Skip to main content

Management of Growth Retardation in Children with Chronic Renal Disease

  • Chapter
International Yearbook of Nephrology 1990

Part of the book series: International Yearbooks of Nephrology ((IYNE,volume 2))

  • 53 Accesses

Abstract

Normal growth is the end product of a complex set of cellular, hormonal, and nutritional processes. Disruption of normal growth may result from a wide variety of causes thus, growth velocity represents an exquisitely sensitive barometer of a child’s health and well-being. Slow growth is a consistent and pervasive feature of significant uremia in childhood. As such, the correction of impaired growth is both a goal and a critical measure of the adequacy of any approach to conservative or renal replacement therapy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Betts PR, and Magrath G: Growth pattern and dietary intake of children with chronic renal insufficiency. Br Med J, 2: 189–193, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Rotundo A, Nevins TE, Lipton M, Lockman LA, Mauer SM, Michael AF: Progressive encephalopathy in children with chronic renal insufficiency in infancy. Kidney Int, 21:486–491, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. McGraw ME and Haka-Ikse K: Neurologic-developmental sequelae of chronic renal failure in infancy. J Pediatr, 106: 574–583, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bock GH, Conners CK, Ruley J, Samango-Sprouse CA, Conry JA, Weiss I, Eng G, Johnson EL, David CT: Disturbances of brain maturation and neurodevelopment during chronic renal failure in infancy. J Pediatr, 114: 231–238, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Tanner JM: Human Growth, (2nd ed.). Plenum, New York, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  6. Potter DE, Broyer M, Chantler C, Gruskin A, Holliday MA, Roche A, Scharer K, Thissen D: Measurement of growth in children with renal insufficiency. Kidney Int, 14: 378–382, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Barrett TM, Broyer M, Chantier C, Gilli G, Guest G, Marti-Henneberg C, Preece MA, Rigdon SPA: Assessment of growth. Am J Kidney Dis, 7: 340–346, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Tanner JM: Growth at Adolescence, (2nd ed.). Appleton Century Crofts, New York, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH, Cameron N, Marshall WA, Healy MJR, Goldstein H: Assessment of Skeletal Maturity and Predictions of Adult Height (TW2 method), 2nd ed., Academic Press, London, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH, Hughes PCR, Vince FP: Effect of human growth hormone treatment for 1 to 7 years on growth of 100 children, with growth hormone deficiency, low birthweight, inherited smallness, Turner’s syndrome, and other complaints. Arch Dis Child, 46: 745–782, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Hamill PVV, Drizd TA, Johnson CL, Reed RR, Roche AF: NCHS Growth Curves for Children. DHEW publication (PHS) 78–1650, US Govt. Printing Office, Washington, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Tanner JM and Davies PSW: Clinical longitudinal standards for height and height velocity for North American children. J Pediatr, 107: 317–329, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH, Takaishi M: Standards from birth to maturity for height velocity and weight velocity: British children. Arch Dis Child, 41: 454–471, 1965.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH, Takaishi M: Standards from birth to maturity for height velocity and weight velocity: British children. Arch Dis Child, 41: 613–635, 1965.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Guo S, Roche AF, Moore WM: Reference data for head circumference and 1-month increments from 1 to 12 months of age. J Pediatr, 113: 490–494, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Tanner JM: Catch-up growth in man. Br Med Bull, 37: 234–238, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Forbes GB: A note on the mathematics of “catch-up” growth. Pediat Res, 8:929–931, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mahan JD, Mauer SM, Sibley RK, Vernier RL: Congenital nephrotic syndrome: evolution of medical management and the results of renal transplantation. J Pediatr, 105: 549–557, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Gahl WA, Reed GF, Thoene JG, Schulman JD, Rizzo WB, Jonas AJ, Denman DW, Schlesselman JJ, Corden BJ, Schneider JA: Cysteamine therapy for children with nephropathy cystinosis. N Engl J Med, 316: 971–977, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Clarren SK and Smith DW: The fetal alcohol syndrome; a review of the world literature. N Engl J Med 298:1063–1067, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. So SKS, Chang P-N, Najarian JS, Mauer SM, Simmons RL, Nevins TE: Growth and development in infants after renal transplantation. J Pediatr, 110: 343–350, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Smith DW: Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation, (3rd ed.), Saunders, Philadelphia, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Jeune M, Beraud C, Carron R: Dystrophie thoracique asphyxiante de caractère familial. Arch Franc Pediat, 12: 886, 1955.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Eddy AA and Mauer SM: Pseudohermaphroditism, glomerulopathy, and Wilms tumor (Drash syndrome): frequency in end-stage renal failure. J Pediatr, 106: 584–587, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Keller RJ and Wolfsdorf JI: Isolated growth hormone deficiency after cerebral edema complicating diabetic ketoacidosis. N Engl J Med 316:857–859, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Cornblath M and Schwartz R: Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Infancy, (2nd ed.). Saunders, Philadelphia, 1976, pp 379–381

    Google Scholar 

  27. Chesney RW: Growth retardation in childhood renal disease: a hormonal or nutritional problem? Am J Nephrol, 7: 253–256, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Rizzoni G, Broyer M, Guest G, Fine R, Holliday MA: Growth retardation in children with chronic renal disease: scope of the problem. Am J Kidney Dis, 7: 256–261, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Mehls O, Ritz E, Gilli G, Kreusser W: Growth in renal failure. Nephron, 21: 237–247, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. French CB and Genel M: Pathophysiology of growth failure in chronic renal insufficiency. Kidney Int, (Suppl) 30: S59–S64, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Bischoff F: The influence of the diet on renal and blood vessel changes. J Nutr, 5: 431–450, 1932.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Giovannetti S and Maggiore Q: A low-nitrogen diet with proteins of high biological value for severe chronic uremia: Lancet, i: 1000–1003, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Brenner BM, Meyer TW, Hostetter TH: Dietary protein intake and the progressive nature of kidney disease. N Engl J Med, 307: 652–659, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Maschio G, Oldrizzi L, Rugiu C: The effects of dietary protein restriction on the course of early chronic renal failure, In “Contemporary Issues in Nephrology’”, vol.14, W Mitch, BM Brenner and JH Stein (Eds), Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Holliday M: Protein intake, renal function, and growth in chronic renal failure, In “Contemporary Issues in Nephrology”, vol.14, W Mitch, BM Brenner and JH Stein (Eds), Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Holliday MA: Calories, protein, and other nutrients: requirements and recommendations, In: “Pediatric Nephrology” 2nd ed., MA Holliday, TM Barrett and RL Vernier (Eds), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Wassner SJ, Abitbol C, Alexander S, Conley S, Grupe WE, Holliday MA, Rigden S, Salusky IB: Nutritional requirements for infants with renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis, 7: 300–305,1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Chantier C: Nutritional assessment and management of children with renal insufficiency, In: “End Stage Renal Disease in Children”, RN Fine and AB Gruskin (Eds), Saunders, Philadelphia, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Hellerstein S, Holliday MA, Grupe WE, Fine RN, Fennell RS, Chesney RW, Chan JCM: Nutritional management of children with chronic renal failure. Pediatr Nephrol, 11: 195–211, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Arnold WC, Danford D, Holliday MA: Effects of caloric supplementation on growth in children with uremia. Kidney Int, 24: 205–209, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Kleinknecht C, Broyer M, Huot D, Marti-Henneberg C, Danois A-M: Growth and development of nondialyzed children with chronic renal failure. Kidney Int, (Suppl), 24: S40–S47, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Barratt TM, Fay J, Rigden SPA: Prognosis of renal disease in infancy, In: “Chronic Renal Disease”, NB Cummings and S Klahr (Eds), Plenum, New York, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ray PE and Holliday MA: Growth rate in infants with impaired renal function. J Pediatr, 113: 594–600, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Schwartz GJ, Feld LG, Langford DJ: A simple estimate of glomerular filtration rate in full-term infants during the first year of life. J Pediatr, 104: 849–893, 1984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Rizzoni G, Basso T, Setari M: Growth in children with chronic renal failure on conservative management. Kidney Int, 26: 52–58, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Strife CF, Quinlan M, Mears K, Davey ML, Clardy C: Improved growth of three uremic children by nocturnal nasogastric feedings. Amer J Dis Child, 140:438–443, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Chesney RW, Moorthy AV, Mazess RB, Jax DK, Eisman JA, DeLuca HF: Increased growth after long-term oral 1–25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in childhood renal osteodystrophy. N Engl J Med, 298: 238–242, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Dabbagh S and Chesney RW: Treatment of renal osteodystrophy during childhood, In: “End Stage Renal Disease in Children”, RN Fine and AB Gruskin (Eds), Saunders, Philadelphia, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Fine RN, De Palma JR, Lieberman E, Donnell GN, Gordon A, Maxwell MH: Extended hemodialysis in children with chronic renal failure. J Pediatr, 73: 706–713, 1968.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Potter D, Larsen D, Leumann E, Perin D, Simmons J, Piel CF, Holliday MA: Treatment of chronic uremia in childhood. II. Hemodialysis. Pediatr, 46:678–689, 1970.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Ahola T, Bjorkman H, Makela P, Pasila M, Vilska J, Hallman N: The low-weight groups and haemodialysis. ActaPaediat Scand, 61:1–4, 1972.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Broyer M, Loirat C, Kleinknecht C: Technical aspects and results of regular hemodialysis in children. ActaPaediat Scand, 61: 677–684, 1972.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Simmons JM, Wilson CJ, Potter DE, Holliday MA: Relation of calorie deficiency to growth failure in children on hemodialysis and the growth response to calorie supplementation. N Engl J Med, 285: 653–656, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Broyer M, Kleinknecht C, Loirat C, Marti-Henneberg C: Growth in children treated with long-term hemodialysis. J Pediatr, 84: 642–649, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. London Children’s Home Dialysis Group: Home hemodialysis in children. Lancet, i: 242–246, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Kleinknecht C, Broyer M, Gagnadoux M-F, Dartois A-M, Kermanach C, Pouliquen M, Degoulet P, Usberti M, Roy M-P: Growth in children treated with long-term dialysis. A study of 76 patients. Adv Nephrol, 9: 133–163, 1980.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Grupe WE, Harmon WE, Spinozzi NS: Protein and energy requirements in children receiving chronic hemodialysis. Kidney Int, 24 (Suppl): S6–S10, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Scharer K and Gilli G: Growth in children with chronic renal insufficiency, In: “End Stage Renal Disease in Children” RN Fine and AB Gruskin (Eds), Saunders, Philadelphia, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Broyer M, Donckerwolcke RA, Brunner FP, Brynger H, Challah S, Gretz N, Jacobs C, Kramer P, Seiwood NH, Wing AJ: Combined report on regular dialysis and transplantation of children in Europe, XII, 1982. Proc EDTA-ERA, 20: 101–104, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Ferraris J, Saenger P, Levine L, New M, Pang S, Saxena BB, Lewy JE: Delayed puberty in males with chronic renal failure. Kidney Int, 18: 344–350, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Popovich RP, Moncrief JW, Nolph KD, Ghods AJ, Twardowski ZJ, Pyle WK: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Ann Intern Med, 88:449–456, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Balfe JW, Vigneux A, Willumsen J, Hardy BE: The use of CAPD in the treatment of children with end-stage renal disease. Pent Dial Bull, 1: 35–38, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Alexander SR and Tank ES: Surgical aspects of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in infants, children, and adolescents. J Urol, 127: 501–504, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Kohaut EC: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a preliminary pediatric experience. Am J Dis Child, 135: 270–271, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Alexander SR: CAPD in infants less than one year of age, In: “End Stage Renal Disease in Children”, RN Fine and AB Gruskin (Eds), Saunders, Philadelphia, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group: Continuous ambulatory and continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis in children. Kidney Int, 27: 558–564, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Alliapoulos JC, Salusky IB, Hall T, Nelson PA, Fine RN: Comparison of continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in children. J Pediatr, 105: 721–725, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Brem AS and Toscano AM: Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis for children: an alternative to hemodialysis treatment. Pediatrics, 74: 254–258, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Salusky IB, von Lilien T, Anchondo M, Nelson PA, Fine RN: Experience with continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis during the first year of life. Pediatr Nephrol, 1: 172–175, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Kohaut EC: Growth in children with end-stage renal disease treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for at least one year. Pent Dial Bull, 2: 159–161, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Stefanidis CJ, Hewitt IK, Balfe JW: Growth in children receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. J Pediatr, 102: 681–685, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Hogg RJ: Comparison of CAPD and CCPD in children, In “Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) and Chronic Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis (CCPD) in Children”, RN Fine (Ed), Martinus Nijhoff, Boston, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Kohaut EC and Waldo FB: Growth in children on CAPD, In “Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) and Chronic Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis (CCPD) in Children”, RN Fine (Ed), Martinus Nijhoff, Boston, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Fennell RS, Orak JK, Hudson T, Garin EH, Iravani A, Van Deusen WJ, Howard R, Pfaff WW, Walker DW, Richard GA: Growth in children with various therapies for end-stage renal disease. Am J Dis Child, 138: 28–31, 1984.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Conley SB: Supplemental (NG) feedings of infants undergoing continuous peritoneal dialysis. In “Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) and Chronic Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis (CCPD) in Children”, RN Fine (Ed), Martinus Nijhoff, Boston, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Brewer ED, Holmes S, Tealey J: Initiation and maintenance of growth in infants with end stage renal disease managed with peritoneal dialysis and nasogastric tube feedings. Kidney Int, 29: 230, 1986 (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  77. Polinsky MS, Kaiser BA, Stover JB, Frankenfield M, Baluarte HJ: Neurologic development of children with severe chronic renal failure from infancy. Pediatr Nephrol, 1: 157–165, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Kohaut EC, Whelchel J, Waldo FB, Diethelm AG: Aggressive therapy of infants with renal failure. Pediatr Nephrol, 1: 150–153, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Lilly JR, Giles G, Hurwitz R, Schroter G, Takagi H, Gray S, Penn I, Halgrimson CG, Starzl TE: Renal homotransplantation in pediatric patients. Pediatrics, 47: 548–557, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. DeShazo CV, Simmons RL, Bernstein DM, DeShazo MM, Willmert J, Kjellstrand CM, Najarian JS: Results of renal transplantation in 100 children. Surgery, 76: 461–468, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Broyer M, Gagnadoux M-F, Guest G, Beurton D, Niaudet P, Habib R, Busson M: Kidney transplantation in children: Results of 383 grafts performed at Enfants Malades Hospital from 1973 to 1984. Adv Nephrol, 16: 307–334, 1987.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Potter D, Feduska N, Melzer J, Garvoy M, Hopper S, Duca R, Salvatiena O: Twenty years of renal transplantation in children. Pediatrics, 77:465–470, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. van Diemen-Steenvoorde R, Donckerwolcke RA, Brackel H, Wolff ED, de Jong MCJW: Growth and sexual maturation in children after kidney transplantation. J Pediatr, 110: 351–356, 1987.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Fine RN and Tejani A: Renal transplantation in children. Nephron, 47: 81–86, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Kohaut EC, Whelchel JR, Waldo FB, Dielhelm AG: Living-related donor renal transplantation in children presenting with end-stage renal disease in the first month of life. Transplantation, 40: 725, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Fennell RS, Love JT, Carter RL, Hudson TM, Pfaff WW, Howard RJ, Van Deusen W, Garin EH, Iravani A, Walker RD, Richard GA: Statistical analysis of statural growth following kidney transplantation. Eur J Pediatr, 145: 86–89, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Tagge EP, Campbell DA, Dafoe DC, Merion RM, Sedman AB, Kelsch RC, Mollen E, Rocher LL, Turcotte JG: Pediatric renal transplantation with an emphasis on the prognosis of patients with chronic renal insufficiency since infancy. Surgery, 102: 692–698, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Brodehl J, Offner G, Hoyer PF: Cyclosporin in pediatric kidney transplantation. Adv Nephrol, 16: 335–350, 1987.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Ettenger RB, Blifeld C, Prince H, Ben-Ezer Gradus D, Cho S, Sekiya N, Salusky IB, Fine RN: The pediatric nephrologist’s dilemma: growth after renal transplantation and its interaction with age as a possible immunologic variable. J Pediatr, 111: 1022–1025, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Rizzoni G, Broyer M, Brunner FP, Brynger H, Challah S, Kramer P, Oulès R, Seiwood NH, Wing AJ, Balás ÉA: Combined report on regular dialysis and transplantation of children in Europe, XIII, 1983. Proc EDTA-ERA, 21: 69–95, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Ellis D, Avner ED, Rosenthal JT, Taylor RJ, Young LW, Palumbi MA, Hakala TR: Renal function and somatic growth in pediatric cadaveric renal transplantation with cyclosporine-prednisone immunosuppression. Am J Dis Child, 139: 1161–1167, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Offner G, Hoyer PF, Jüppner H, Krohn HP, Brodehl J: Somatic growth after kidney transplantation. Am J Dis Child, 141: 541–546, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Koch VH, Lippe BM, Sherman BM, Fine RN: Accelerated growth following recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy (Rx) in children with chronic renal failure (CRF). Ped Res, 23: 541A, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Fine RN, Fine SE, Sherman BM: Absorption of recombinant human growth hormone (rgGH) following intraperitoneal (IP) instillation. Kidney Int, 35: 269, 1989 (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  95. Mehls O, Ritz E, Hunziker EB, Eggli P, Heinrich U, Zapf J: Improvement of growth and food utilization by recombinant growth hormone in uremia. Kidney Int, 33: 45–52, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Phillips LS, Fusco AC, Unterman TG, del Greco F: Somatomedin inhibitor in uremia. J Clin Endocr Metab, 59: 764–772, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Lantos J, Siegler M, Cuttler L: Ethical issues in growth hormone therapy. J Amer Med Assoc 261: 1020–1024, 1989.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Rosenfeld RG, Hintz RL, Johanson AJ, Sherman B, and the Genentech Collaborative Group: Results from the first 2 years of a clinical trial with recombinant DNA-derived human growth hormone (Somatrem) in Turner’s Syndrome. Acta Paediatr Scand (Suppl.), 331: 59–66, 1987.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Sinai-Trieman L, Salusky IB, Fine RN: Use of subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin in children undergoing continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis. J Pediatr, 114: 550–554, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. McGonigle RJ, Boineau FG, Beckman B, Ohene-Frempong K, Lewy JE, Shadduck RK, Fisher JW: Erythropoietin and inhibitors of in vitro erythropoiesis in the development of anemia in children with renal disease. J Lab Clin Med, 105: 449–458, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Beckman BS, Brookins JW, Garcia MM, Fisher JW: Measurement of erythropoietin in anephric children. Pediatr Nephrol, 3: 75–79, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nevins, T.E., Mauer, S.M. (1990). Management of Growth Retardation in Children with Chronic Renal Disease. In: Andreucci, V.E., Fine, L.G., Kjellstrand, C.M., Sugino, N. (eds) International Yearbook of Nephrology 1990. International Yearbooks of Nephrology, vol 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1491-2_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1491-2_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8802-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1491-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics