Abstract
Attention deficit disorder (ADD) is the diagnostic term used to describe children with developmentally inappropriate difficulties in attention and impulsivity in the DSM-III (American Psychiatric Association, 1980). It replaced the term hyperkinetic reaction of the DSM-II (American Psychiatric Association, 1968) and includes what is commonly referred to as hyperactivity as one of two subtypes of the disorder. Thus, according to DSM-III criteria, the child who presents with problems in attention, impulsivity, and motor overactivity would be diagnosed as ADD with hyperactivity (ADD/H), and the child who presents with inattention and impulsivity in the absence of hyperactivity would be diagnosed as ADD without hyperactivity (ADD/WO).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abikoff, H. (1985). Efficacy of cognitive training interventions in hyperactive children: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 5, 479–512.
Abikoff, H., & Gittelman, R. (1984). Does behavior therapy normalize the classroom behavior of hyperactive children? Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 449–454.
Abikoff, H., & Gittelman, R. (1985a). The normalizing effects of methylphenidate on the classroom behavior of ADDH children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 13, 33–44.
Abikoff, H., & Gittelman, R. (1985b). Hyperactive children treated with stimulants: Is cognitive training a useful adjunct? Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 953–961.
Ackerman, D. T., Dykman, R. A., & Oglesby, D. M. (1983). Sex and group differences in reading and attention deficit disordered children with and without hyperkinesis. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 16, 407–415.
American Psychiatric Association. (1968). Diagnostic and statistical manual (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and\statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., revised). Washington, DC: Author.
August, G. J., & Holmes. C. S. (1984). Behavior and academic achievement in hyperactive subgroups and learning—disabled boys: A six-year follow-up. American Journal of Disease in Children, 138, 1025–1029.
August, G. J., & Stewart, M. A. (1984). Familial subtypes of childhood hyperactivity. In S. Chess & A. Thomas (Eds.), Annual progress in child psychiatry and child development (pp. 364–377). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Baker, L., & Cantwell, D. P. (1982). Developmental, social, and behavioral characteristics of speech and language disordered children. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 12, 195–206.
Barkley, R. A. (1981). Hyperactive children: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. New York: Guilford Press.
Bennett, F. C., & Sherman, R. (1983). Management of childhood “hyperactivity” by primary care physicians. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 4, 88–93.
Brown, R. T., & Conrad, K. J. (1982). Impulse control or selective attention: Remedial programs for hyperactive children. Psychology in the Schools, 19, 92–97.
Brown, R. T., Wynne, M. E., & Medenis, R. (1985). Methylphenidate and cognitive therapy: A comparison of treatment approaches with hyperactive boys. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 13(1), 69–87.
Caparulo, B. K., Cohen, D. J., Rothman, S. L., Young, S. G., Katz, J. D., Shaywitz, S. E., & Shaywitz, B. A. (1981). Computed tomographic brain scanning in children with developmental neuropsychiatry disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 20, 338–357.
Carlson, C. L., & Lahey, B. B. (1987). Behavioral classroom intervention with children exhibiting conduct disorder or attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. In S. Elliott & F. Gresham (Eds.), Handbook of behavioral interventions in the classroom. New York: Plenum Press.
Cast, D. C., & Nelson, C. M. (1977). Timeout in the classroom: Implications for special education. Exceptional Children, 43, 461–464.
Cohen, N. J., Sullivan, J., Minde, K., Novak, C., & Helwig, C. (1983). Mother—child interaction in hyperactive and normal kindergarten—aged children and the effect of treatment. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 13, 213–224.
Deutsch, C. K., Swanson, J. M., Bruello, J. H., Cantwell, D. F., Weinberg, F., & Baren, M. (1982). Overrepresentation of adoptees in children with the attention deficit disorder. Behavioral Genetics, 12, 231–238.
Douglas, V. I. (1980). Treatment and training approaches to hyperactivity: Establishing internal or external control. In C. K. Whalen & B. Henker (Eds.), Hyperactive children: The social ecology of identification and treatment (pp. 283–318). New York: Academic Press.
Douglas, V. I. (1983). Attentional and cognitive problems. In M. Rutts (Ed.), Developmental neuropsychiatry (pp. 250–329). New York: Guilford Press.
Douglas, V. I., Parry, P., Marton, P., & Garson, C. (1976). Assessment of a cognitive training program for hyperactive children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 4(4), 389–410.
Drabman, R. S., & Lahey, B. B. (1974). Feedback in classroom behavior modification: Effects on the target child and classmates. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 591–598.
Drabman, R. S., & Spitalnick, R. (1973). Social isolation as a punishment procedure: A controlled study. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 16, 236–249.
Dulcan, M. (1985). Attention deficit disorder: Evaluation and treatment. Pediatric Annals, 14, 383–388.
Edelbrock, C., Costello, A. J., & Kessler, M. D. (1984). Empirical corroboration of the attention deficit disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 23, 285–290.
Firestone, P., & Douglas, V. I. (1975). The effects of reward and punishment on reaction times and autonomic activity in hyperactive and normal children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 3(3), 201–215.
