinin- erythrocyte binding, Biochem., 13: 828–832.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hardy, S. W., Fletcher, T. C. and Gerrie, L. M. (1976) Factors in haemolymph of the mussel Mytilus edulis L., of possible significance as defence mechanisms, Biochem. Soc.Trans., 4: 473–475.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartman, A.L., Campbell, P.A. and Abel, C.A. (1978) An improved method for the isolation of lobster lectins, Develop, and Comp. Immunology, 2: 617–625.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirano, S., Hayashi, H., Masuda, F. and Onodera, K. (1966) Mucopolysaccharides isolated from human and cow colostrums, Agr. Biol. Chem., 30: 212–219.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Honkanen-Buzalski, T. and Sandholm, M. (1981) Association of bovine secretory immunoglobulins with milk fat globule membranes, Comp.Immun.Microbiol. Infect.Dis., 4: 329–342.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoskins, L. C. and Boulding, E. T. (1981) Mucin degradation in human colon ecosystems: evidence and role of bacterial subpopulations producing glycosidases as extracellular enzymes, J. Clin. Invest., 67: 163–172.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iguchi, S. M. M., Egawa, K. and Momi, T. (1983) Isolation and characterization of a novel sialic acid-specific lectin (Achatinin) in the mucus of Achatina fulica, in: “Glycoconjugates”, Chester, M. A., Heinegrd, D., Lundblad, A. and Svensson, S. eds., Proceedings of the 7th international symposium on glycoconjugates, Lund-Ronneby, 304–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaacson, R. E. (1977) K99 surface antigen of Escherichia coli: purification and partial characterization, Infect. Immun., 15: 272–279.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isaacson, R. E., Fusco, P. C., Brinton, C. C. and Moon, H. W. (1978) In vitro adhesion of Escherichia coli to porcine small intestinal epithelial cells: pili as adhesive factors, Infect.Immun., 21: 392–397.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isaacson, R. E. and Richter, P. (1981) Escherichia coli 987P pilus: purification and partial characterization, J.Bact., 146; 784–789.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, R. H., Coulson, E. J. and Clark, W. R. (1962) The mucoprotein of the fat/plasma interface of cow’s milk. I. Chemical and physical characterization, Arch.Biochem. Biophys., 97: 373–377.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jollès, P. and Fiat, A.-M. (1979) The carbohydrate portions of milk glycoproteins, J.Dairy Res., 46: 187–191.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, G. W. and Rutter, J. M. (1972) Role of the K88 antigen in the pathogenesis of neonatal diarrhoea caused by Escherichia coli in piglets, Infect. Immun., 6: 918–927.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawashima, I., Fukuda, K., Tomita, M. and Hamada, A. (1982) Isolation and characterization of alkali-labile oligosaccharide units from porcine erythrocyte glycophorins, J.Biochem. 93: 865–874.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kearns, M.J. and Gibbons, R.A (1979) The possible nature of the pig intestinal receptor for the K88 antigen of Escherichia coli, FEMS Microbiol.Lett. 6: 165–168.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobylka, D., Khetty, A., Shin, B.C. and Carraway, K.L. (1972) Proteins and glycoproteins of the erythrocyte membrane, Arch.Biochem.Biophys. 148: 475–487.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolstø Otnaess, A.-B., Laegreid, A. and Ertresvåg, K. (1983) Inhibition of enterotoxin from Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae by gangliosides from human milk, Infect.Immun. 40; 563–569.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambden, P.R. (1982) Biochemical comparison of pili from variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae P9, J.Gen.Microbiol., 128: 2105–2111.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leffler, H. and Svanborg-Edén, C. (1980) Chemical identification of a glycosphingolipid receptor for Escherichia coli attaching to human urinary tract epithelial cells and agglutinating human erythrocytes, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 8: 127–134.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lev, R. (1968) A histochemical study of glycogen and mucin in developing human foetal epithelia, Histochem.J., 1:152–165.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liljas, L. (1978) Aggregates of human erythrocyte membrane sialoglycoproteins in the presence of deoxycholate and dodecyl sulphate, Biochim.Biophys.Acta., 532: 347–353.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindahl, M., Faris, A. and Wadström, T. (1982) Colonization factor antigen on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is a sialic- specific lectin, Lancet, 2: 280.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindahl, M. and Wadström, T. (1983) Comparative properties of K99 and 3P-(F41); two sialic acid specific hemagglutinins of enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC), in “Proceedings of fourth international symposium on neonatal diarrhea, Acres, S.D., ed., Veterinary infectious disease organization (VIDO), Saskatchewan, 225–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindahl, M. and Wadström, T. (1984) K99 surface haemagglutinin of enterotoxigenic E.coli recognize terminal N-acetyl- galactosamine and sialic acid residues of glycophorin and other complex glycoconjugates, Vet.Microbiol., 9: 249–257.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindahl, M., Carlstedt, I. and Wadström, T. (1985) Binding of K99 fimbriae to pig small intestinal mucin and erythrocyte membrane glycoproteins, in: “Molecular biology of microbial pathogenicity. Role of protein-carbohydrate interactions”, Fullerlove, G., ed. Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linden, G. and Alais, C. (1976) Phosphatase alkaline du lait de vache II. Structure sous-unitaire, nature metalloproteique et para-metres cinetique, Biochim.Biophys. Acta, 429; 205–213.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lisowska, E., Duk, M. and Dahr, W. (1980) Comparison of alkali- labile oligosaccharide chains of M and N blood-group glycopeptides from human erythrocyte membrane, Carbohydr. Res., 79: 103–113.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maget-Dana, R., Roche, A.–C. and Monsigny, M. (1979) Ganglio- side- Limulin interactions, ins “Progress in clinical and biological research vol. 2 9”, Cohen E., ed., Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 567–578.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mantle, M. and Allen, A. (1981) Isolation and characterization of the native glycoprotein from pig small-intestinal mucus, Biochem.J., 195: 267–275.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merrick, J.M., Schifferle, R., Zadarlik, K., Kano, K. and Milgrom, F. (1977) Isolation and partial characterization of the heterophile antigen of infectious mononucleosis from bovine erythrocytes, J.Supramol.Struct., 6: 275–290.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R.L. (1982) A sialic acid-specific lectin from the slug Limax flavus, J. Invertebr.Pathol., 39: 210–214.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohan, S., Thambi, Oorai, D., Srimal, S., and Bachawat, B.K. (1982) Binding studies of a sialic acid-specific lectin from horseshoe crab Carcinos corpus rotunda cauda with various silaoglycoproteins, Biochem.J., 203: 253–261.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, J. A., Stevens, A. E. and Sojka, W. J. (1977) Preliminary characterization of cell-free K99 antigen isolated from Escherichia coli B41, J.Gen.Microbiol., 99: 353–357.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, J. A., Thorns, C. J. and Sojka, W. J. (1980) Evidence for two adhesive antigens on the K99 reference strain Escherichia coli B41, J.Gen.Microbiol., 118: 107–113.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, P. A., Levine, M. J., Tabak, L. A. and Reddy, M. S. (1982) Specificity of salivary-bacterial interactions: II. Evidence for a lectin on Streptococcus sanguis with specificity for a NeuAcα2,3Galβ1,3GalNAc sequence, Biochem. Biophys.Res.Commun., 106: 390–396.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagy, B., Moon, H. W. and Isaacson, R. E. (1976) Colonization of porcine small intestine by Escherichia coli: ileal colonization and adhesion by pig enteropathogens that lack K88 antigen and by acapsular mutants, Infect. Immun., 13: 1214–1220.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishiura, M. (1984) Analysis of sialic acids in bovine intestinal mucins, Bull.Tokyo Med.Dent.Univ., 31: 1–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nowicki, B., Rhen, M., Vaisenen-Rhen, V., Pere, A. and Korhonen, T. K. (1984) Immunofluorescence study of fimbrial phase variation in Escherichia coli KS 71, J.Bact., 160: 691–695.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ørskov, I., Ørskov, F., Smith, H. W. and Sojka, W. J. (1975) The establishment of K99, a thermolabile, transmissible Escherichia coli K antigen, previously called “Kco”, possessed by calf and lamb enteropathogenic strains, Acta Pathol.Microbiol. Scand. Sect.B, 83: 31–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ørskov, F., Ørskov, I., Sutton, A., Schreerson, R., Lin, W., Egan, W., Hoff, G. E. and Robbins, J. B. (1979) Form variation in Escherichia coli K1: determined by O-acetylation of the capsular polysaccharide, J.Exp. Med., 149: 669–685.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Otnaess, A.-B. and Halvorsen, S. (1980) Non-antibody components in human milk inhibit Escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin measured by an enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay, Acta Path.Microbiol.Scand.Sect. C, 88: 247–253.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parkkinen, J., Finne, J., Achtman, M., Väisenen, V. and Korhonen, T. K. (1983) Escherichia coli strains binding neuraminyl α2–3 galactosides, Biochem. Biophys.Res. Commun., 111: 456–461.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perrin, D. R. (1955) The chemical composition of the colostrum and milk of the sow, J.Dairy Res., 22: 103–107.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reiter, B. (1981) The contribution of milk to resistance to intestinal infection in the newborn, in: “Immunological aspects of infection in the fetus and newborn”, Lambert, H. P. and Wood, C. B. S., eds., Academic Press, London, 155–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberton, A. M. and Stanley, R. A. (1982) In vitro utilization of mucin by Bacteroides fragilis, Appl.Environ. Microbiol., 43: 325–330.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roche, A.-C. and Monsigny, M. (1979) Limulin (Limulus polyphemus lectin). Isolation, physicochemical properties, sugar specificity and mitogenic activity, in: “Progress in clinical and biological research vol. 29”, Cohen, E., ed., Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 603–616.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohde, R., Aleksic, S., Müller, G., Plavsic, S. and Aleksic, V. (1975) Profuse fimbriae conferring O-inagglutin- ability to several strain of S.typhimurium and S.enteritidis isolated from pasta products cultural, morphological, and serological experiments, Zbl.Bakt. Hyg.I.Abt.Orig.A, 230: 38–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Runnels, P. L., Moon, H. W. and Schneider, R. A. (1980) Development of resistence with host age to adhesion of K99+ Escherichia coli to isolated intestinal epithelial cells, Infect.Immun., 28: 298–300.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, J. M., Burrows, M. R., Sellwood, R. and Gibbons, R. A. (1975) A genetic basis for resistance to enteric disease caused by E.coli, Nature, 257: 135–136.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, J. M., Jones, G. W., Brown, G. T. H., Burrows, M. R. and Luther, P. D. (1976) Antibacterial activity in colostrum and milk associated with protection of piglets against enteric disease caused by K88-positive Escherichia coli, Infect. Immun., 13: 667–676.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar, M., Wu, A. M. and Kabat, E. A. (1981) Immunochemical studies on the carbohydrate specificity of Maclura pomifera lectin, Arch.Biochem.Biophys., 209: 204–218.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savage, D. C. and Blumershine, R. V. H. (1974) Surface-surface associations in microbial communities populating epithelial habitats in the murine gastrointestinal ecosystem: scanning electron microscopy, Infect.Immun. 10: 240–250.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smit, H., Gaastra, W., Kamerling, J. P., Vliegenhart, F. G. and de Graaf, F. K. (1984) Isolation and structural characterization of the equine erythrocyte receptor for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K99 fimbrial adhesin, Infect. Immun., 46: 578–584.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H. W. and Linggood, M. A. (1971) Observations on the pathogenic properties of the K88, Hly and Ent plasmids of Escherichia coli with particular reference to porcine diarrhoea, J.Med.Microbiol., 4: 467–485.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snow, L. D., Colton, D. G. and Carraway, K. L. (1977) Purification and properties of the major sialoglycoprotein of the milk fat globule membrane, Arch.Biochem.Biophys., 179: 690–697.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sobeslavsky, O., Prescott, B. and Chanock, R. M. (1968) Adsorption of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to neuraminic acid receptors of various cells and possible role in virulence, J.Bact., 96: 695–705.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugii, S. and Kabat, E. A. (1980) Immunochemical specificity of the combining site of Wistaria floribunda hemagglutinin, Biochem., 19: 1192–1199.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Svanborg-Edén, C. and Hansson H. A. (1978) Escherichia coli pili as mediators of attachment to human urinary tract epithelial cells, Infect. Immun., 21: 229–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wadström, T., Sjöberg, P.-O. and Lindahl, M. (1985) Sialic acid specific lectins of enterotoxigenic E.coli, in: “Lectins, Biology, Biochemistry, Clinical Biochemistry” vol.4, Bøg-Hansen, T. C. and Breborowicz, J., eds., W. de Gruyter, Berlin, 417–424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, M. (1982) Agglutination of bacteria by a sialic acid- specific lectin of the snail Cepaea hortensis, Acta Histochem., 71: 35–39.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, A. M., Kabat, E. A., Gruezo, F. G. and Poretz, R. D. (1981) Immunochemical studies on the reactivities and combining sites of D-galacto-pyranose- and 2-acetamido- 2-deoxy-D- galacto-pyranose-specific lectin purified from Sophora japonica seeds, Arch.Biochem.Biophys., 209: 191–203.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, A. M., Kabat, E. A., Pereira, M. E. A., Gruezo, F. G. and Liao, J. (1982) Immunochemical studies on blood groups: internal structure and immunological properties of water-soluble human blood group A substance studied by Smith degradation, liberation and fractionation of oligosaccharides and reaction with lectins, Arch.Biochem. Biophys., 215: 390–404.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamakawa, T., Irie, R. and Iwanaga, M. (1960) Chemistry of the lipids of posthemolytic residue or stroma of erythrocytes. Silicic acid chromatography of mammalian stroma glycolipides, J.Biochem., 48: 490–507.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lindahl, M., Brossmer, R., Wadström, T. (1988). Sialic Acid and N-Acetylgalactosamine Specific Bacterial Lectins of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli (ETEC). In: Wu, A.M., Adams, L.G. (eds) The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 228. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1663-3_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1663-3_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8923-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1663-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics