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Chemically Modified Capsular Polysaccharides as Vaccines

  • Chapter
Book cover The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 228))

Abstract

Vaccination is one of the most useful scientific developments in the control and eradication of human disease. Early vaccines were based on whole organism preparations which, although efficacious in some cases (smallpox), had disadvantages which severely limited their general use. Because of the complexity of bacteria, it is difficult to maintain consistency of potency in terms of immunological protection, and, more importantly, to avoid severe toxic or other deleterious effects caused by indigenous component molecules (lipopolysaccharide or peptidoglycan) of some pathogenic bacteria. The discoveries of a “specific soluble substance” secreted by Pneumococci during growth1 and the immunogenicity of these substances (capsular polysaccharides)2 were new and important developments in vaccine technology. It was demonstrated3 that this substance was in fact a type-specific polysaccharide that was able to quantitatively precipitate4 antibodies produced in animals by injection of the homologous, whole organisms. In subsequent pioneering work5 it was demonstrated that when used as human vaccines these purified polysaccharides provide type-specific protection against the development of pneumococcal infection. However, at this critical stage of development the phenomenal success of antibiotic therapy for treating bacterial infections overshadowed the early promise of polysaccharide vaccines.

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  1. Division of Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, KlA OR6, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    H. J. Jennings

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  1. Texas Agricultural Experimental Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

    Albert M. Wu  & L. Garry Adams  & 

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Jennings, H.J. (1988). Chemically Modified Capsular Polysaccharides as Vaccines. In: Wu, A.M., Adams, L.G. (eds) The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 228. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1663-3_18

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