Forehand, R., & McMahon, R. J. (1981). Helping the noncompliant child: A clinician’s guide to parent training. New York: Guilford Press.
Foxx, R. M., & Shapiro, R. T. (1978). A timeout ribbon: A nonexclusionary timeout procedure. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 11, 125–136.
Freibergs, V., & Douglas, V. I. (1969). Concept learning in hyperactive and normal children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 74(3), 388–395.
Friman, P. C., & Christopherson, E. R. (1983). Behavior therapy and hyperactivity: A brief review of therapy for a big problem. The Behavior Therapist, 6, 175–176.
Gittelman, R., Abikoff, H., Pollack, E., Klein, D. F., Katz, S., & Mattes, J. (1980). A controlled trial of behavior modification and methyphenidate in hyperactive children. In C. K. Whalen & B. Henker (Eds.), Hyperactive children: The social ecology of identification and treatment (pp. 221–243). New York: Academic Press.
Graham, P. (1979). Epidemiological studies. In H. C. Quay & J. S. Werry (Eds.), Psychopathological disorders of childhood (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.
Heavilon,J. C. (1980). A critical evaluation of treatment modalities for hyperkinesis in children. Doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon. (Dissertation Abstracts International, 1980, 41, 1915–1916B.).
Hechtman, L., & Weiss, G. (1983). Long—term outcome of hyperactive children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 53, 378–389.
Hechtman, L., Weiss, G., & Perlman, T. (1984). Young adult outcome of hyperactive children who received long-term stimulant treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 23, 261–269.
Hinshaw, S. P., Henker, B., & Whalen, C. K. (1984a). Self-control in hyperactive boys in anger—inducing situations: Effects of cognitive—behavioral training and of methylphenidate. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 12, 55–77.
Hinshaw, S. P., Whalen, C. K., & Henker, B. (1984b). Cognitive-behavioral and pharmocologic interventions for hyperactive boys: Comparative and combined effects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 739–749.
Hobbs, S. A., Moguin, L. E., Tyroler, M. & Lahey, B. B. (1980). Cognitive behavior therapy with children: Has clinical utility been demonstrated? Psychological Bulletin, 87, 147–165.
Horn, W. F., Chatoor, I., & Conners, C. K. (1983). Additive effects of dexedrine and self-control training: A multiple assessment. Behavior Modification, 7(3), 383–402.
Hughes, M. C., Goldman, B. L., & Snyder, N. F. (1983). Hyperactivity and the attention deficit disorder. American Family Physician, 27, 119–126.
King, C., & Young, R. D. (1982). Attentional deficits with and without hyperactivity: Teacher and peer perceptions. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10, 483–495.
Kinsbourne, M. (1983). Toward a model for the Attention Deficit Disorder. The Minnesota Symposium on Child Development, 16, 137–166.
Kubany, E. S., Weiss, L. E., & Slogett, B. B. (1971). The good behavior clock: A reinforcement/time out procedure for reducing disruptive classroom behavior. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 2, 178–179.
Lahey, B. B., & Strauss, C. C. (1982). Some considerations in evaluating the clinical utility of cognitive behavior therapy with children. School Psychology Review, 11, 67–74.
Lahey, B. B., Delamater, A., Kupfer, D. L., & Hobbs, S. A. (1978). Behavior aspects of learning disabilities and hyperactivity. Education and Urban Society, 10, 477–499.
Lahey, B. B., Green, K. D., & Forehand, R. (1980). On the independence of ratings of hyperactivity, conduct problems, and attention dysfunction children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 566–574.
Lahey, B. B., Schaughency, E. A., Strauss, C. C., & Frame, C. L. (1984). Are attention deficit disorders with and without hyperactivity similar or dissimilar disorders? Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 23, 302–309.
Lahey, B. B., Schaughency, E. A., Frame, C. L., & Strauss, C. C. (1985). Teacher ratings of attention problems in children experimentally classified as exhibiting attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, 613–616.
Lahey, B. B., Schaughency, E. A., Hynd, G. W., Carlson, C., Nieves, N. (in press). Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: Comparison of behavioral characteristics of clinic- referred children. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry.
LeBlanc, J. M., Busby, K. H., & Thomson, C. (1973). The functions of time out for changing aggressive behavior of a preschool child: A multiple baseline analysis. In R. E. Ulrich, T. S. Stachnik, & J. E. Mabry (Eds.), Control of human behavior: Behavior modification in education (Vol. 3, pp. 358–364). Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
Lobitz, W. C. (1974). A simple stimulus cue for controlling disruptive classroom behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2, 143–152.
Loney, S., Kramer, J., & Milich, R. (1981). The hyperactive child grows up: Prediction of symptoms, delinquency and achievement at follow-up. In K. Gadow & J. Loney (Eds.), Psychosocial aspects of drug treatment for hyperactivity. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Lou, H. C., Henriksen, L., & Bruhn, P. (1984). Focal cerebral hypoperfusion in children with dysphasia and/or attention deficit disorder. Archives of Neurology, 41, 825–829.
Luria, A. (1961). Role of speech in the regulation of normal and abnormal behaviors. New York: Liveright.
