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Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals pp 499–511Cite as

In Vivo Monitoring of Toxic Metals: Assessment of Neutron Activation and X-Ray Fluorescence Techniques

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Part of the book series: Rochester Series on Environmental Toxicity ((RSET))

Abstract

Excessive exposure to heavy metals has been associated with a variety of health effects in humans. These findings have usually been reported for both acute and chronic exposure conditions, mainly involving industrial workers. The health consequences associated with low level environmental exposures are more difficult to evaluate. Assessment of toxic metal exposure in most human studies has generally relied on monitoring biological tissues such as blood, urine, saliva, hair, or nail clippings. The relationship between these biological monitoring media and the body burden of the toxic metal, particularly for long-term exposures, can be of special interest. Depending on the metal, the values obtained for these biological tissues may be significantly influenced by recent exposure conditions and may be only marginally useful as accurate indices of body burden. It becomes desirable, therefore, to have direct in vivo monitoring techniques that quantify the toxic metal burden in the body or in specific target organs.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Children Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA

    Kenneth J. Ellis

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  1. Kenneth J. Ellis
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Rochester Shool of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA

    Thomas W. Clarkson

  2. The Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

    Lars Friberg

  3. University of Umea, Umea, Sweden

    Gunnar F. Nordberg

  4. Stauffer Chemical Company, Farmington, Connecticut, USA

    Polly R. Sager

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© 1988 Plenum Press, New York

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Ellis, K.J. (1988). In Vivo Monitoring of Toxic Metals: Assessment of Neutron Activation and X-Ray Fluorescence Techniques. In: Clarkson, T.W., Friberg, L., Nordberg, G.F., Sager, P.R. (eds) Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals. Rochester Series on Environmental Toxicity. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0961-1_24

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0961-1_24

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-306-42809-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0961-1

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