Abstract
Excessive exposure to heavy metals has been associated with a variety of health effects in humans. These findings have usually been reported for both acute and chronic exposure conditions, mainly involving industrial workers. The health consequences associated with low level environmental exposures are more difficult to evaluate. Assessment of toxic metal exposure in most human studies has generally relied on monitoring biological tissues such as blood, urine, saliva, hair, or nail clippings. The relationship between these biological monitoring media and the body burden of the toxic metal, particularly for long-term exposures, can be of special interest. Depending on the metal, the values obtained for these biological tissues may be significantly influenced by recent exposure conditions and may be only marginally useful as accurate indices of body burden. It becomes desirable, therefore, to have direct in vivo monitoring techniques that quantify the toxic metal burden in the body or in specific target organs.
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© 1988 Plenum Press, New York
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Ellis, K.J. (1988). In Vivo Monitoring of Toxic Metals: Assessment of Neutron Activation and X-Ray Fluorescence Techniques. In: Clarkson, T.W., Friberg, L., Nordberg, G.F., Sager, P.R. (eds) Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals. Rochester Series on Environmental Toxicity. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0961-1_24
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0961-1_24
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