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Mammary Tumor Cell Cycle, Differentiation, and Metastasis pp 325–352Cite as

Cathepsins D and B in breast cancer

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Part of the book series: Cancer Treatment and Research ((CTAR,volume 83))

Abstract

The name cathepsin is derived from a Greek word meaning to digest and was used originally for acidic proteases, with the letters designating individual enzymes [1,2]. Examples of cathepsins are found in three classes of proteases, for example, cathepsin D is an aspartic protease, cathepsin B a cysteine protease, and cathepsin G is a serine protease. Although several cathepsins have collagenolytic activity, there are no cathepsins among the metalloproteases. Most cathepsins are lysosomal proteases with acidic pH optima ranging from the extremely acidic pH optimum of cathepsin D (i.e., pH 2.8) to the slightly acidic pH optimum of cathepsin B (i.e., pH 6.5). On the other hand, cathepsin E has an acidic pH optimum (i.e., pH 3.0) yet is not lysosomal [3], and cathepsin S has a neutral pH optimum yet is lysosomal [4]. The lysosomal cathepsins are synthesized as pre-proenzymes and acquire N-linked oligosaccharides cotranslationally. Their maturation involves proteolytic processing and modification of the oligosaccharides, processes that occur during their trafficking to the lysosome and that affect their ability to bind to receptors that target them to the lysosomes [5–7]. As indicated earlier, the cathepsins are primarily endopeptidases, hydrolyzing internal peptide bonds. However, cathepsin H is an exopeptidase of the aminopeptidase class [8], and cathepsin B has both endopeptidase and exopeptidase activities, the latter as a carboxydipeptidase [9].

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Authors
  1. Wei-Ping Ren
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  2. Bonnie F. Sloane
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Cell Biology and Pharmacology, Lombardi Cancer Center, The Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road, 20007, Washington, DC, USA

    Robert B. Dickson PHD

  2. Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Lombardi Cancer Center, The Research Building, 20007, 3970 Reservoir Road, Washington, CD, USA

    Marc E. Lippman MD

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© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers

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Ren, WP., Sloane, B.F. (1996). Cathepsins D and B in breast cancer. In: Dickson, R.B., Lippman, M.E. (eds) Mammary Tumor Cell Cycle, Differentiation, and Metastasis. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 83. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1259-8_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1259-8_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

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  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1259-8

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