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Molecular Biology of Iridoviruses pp 247–270Cite as

African Swine Fever Virus

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Part of the book series: Developments in Molecular Virology ((DMVI,volume 10))

Abstract

African swine fever is a devastating disease of swine caused by an icosahedral enveloped DNA virus which grows in the cytoplasm of infected cells. The virus infects domestic pigs and African or European wild boars, and can be transmitted by soft ticks. A peculiar feature of the infection is the lack of induction of neutralizing antibodies, which has prevented the production of a conventional vaccine. The viral particle contains about 50 proteins, including cell proteins like actin and tubulins that are specificly encapsidated. In contrast to most enveloped viruses, there is no glycoprotein in the virus particle. The viral genome is a double-stranded DNA molecule of about 180 kbp. The extremes of the viral DNA are cross-linked by short imperfectly paired hairpin loops which are complementary to each other. At the ends of the genome there are also terminal inverted repeats composed of tandems of short direct repeats. The virus grows in swine macrophages but can easily be adapted to grow in monkey cells. Penetration is done by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Although the presence of the nucleus is required, viral replication occurs only in the cytoplasm. The virus particle thus has all the enzymes needed for early transcription and processing of mRNA. More than one hundred virus-induced proteins can be identified. The kinetics of synthesis are complex. Inhibitors of DNA replication can distinguish between early proteins, synthesized before DNA replication, and late proteins, that depend on the synthesis of viral DNA. Replication of the viral DNA is catalyzed by a phosphonoacetic acid-sensitive virus-induced DNA polymerase. The mechanism of DNA replication is not well known. Large concatemeres seem to be an intermediate in replication.

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  1. Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Apartado 14, P-2781, Oeiras Codex, Lisboa, Portugal

    João V. Costa

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  1. University of Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany

    Gholamreza Darai

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© 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers

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Costa, J.V. (1990). African Swine Fever Virus. In: Darai, G. (eds) Molecular Biology of Iridoviruses. Developments in Molecular Virology, vol 10. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1615-2_12

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