Abstract
Neuroontogenesis results from the integration of various elementary events such as cell proliferation, migration, and death, synaptogenesis, and synaptolysis. This chapter describes those aspects of the mechanisms involved in nervous system development that might potentially help to improve the management of nervous system injury. Some of these aspects are (1) the neuronal proliferation that has been shown to persist in some instances in the brain of adult birds and mammals and (2) the neuronal migration that involves complex cellular and molecular interactions between neurons and guiding glial cells. Some of these interactions would also play a role in the control of axonal elongation. Also involved are (3) the neuronotrophic influences of various origins that are thought to regulate neuronal cell survival, including the well-demonstrated model of nerve growth factor. Neuronal survival could, however, result from a delicate balance between these neuronotrophic influences and recently described endogenous neuronotoxic activities, which are in some cases related to the putative excitatory neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate. Finally, there is (4) the role of astrocytic cells in the release of neuronotrophic and neuronotoxic activities and the control by growth (mitogenic) factors of the proliferation of developing astrocytes and oligodendrocytes that play a major role in brain reaction to injury.
Understanding the regulation of these developments events might potentially expand research into new therapeutic areas and generate new concepts concerning neuronal replacement, prevention of secondary neuronal cell death, stimulation of neuronal regeneration, and control of glial cell proliferation in the injured nervous system.
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Moonen, G., Delree, P., Leprince, P., Rigo, JM., Rogister, B., Lefebvre, P.P. (1988). Developmental Neurobiology and the Physiopathology of Brain Injury. In: Stein, D.G., Sabel, B.A. (eds) Pharmacological Approaches to the Treatment of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0927-7_13
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