Marsh, D. T., Serafica, F. C., & Borenboim, C. (1980). Effect of perspective—taking training on interpersonal problem solving. Child Development, 51, 140–145.
Matson, J. L., & Schaughency, E. A. (1988). Mild and moderate mental retardation. In J. C. Witt, S. Elliott, & F. Gresham (Eds.), Handbook of behavior therapy in education. New York: Plenum.
Meichenbaum, D. H. & Goodman, J. (1971). Training impulsive children to talk to themselves: A means of developing self-control. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 77, 115–126.
Novaco, R. W. (1979). The cognitive regulation of anger and stress. In P. C. Kendall (Ed.), Cognitive—behavioral interventions: Theory, research and procedures, (pp. 241–285). New York: Academic Press.
O’Leary, K. D. (1980). Pills or skills for hyperactive children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 13, 191–204.
Parry, P. A., & Douglas, V. I. (1983). Effects of reinforcement on concept identification in hyperactive children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 11(2), 327–340.
Pelham, W. E., & Milich, R. (1984). Peer relations in children with hyperactivity/Attention deficit disorders. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 9, 560–567.
Pelham, W. E., Schnedler, R. W., Bologna, N. C., & Contreras, J. A. (1980). Behavioral and stimulant treatment of hyperactive children: A therapy study with methylphenidate probes in a within—subject design. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 13, 221–236.
Piacentini, J. C., Lahey, B. B., & Hynd, G. (1986). Personality characteristics of the mothers of conduct disordered and hyperactive children. Paper presented at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, Kissimmee, FL, March 26–29.
Pollard, S., Ward, E. M., & Barkley, R. A. (1983). The effects of parent training and Ritalin on parent—child interactions of hyperactive boys. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 5, 51–68.
Rapport, M. D., Murphy, H. A., & Bailey, J. S. (1980). The effects of a response cost treatment tactic on hyperactive children. Journal of School Psychology, 18, 98–111.
Rapport, M. D., Murphy, H. A., & Bailey, J. S. (1982). Ritalin vs. response cost in the control of hyperactive children: A within—subject comparison. Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis, 15, 205–216.
Sandoval, J., Lambert, N. M., & Sassone, D. M. (1981). The comprehensive treatment of hyperactive children: A continuing problem. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 14, 117–118.
Satterfield, J. H., Satterfield, B. T., & Cantwell, D. P. (1980). Multimodality treatment: A two—year evaluation of 61 hyperactive boys. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 915–919.
Satterfield, J. H., Hoppe, C. M., & Schell, A. M. (1982). A prospective study of delinquency in 110 adolescent boys with attention deficit disorder and 88 normal adolescent boys. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 119–120.
Schaughency, E. A., & Hynd, G. W. (1986). Attention and impulse control in attention deficit disorders (ADD): Neural control systems. Unpublished manuscript, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
Schaughency, E. A., Hurley, L. K., & Krahn, G. L. (1986). Assessment and differential diagnosis of Tourette’s syndrome. Unpublished manuscript, Oregon Health Sciences University.
Shaywitz, S. E., & Shaywitz, B. A. (1984). Devising the proper drug therapy for attention deficit disorders. Contemporary Pediatrics, 1, 12–24.
Sherman, C. F., & Anderson, R. B. (1980). Modification of attending behavior in hyperactive children. Psychology in the Schools, 17, 372–379.
Singer, S. M., Stewart, M. A., & Pulaski, L. (1981). Minimal brain dysfunction: Differences in cognitive organization in two groups of index cases and their relative. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 14, 470–473.
Shure, M. B., & Spivack, G. (1972). Means—ends thinking, adjustment, and social class among elementary school—aged children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 37, 389–394.
Sprague, R. L. (1983). Behavior modification and educational techniques. In M. Rutter (Ed.), Developmental neuropsychiatry (pp. 404–421). New York: Guilford Press.
Walden, E. L., & Thompson, S. A. (1981). Review of some alternative approaches to drug management of hyperactivity in children. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 14, 213–238.
Weiss, G. (1983). Long term outcome: Findings, concepts, and practical implications. In M. Rutter (Ed.), Developmental neuropsychiatry (pp. 422–436). New York: Guilford Press.
Wender, P. (1971). Minimal brain dysfunction in children. New York: Wiley.
Williamson, G. A., Anderson, R. P., & Lundy, N. C. (1980). The ecological treatment of hyperkinesis. psychology in the Schools, 17, 249–256.
Williamson, D. A., Calpin, J. P., Dilorenzo, T. M., Garris, R. P., & Petti, T. A. (1981). Treating hyperactivity with Dexedrine and activity feedback. Behavior Modification, 5, 399–416.
Wright, G. I. (1982). Attention deficit disorder. Journal of School Psychology, February 19–120.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schaughency, E.A., Walker, J., Lahey, B.B. (1988). Attention Deficit Disorder and Hyperactivity. In: Matson, J.L. (eds) Handbook of Treatment Approaches in Childhood Psychopathology. Applied Clinical Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0983-3_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0983-3_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8277-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0983-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive