Abstract
The contribution of new technology to increasing health care costs has become an important issue as countries have struggled to control growing expenditures. Efforts at cost containment are leading to the early evaluation of cost and effectiveness of new technologies in order to forecast their potential for use in clinical practice and subsequent reimbursement. These attempts at early evaluation give rise to two important questions: at what point in time can the clinical efficacy of a new medical technology be judged and to what degree should specific forms of the technology and their applications be viewed separately? To be able to answer these questions, one must have an understanding of how new medical technologies gain clinical acceptance, or in business terms, how successful medical innovations gain market acceptance.
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Endnotes
For the early history of development we have relied on: Berggren, U. (1985) “CT scanning and ultrasonography: A comparison of two lines of development and dissemination,” Research Policy, 14, pp. 213–223.
Hamilton, B. (1982) Medical Diagnostic Imaging, New York: F & S Press.
Klein Biomedical Consultants (1980) The Medical Diagnostic Ultrasound Market, New York: Klein Biomedical.
Friar, J.H. (1993) “Targeting initial customers and applications for emerging technologies,” paper presented at the Academy of Management, August 11, Atlanta, Georgia.
See for example: American Journal of Diseases in Children, (1981) 135, p.961.
Berggren, U. (1985) op cit.
Hamilton, B. (1982) op cit.
Discussion of NSF relies on: Drew, P.G. (1981) “The great ultrasound incentives program,” Diagnostic Imaging, 3(8), pp. 32–34.
Arthur D. Little, Inc. (1979) “An Analysis of the National Science Foundation’s medical instrumentation experiment,” report from the National Technical Information Service, June.
Findings from our survey also corroborated by: Ogle, P.L. (1991) “Image is everything in this industry,” Diagnostic Imaging, 13(4), p. 5.
Technology Marketing Group (1981) “Ultrasound forum 81,” Radiology/ uclear Medicine Magazine, 11, pp. 6–11.
J. Lloyd Johnson Associates (1982) The Future of Ultrasound, Northfield: J. Lloyd Johnson.
Rogers, E. and Shoemaker, F.F. (1971) Communication of Innovations, New York: The Free Press.
Brice, J. (1993) “R&D accelerates despite drop in ultrasound sales,” Diagnostic Imaging, 15(9), pp. 33–38,
Brice, J. (1993) “R&D accelerates despite drop in ultrasound sales,” Diagnostic Imaging, 15(9), pp. 107.
See for example: Ewigman, B.G., Crane, J.P., Frigoletto, F.D., LeFevre, M.L., Bain, R.P., McNellis, D. and LeFevre, M.I. (1993) “Effect of prenatal ultrasound screening on perinatal outcome,” New England Journal of Medicine, 329 (12), pp. 821–827.
Ray, W.A., Griffin, M.R., and Avorn, J. (1993) “Evaluating drugs after their approval for clinical use,” New England Journal of Medicine, 329 (7), pp. 2029–2032. Freudenheim, M. (1991) “F.D.A. gets tough on drugs offered for unapproved uses,” New York Times, June 29, pp. 1 and 9.
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© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers
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Friar, J.H. (1996). The Necessity of Commercializing New Medical Technologies Before Clinical Use is Determined. In: Geisler, E., Heller, O. (eds) Managing Technology in Healthcare. Management of Medical Technology, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1415-8_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1415-8_10
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