Skip to main content

Chronic Renal Failure: Definition, Causes, and Assessment

  • Chapter
Nutritional Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure

Part of the book series: Topics in Renal Medicine ((TIRM,volume 7))

  • 109 Accesses

Abstract

The acronym CRF is used as a synonym for chronic renal insufficiency, chronic renal functional impairment, and also for chronic uremia, the latter term, however, having a completely different meaning (see Chapter 5). Tubular dysfunction, or abnormalities in the composition of the glomerular filtrate, are not regarded as manifestations of CRF. Thus the acronym CRF indicates a chronic reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below the normal range, corrected for a given age and body surface, irrespective of the underlying cause.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Brochner-Mortensen J, Giese J, Rossing N: (1969) Renal inulin clearance versus total plasma clearance of 51CR-EDTA. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 23:301–305.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Granerus G, Aurell M: (1981) Reference values for 51Cr-EDTA clearance as a measure of glomerular filtration rate. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 41:611–616.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Brochner-Mortensen J, Röbro P: (1976) Comparison between total and renal plasma clearance of 51CR-EDTA. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 36:247–269.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Shemesh O, Golbetz H, Kriss JP Myers BD: (1985) Limitations of creatinine as a filtration marker in glomerulopathic patients. Kidney Int 28:830–838.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Heymsfield SB, Arteaga C, McManus C, Smith J, Moffýtt S: (1983) Measurement of muscle mass in humans: Validity of the 24-hour urinary creatinine method. Am J Clin Nutr 37: 478–494.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Forbes GB, Bruining GS: (1978) Urinary creatinine excretion and lean body mass. Am J Clin Nutr 29:1359–1366.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Chinn KSK: (1967) Prediction of muscle and remaining tissue protein in man. J Appl Physiol 23:713–715.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Camara AA, Arn KD, Reimer A, Newburgh LH: (1951) The twenty-four hour endogenous Creatinin clearance as a clinical measure of the functional state of the kidneys. J Lab Clin Med 37:743–759.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Crim MC, Calloway DH, Morgan S: (1975) Creatine metabolism in men: Urinary creatine and creatinine excretion with creatine feeding. J Nutr 105:428–438.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Calloway DH, Morgan S: (1971) Variation of endogenous nitrogen excretion and dietary nitrogen utilization as determinants of human protein requirement. J Nutr 101:205–216.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bleiler RD, Schedl HP: (1962) Creatinine excretion: Variability and relationship to diet and body size. J Lab Clin Med 59:945–955.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Consolazio CF, Nelson RA, Matoush LO, Harding R, Canham JE: (1963) Nitrogen excretion in sweat and its relation to nitrogen balance requirements. J Nutr 79:399–406.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Hoberman, HD, Sims EAH, Peters JH: (1948) Creatine and creatinine metabolism in the

    Google Scholar 

  14. normal male adult studied with the aid of isotopic nitrogen. J Biol Chem 172:45–59.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bloch K, Schoenheimer R: (1939) Studies in protein metabolism. XI. The metabolic relation of creatine and creatinine studied with isotope nitrogen. J Biol Chem 131:111–119.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Mackenzie CG, du Vigneaud V: (1950) Biochemical stability of the methyl group of creatine and creatinine. J Biol Chem 185:185–189.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Jones JD, Burnett PC: (1974) Creatinine metabolism in humans with decreased renal function: Creatinine deficit. Clin Chem 20:1204–1212.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Goldman R: (1954) Creatinine excretion in renal failure. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 85:446–448.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Gonella M, Barsotti G, Lupetti S, Giovannetti S, Campa V, Falcone G: (1976) Role of the aerobic gut flora in the creatinine and methylguanidine metabolism. In: Proc 6th Congr Nephrol, Florence 1975, pp 595–599.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Mitch, WE, Walser M: (1978) A proposed mechanism for reduced creatinine excretion in severe chronic renal failure. Nephron 21:248–254.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Mitch WE, Collier VU, Walser M: (1980) Creatinine metabolism in chronic renal failure. Clin Sci 58:327–335.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Gonella M, Barsotti G, Lupetti S, Giovannetti S: Factors affecting the metabolic production of methylguanidine. Clin Sci 48:341–347.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Mitch WE, Walser M: (1986) Nutritional therapy of the uremic patient. In: Brunner BM, Rector FC, (eds). The Kidney. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, pp 1759–1790.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Mitch WE, Walser M, Buffington G, Lemann J: (1976) A simple method of estimating progression of chronic renal failure. Lancet II: 1326–1328.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Smith HW, Clarke RW: (1938) The excretion of inulin and creatinine by the anthropoid apes and other infrahuman primates. Am J Physiol 122:132–139.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Shannon JA: (1935) The renal excretion of creatinine in man. J Clin Invest 14:403–410.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Berlyne GM: (1965) Endogenous creatinine clearance and the glomerular filtration rate. Am Heart J 70:143–145.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Carrie BJ, Golbetz HV, Michaels AB, Myers BD: (1980) Creatinine: An inadequate filtration marker in glomerular diseases. Am J Med 69:177–182.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Giovannetti S, Cioni L, Balestri PL: (1966) Evaluation of kidney function in severe chronic renal failure. Urol Digest 5: 15–20.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Gretz N, Korb E, Strauch M: (1983) Low-protein diet supplemented by keto acids in chronic renal failure: A prospective controlled study. Kidney Int 24 (Suppl 16):263–267.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ando A, Orita Y, Nakata K, Fukuhara Y, Mikami H, Fujii M, Nakajima Y, Ueda N, Abe H: (1981) The effect of essential amino acid supplementation therapy on prognosis of patients with chronic renal failure estimated on the basis of the Markov process. Med J Osaka Univ 32:31–37.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Gretz N, Manz F, Strauch M:(1983) Predictability of the progression of chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 24 (Suppl 15):S2–S5.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Gretz N, Strauch M: (1986) Statistical problems in designing, conducting, and analysing nutritional trials in patients with chronic renal failure. Contr Nephrol 53:82–91.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Rosman JB, Gretz N, van der Hem GK, Strauch M, Donker AJM: (1986) Protein restriction in chronic renal failure: Correlation between creatinine clearance and the reciprocal serum creatinine. Contr Nephrol 53:74–81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Giovannetti, S., Gretz, N. (1989). Chronic Renal Failure: Definition, Causes, and Assessment. In: Giovannetti, S. (eds) Nutritional Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure. Topics in Renal Medicine, vol 7. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1583-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1583-4_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8877-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1583-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics