Abstract
Histological varieties of intracranial vascular malformations include arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), venous malformations, cavernous malformations, and capillary telangiectasia. They constitute a significant clinical problem. According to one estimate there are approximately 350,000 individuals in the United States with clinically evident or occult intracranial arteriovenous malformations [1]. Arteriovenous malformations are the lesions most familiar to practicing physicians because of their protean clinical manifestations. Autopsy series indicate that venous angiomas may actually have a higher prevalence, but these are frequently asymptomatic throughout life and of no clinical consequence. In a prospective autopsy series evaluating 4069 consecutive brains [2], 165 had one or more vascular malformations. Of these only 24 were AVMs while 105 were venous angiomas.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Michelson WJ. Natural history and pathophysiology of arteriovenous malformations. Clin Neurosurg 1979;26:307–313.
Sarwar M, Mc Cormick WF. Intracerebral venous angioma. Arch Neurol 1978;35:323–325.
Perret G, Nishioka H. Report on the cooperative study of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage: Section 6, arteriovenous malformations: An analysis of 545 cases of craniocerebral arteriovenous malformations and fistulae reported to the cooperative study. J Neurosurg 1966;25:467–490.
Robinson JL, Hall CJ, Sedzimir CB. Subarachnoid hemorrhage in pregnancy. J Neurosurg 1972;36:27–33.
Robinson JL, Hall CJ, Sedzimir CB. Arteriovenous malformations, aneurysms and pregnancy. J Neurosurg 1974;41:63–70.
Waltimo O. The relationship of size, density and localization of intracranial arteriovenous malformations to the type of initial symptom. J Neurol Sci 1973;19:13–19.
Graf CJ, Perret GE, Torner JC. Bleeding from cerebral arteriovenous malformations as part of their natural history. J. Neurosurg 1983;58:331–337.
Henderson WR, Gomez RRL. Natural history of cerebral angiomas. Br Med J 1967;4:571–574.
Waltimo O. The change in size of intracranial arteriovenous malformations. J Neurol Sci 1973;19:21–27.
Nomes H, Grip A. Hemodynamic aspects of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg 1980;53:456–464.
Spetzler RF, Wilson CB, Weinstein P, et al. Normal perfusion pressure breakthrough theory. Clin Neurosurg 1978;25:651–672.
Kvam DA, Michelson WJ, Quest DO. Intracerebral hemorrhage as a complication of arterial embolization. Neurosurgery 1980;7:491–494.
Mc Cormick WF. Pathology of vascular malformations of the brain. In: Wilson CB, Stein BM (eds). Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1984:44–63.
Rothfus WE, Albright AL, Casey KF, et al. Cerebellar venous angioma: “benign” entity? AJNR 1984;5:61–66.
Crawford JV, Russell DS. Cryptic arteriovenous and venous hematomas of the brain. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1956;19:1–11.
Hayman LA, Fox AJ, Evans RA. Effectiveness of contrast regimens in CT detection of vasculaf malformations of the brain. AJNR 1981;2:421–425.
Brunelle FUS, Harwood-Nash DCF, Fitz CR, Chuang SH. Intracranial vascular malformations in children: Computed tomographic and angiographic evaluation. Radiology 1983;149:455–461.
Haughton V. Vascular diseases. In: Williams AL, Haughton VM (eds). Cranial Computed Tomography. New York: CV Mosby Co, 1985:88–147.
Leblanc R, Ethier R, Little JR. Computerized tomography findings in arteriovenous malformations of the brain. J Neurosurg 1979;51:765–772.
Enzmann DR, Britt RH, Lyons BE, et al. Natural history of experimental intracerebral hemorrhage: Sonography, computed tomography and neuropathology. AJNR 1981;2:517–526.
Diebler C, Dulac O, Renier D, et al. Aneurysms of the vein of Galen in infants aged 2 to 15 months. Neuroradiology 1981;21:185–197.
Roosen N, Schirmer M, Lins E, et al. MRI of an aneurysm of the vein of Galen. AJNR 1986;7:733–735.
Lee BCP, Herzberg L, Zimmerman RD, Deck MDF. MR imaging of cerebral vascular malformations. AJNR 1985;6:863–870.
Kucharczyk W, Lemme-Pleghos L, Uske A, et al. Intracranial vascular malformations: MR and CT imaging. Radiology 1985;156:383–389.
Schorner W, Bradac GB, Treisch J, et al. MRI in the diagnosis of cerebral arteriovenous angiomas. Neuroradiology 1986;28:313–318.
Alvarez OA, Hyman RA. Even echo MR rephasing in the diagnosis of giant intracranial aneurysm. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1986;10:699–701.
Norman D. Vascular disease: Hemorrhage. In: Brant-Zawadzki M, Norman D (eds). Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Central Nervous System. New York: Raven Press, 1987;209–220.
Newton TH, Crouqist S. Involvement of dural arteries in intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Radiology 1969;93:1071–1078.
Houser OW, Baker HL Jr, Svien HJ, Okazaki H. Arteriovenous malformations of the parenchyma of the brain. Radiology 1973;109:83–90.
Houser OW, Baker HL Jr, Rhoton AL Jr, Okazaki H. Intracranial dural arteriovenous malformations. Radiology 1972;105:55–64.
Kosnik EJ, Hunt WE, Miller CA. Dural arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg 1974;40:322–329.
Newton TH, Weidner W, Greitz T. Dural arteriovenous malformations in the posterior fossa. Radiology 1968;90:27–35.
