Abstract
Tumor growth and metastasis involve a complex interaction between tumor and nontumor cells, characterized by alterations in the regulation of cell behavior. The earliest stage of tumor formation is proliferation. Through genetic mutations, a cell or group of cells becomes refractory to normal growth regulation. The resultant mass of cells exerts pressure on surrounding tissue but does not cross tissue boundaries. Noninvasive tumors have been termed benign and can often be easily removed. The progression from a benign to a malignant tumor entails a series of steps involving both tumor cells and the surrounding tissue.
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Kantor, J.D., Zetter, B.R. (1996). Cell motility in breast cancer. In: Dickson, R.B., Lippman, M.E. (eds) Mammary Tumor Cell Cycle, Differentiation, and Metastasis. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 83. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1259-8_15
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