Ito J, Imamura H, Kobayashi K, et al. Dural arteriovenous malformations of the base of the anterior cranial fossa. Neuroradiology 1983;24:149–154.
Schlachter LB, Fleischer AS, Faria MA Jr, et al. Multifocal intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 1980;7:440–444.
Sartor K. Spontaneous closure of cerebral arteriovenous malformation demonstrated by angiography and computed tomography. Neuroradiology 1978;15:95–98.
Suzuki J, Onuma T. Intracranial aneurysms associated with arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg 1979;50:742–746.
Miyasaka K, Wolpert SM, Prager RJ. The association of cerebral aneurysms, infundibula and intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Stroke 1982;13:196–203.
Hayashi S, Arimoto T, Itakura T, et al. The association of intracranial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations of the brain. J Neurosurg 1981;55:971–975.
Goree JA, Dukes HT. The angiographic differential diagnosis between the vascularized malignant glioma and the intracranial arteriovenous malformations. AJR 1963;90:512–521.
Saito Y, Kobayashi N. Cerebral venous angiomas: Clinical evaluation and possible etiology. Radiology 1981;139:87–94.
Olson E, Gilmor RL, Richmond B. Cerebral venous angiomas. Radiology 1984;151:97–104.
Wendung LR, Moore JS, Kieffer SA, et al. Intracerebral venous angioma. Radiology 1976;119:141–147.
Lotz PR, Quisling RG. CT of venous angiomas of the brain. AJNR 1983;4:1124–1126.
Michels LG, Bentson JR, Winter J. Computed tomography of cerebral venous angiomas. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1977;1:149–154.
Augustyn GT, Scott JA, Olson E, Gilmore RL, Edwards MK. Cerebral venous angiomas: MR imaging. Radiology 1985;156:391–395.
Fierstein SB, Pribram HW, Hieshima G. Angiography and computed tomography in the evaluation of cerebral venous malformations. Neuroradiology 1979;17:137–148.
Bartlett JE, Kishore PRS. Intracranial cavernous angioma. AJR 1977;128:653–656.
Ahmadi J, Miller LA, Segall HD, et al. CT patterns in histopathologically complex cavernous hemangiomas. AJNR 1985;6:389–93.
Lemme-Pleghos L, Kucharczyk W, Brant-Zawadzki M, et al. MR imaging of angiographically occult vascular malformations. AJNR 1986;7:217–222.
Cohen HCM, Tucker WS, Humphreys RP, et al. Angiographically cryptic histologically verified cerebrovascular malformations. Neurosurgery 1982;10:704–714.
Rao VRK, Pillai SM, Shenoy, et al. Hypervascular cavernous angiomas at angiography. Neuroradiology 1979;18:211–214.
Jonutis AJ, Sondheimer FK, Klein HL, et al. Intracerebral cavernous hemangioma with angiographically demonstrated pathologic vasculature. Neuroradiology 1971;3:57–63.
Stahl SM, Johnson KP, Malamud N. The clinical and pathological spectrum of brain stem vascular malformations. Arch Neurol 1980;37:25–29.
Bell BA, Kendall BE, Syman L. Angiographically occult arteriovenous malformations of the brain. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1978;41:1057–1064.
Becker DH, Townsend JJ, Kramer RA, et al. Occult cerebrovascular malformations: A series of 18 histologically verified cases with negative angiography. Brain 1979;102:249–287.
Wharen RE, Scheithauer BW, Laws ER Jr. Thrombosed arteriovenous malformations of the brain. J Neurosurg 1982;57:520–526.
Kramer RA, Wing SD. Computed tomography of angiographically occult cerebral vascular malformations. Radiology 1977;123:649–625.
Yeates A, Enzmann D. Cryptic vascular malformations involving the brain stem. Radiology 1983;146:71–75.
New PEJ, Ojemann RG, Davis KR, et al. MR and CT of occult vascular malformations of the brain. AJNR 1986;7:771–779.
Gomori JM, Grossman RI, Golderg HI, et al. Occult cerebral vascular malformations: High field MR imaging. Radiology 1986;158:707–713.
Di Chiro G, Lindgren E. Radiographic findings in 14 cases of Sturge-Weber syndrome. Acta Radiol 1951;35:387–399.
Bentson JR, Wilsom GH, Newton TH. Cerebral venous drainage pattern of the Sturge-Weber syndrome. Radiology 1971;101:111–118.
Stimac GK, Solomon MA, Newton TH. CT and MR of angiomatous malformations of the choroid plexus in patients with Sturge-Weber disease. AJNR 1986;7:623–627.
Reagan TJ, Bloom WH. The brain in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Stroke 1971;2:361–368.
Tress BM, Moseley IF. Cleidocranial dysostosis, hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia and epilepsy: A rare association. Neuroradiology 1977;12:233–236.
Wyburn-Mason R. Arteriovenous aneurysm of midbrain and retina, facial naevi and mental changes. Brain 1943;66:163–203.
Satya-Murti S, Navada S, Eames F. Central nervous system involvement in Blue-Rubber-Bleb-Nevus syndrome. Arch Neurol 1986;43:1184–1186.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hyman, R.A., Sands, S.F. (1989). Intracranial Vascular Malformations. In: Sarwar, M., Batnitzky, S. (eds) Imaging of Non-Traumatic Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Disorders of the Central Nervous System. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1653-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1653-4_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8918-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1653-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive