Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Maize Chlorotic Dwarf and Related Viruses

  • Chapter
The Plant Viruses

Part of the book series: The Viruses ((VIRS))

Abstract

Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV), which has a polyhedral particle about 30 nm in diameter, was designated as the type member of the Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Virus group in 1981 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (Matthews, 1982). The rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) has similar characteristics and is listed as a probable member. RTSV is one of two morphologically distinct particles involved in rice tungro and related diseases of rice in the Far East. The second is that of the rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV), which is 35 nm in diameter and 150’350 nm long (Hibino et al., 1978; Saito, 1977; Saito et al., 1981). In many rice tungro studies the contribution of RTSV cannot be separated from that of RTBV. Therefore, this discussion will focus on MCDV and the disease it causes, maize chlorotic dwarf (MCD), but will include information on rice tungro and related diseases if the spherical particle was clearly identified. Diseases considered to be related to the rice tungro disease found in the Philippines are: rice waika in Japan, leaf yellowing in India, penyakit habang and mentek in Indonesia, penyakit merah in Malaysia, and yellow-orange leaf in Thailand (Ling and Tiongco, 1979). Several reviews summarize information on this group of diseases (Ling, 1972; Ling and Tiongco, 1979; Shikata, 1979).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • All, J. N., 1983, Integrating techniques of vector and weed-host suppression into control programs for maize virus diseases, in: Proceedings of the International Maize Virus Disease Colloquium and Workshop(D. T. Gordon, J. K. Knoke, L. R. Nault, and R. M. Ritter, eds.), pp. 243–247, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster.

    Google Scholar 

  • All, J. N., Kuhn, C. W., and Iellum, M. D., 1976, The changing status of corn virus diseases: Potential value of a systematic insecticide, Georgia Agricultural Research 17(4):4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • All, J. N., Kuhn, C. W., Gallaher, R. N., Iellum, M. D., and Hussey, R. S., 1977, Influence of no-tillage-cropping, carbofuran, and hybrid resistance on dynamics of maize chlorotic dwarf and maize dwarf mosaic diseases of corn, J. Econ. Entomol. 70:221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alverson, D. R., All, J. N., and Kuhn, C. W., 1980, Simulated intrafield dispersal of maize chlorotic dwarf virus by Graminella nigrifronswith a rubidium marker, Phytopathology 70:734.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ayers, J. E., Boyle, J. S., and Gordon, D. T., 1978, The occurrence of maize chlorotic dwarf and maize dwarf mosaic viruses in Pennsylvania in 1977, Plant Dis. Rep. 62:820.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhirud, K. M., and Pitre, H. N., 1972, Bioactivity of systemic insecticides in corn: Relationship to leafhopper vector control and corn stunt disease incidence, J. Econ. Entomol. 65:1134.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradfute, O. E., and Robertson, D. C., 1981, Electron microscopy of viruses and virus-infected cells of maize, in: Virus and Viruslike Diseases of Maizein the United States(D. T. Gordon, J. K. Knoke, and G. E. Scott, eds.), pp. 25–32, Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 247, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradfute, O. E., Gingery, R. E., Gordon, D. T., and Nault, L. R., 1972, Tissue ultrastructure, sedimentation and leafhopper transmission of a virus associated with maize dwarfing disease, J. Cell Biol. 55:25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradfute, O. E., Louie, R., and Knoke, J. K., 1972 Isometric viruslike particles in maize with stunt symptoms, Phytopathologys 62:748.

    Google Scholar 

  • Choudhury, M. M., and Rosenkranz, E., 1973, Differential transmission of Mississippi and Ohio corn stunt agents by Graminella nigrifrons, Phytopathology 63:127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choudhury, M. M., and Rosenkranz, E., 1983, Vector relationship of Graminella nigrifronsto maize chlorotic dwarf virus, Phytopathology 73 :685.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, J.L., Kuhn, C. W., and Iellum, M. D., 1978, Corn virus disease control, University of Georgia College of Agriculture Cooperative Extension Service Circular No. 635 (revised).

    Google Scholar 

  • Damsteegt, V.D., 1976, A naturally occurring corn virus epiphytotic, Plant Dis. Rep. 60:858.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derrick, K. S., and Brlansky, R. H., 1976, Assay for viruses and mycoplasmas using serologically specific electron microscopy, Phytopathology 66 :815.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Findley, W. R., Josephson, L. M., and Dollinger, E. J., 1981, Breeding for disease resistance in corn, in: Virus and Viruslike Diseases of Maizein the United States(D. T. Gordon, J. K. Knoke, and G. E. Scott, eds.), pp. 137–140, Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 247, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Findley, W. R., Nault, L. R., Styer, W. E., and Gordon, D. T., 1983, Zea diploperennisas a source of maize chlorotic dwarf virus resistance: A progress report, in: Proceedings of the International Maize Virus Disease Colloquium and Workshop(D. T. Gordon, J. K. Knoke, L. R. Nault, and R. M. Ritter, eds.), pp. 255–257, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, R. E., and Milbrath, G. M., 1981, Environmental factors influencing disease development: Corn diseases caused by viruses and spiroplasma, in: Virus and Viruslike Diseases of Maize in the United States(D. T. Gordon, J. K. Knoke, and G. E. Scott, eds.), pp. 88–91, Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 247, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Francki, R. I. B., Milne, R. G., and Hatta, T., 1985, Maize chlorotic dwarf virus group, in: Atlas of Plant Viruses, Volume I, (Francki, R. I. B., Milne, R. G., and Hatta, T.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galvez, G. E., 1968, Purification and characterization of rice tungro virus by analytical density-gradient centrifugation, Virology 35 :418.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gingery, R. E., 1976, Properties of maize chlorotic dwarf virus and its ribonucleic acid, Virology 79 :311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gingery, R. E., 1978, An immunofluorescence test for maize chlorotic dwarf virus, Phytopathology 68:1526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gingery, R. E., Gordon, D. T., Nault, L.R., and Bradfute, O. E., 1981, Maize chlorotic dwarf virus, in: Handbook of Plant Virus Infections and Comparative Diagnosis(E.Kurstak, ed.), pp. 19–32, Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, D. T., 1977, Routine serological assays for diagnosis of maize virus diseases, in: Proceedings of the International Maize Virus Disease Colloquium and Workshop(L. E. Williams, D. T. Gordon, and L. R. Nault, eds.), pp. 99–102, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, D. T., and Nault, L. R., 1977, Involvement of maize chlorotic dwarf virus and other agents in stunting diseases of Zea maysin the United States, Phytopathology 67:27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, D. T., Findley, W. R., Knoke, J. K., Louie, R., Nault, L. R., Bradfute, O. E., Dollinger, E. J., and Gingery, R. E., 1974a, Distinguishing symptoms and latest research findings on corn virus diseases in the United States, in: Proceedings of the 29th Annual Corn and Sorghum Research Conference, pp. 153–173, American Seed Trade Association, Washington, D. C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, D. T., Findley, W. R., Knoke, J. K., Louie, R., Nault, L. R., Bradfute, O. E., Dollinger, E. J., and Gingery, R. E., 1974b, Maize dwarf mosaic and maize chlorotic dwarf diseases in the United States, in: Proceedings of the Corn Disease Conference(Feb. 11–12, 1974), pp. 52–86, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, D. T., Bradfute, O. E., Gingery, R. E., Knoke, J. K., Louie, R., Nault, L. R., and Scott, G. E., 1981, Introduction: History, geographical distribution, pathogen characteristics, and economic importance, in: Virus and Viruslike Diseases of Maize in the United States(D. T. Gordon, J. K. Knoke, and G. E. Scott, eds.), pp. 137–140, Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 247, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grogan, C. E., and Rosenkranz, E. E., 1968, Genetics of host reaction to corn stunt virus, Crop. Sci. 8:251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gustin, R. D., and Stoner, W. N., 1968, Biology of Deltocephalus sonorus (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 61:77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guthrie, W. D., Tseng, C. T., Knoke, J. K., and Jarvis, J. L., 1982, European corn borer and maize chlorotic dwarf virus resistance-susceptibility in inbred lines of dent maize, Maydica 27:221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, K. F., 1979, Leafhopper and aphids as biological vectors: Vector-virus relationships, in: Leafhopper Vectors and Plant Disease Agents(K. Maramorosch and K. F. Harris, eds.), pp. 217–308, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, K. F., 1981, Arthropod and nematode vectors of plant viruses, Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 19:391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, K. F., and Childress, S. A., 1981, Mechanism of maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV) transmission by its leafhopper vector, Graminella nigrifrons, in: 81st Annual Meeting of the American Society of Microbiology(1–6 March, 1981), p. 251, Dallas, Texas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, K. F., and Childress, S. A., 1983, Cytology of maize chlorotic dwarf virus infection in corn, Int. J. Trop. Plant Dis. 1:135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinricks, E. A., 1979, Control of leafhopper and planthopper vectors of rice viruses, in: Leafhopper Vectors and Plant Disease Agents(K. Maramorosch and K. F. Harris, eds.), pp. 529–560, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hibino, H., 1983, Transmission of two rice tungro-associated viruses and rice waika virus from doubly and singly infected source plants by leafhopper vectors, Plant Dis. 67:774.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hibino, H., Roechan, M., and Sudarisman, S., 1978, Association of two types of virus particles with penyakit habang (tungro disease) of rice in Indonesia, Phytopathology 68: 1412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hibino, H., Saleh, N., and Roechan, M., 1979, Transmission of two kinds of rice tungroassociated viruses by insect vectors, Phytopathology 69: 1266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iltis, H. H., Doebley, J. F., Guzman, H. R., and Pazy, B., 1979, Zea diploperennis (Gramineae): A new teosinte from Mexico, Science 203: 186.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keaster, A. J., and Fairchild, M. L., 1968, Reduction of corn virus disease incidence and control of southwestern corn borer with systemic insecticides,. J. Econ. Entomol. 61:367.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keaster, A. J., Zuber, M. S., Fairchild, M. L., and Loesh Jr., P. J., 1969, Effect of planting dates on the incidence and severity of corn virus diseases, Agron. J. 61:363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knoke, J. K., and Louie, R., 1981, Epiphytology of maize virus diseases, in: Virus and Viruslike Diseases of Maize in the United States(D. T. Gordon, J. K. Knoke, and G. E. Scott, eds.), pp. 92–102, Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 247, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoke, J. K., Anderson, R. J., Findley, W. R., Louie, R., Abt, J. J., and Gordon, D. T., 1981, The reaction of sweet corn hybrids to maize dwarf mosaic strains and maize chlorotic dwarf virus, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Research Bulletin No. 1135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoke, J. K., Anderson, R. J., Louie, R., Madden, L. V., and Findley, W. R., 1983, Insect vectors of maize dwarf mosaic virus and maize chlorotic dwarf virus, in: Proceedings of the International Maize Virus Disease Colloquium and Workshop (D. T. Gordon, J. K. Knoke, L. R. Nault, and R. M. Ritter, eds.), pp. 130–138, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, J. P., 1967, A taxonomic study of Graminella nigtifrons, a vector of corn stunt disease, and its cogeners in the United States (Homoptera:Cicadellidae:Deltocephalinae), Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 60:604.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, C. W., Iellum, M. D., and All, J. N., 1975, Effect of carbofuran treatment on corn yield, maize chlorotic dwarf and maize dwarf mosaic virus diseases, and leafhopper populations, Phytopathology 65: 1017.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ling, K. C., 1966, Nonpersistence of the tungro virus of rice in its leafhopper vector, Nephotettix impicticeps, Phytopathology 56:1252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ling, K. C., 1972, Rice Virus Diseases, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ling, K. C., 1973, Synonymies of Insect Vectors of Rice Viruses, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ling, K. C., and Tiongco, E. R., 1979, Transmission of rice tungro virus at various temperatures: A transitory virus-vector interaction, in: Leafhopper Vectors and Plant Disease Agents(K. Maramorosch and K. F. Harris, eds.), pp. 349–366, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Louie, R., Knoke, J. K., and Gordon, D. T., 1974, Epiphytotics of maize dwarf mosaic and maize chlorotic dwarf diseases in Ohio, Phytopathology 64:1455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Main, C. E., Nusser, S. M., and Bragg, A. W., 1984, Crop losses in North Carolina due to plant diseases and nematodes, North Carolina State University Department of Plant Pathology Special Publication, No.3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, R. E. F., 1982, Classification and nomenclature of viruses: Fourth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, Intervirology 17:1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naidu, B., and Josephson, L. M., 1976, Genetic analysis of resistance to the corn virus disease complex, Crop Sci. 16:167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nault, L. R., 1977, Vectors of maize viruses, in: Proceedings of the International Maize Virus Disease Colloquium and Workshop(L. E. Williams, D. T. Gordon, and L. R. Nault, eds.), pp. 111-l15, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nault, L. R., and Bradfute, O. E., 1979, Corn stunt: Involvement of a complex of leafhopperborne pathogens, in: Leafhopper Vectors and Plant Disease Agents(K. Maramorosch and K. F. Harris, eds.), pp. 561–586, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nault, L. R., and Knoke, J. K., 1981, Maize vectors, in: Virus and Viruslike Diseases of Maize in the United States(D. T. Gordon, J. K. Knoke, and G. E. Scott, eds.), pp. 77–84, Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 247, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nault, L. R., Styer, W. E., Knoke, J. K., and Pitre, H. N., 1973, Semipersistent transmission of leafhopper-borne maize chlorotic dwarf virus, J. Econ. Entomol. 66:1271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nault, L. R., Gordon, D. T., Robertson, D. C., and Bradfute, O. E., 1976, Host range of maize chlorotic dwarf virus, Plant Dis. Rep. 60:374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nault, L. R., Gordon, D. T., Damsteegt, V. D., and Iltis, H. H., 1982, Response of annual and perennial teosintes (Zea) to six maize viruses, Plant Dis. 66:61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Omura, T., Saito, Y., Usugi, T., and Hibino, H., 1983, Purification and serology of rice tungro spherical and rice tungro bacilliform viruses, Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 49:73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pathak, M. D., 1970, Genetics of plants in pest management, in: Concepts of Pest Management(R. L. Rabb and F. E. Guthrie, eds.), pp. 138–157, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirone, T. P., Bradfute, O. E., Freytag, P. H., Lung, M. C. Y., and Poneleit, C. G., 1972, Virus-like particles associated with a leafhopper transmitted disease of corn in Kentucky, Plant Dis. Rep. 56:652.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitre, H. N., 1968, A preliminary study of corn stunt vector populations in relation to corn planting dates in Mississippi. Notes on disease incidence and severity, J. Econ. Entomol. 61:847.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rains, B. D., and Christensen, C. M., 1983, Effect of soil-applied carbofuran on transmission of maize chlorotic dwarf virus and maize dwarf mosaic virus to susceptible field corn hybrid, J. Econ. Entomol. 76:290.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reeves, J. T., Jackson, A. O., Paschke, J. D., and Lister, R. M., 1978, Use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serodiagnosis of two maize viruses, Plant Dis. Rep. 62:667.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenkranz, E. 1969, A new leafhopper-transmissible corn stunt disease agent in Ohio, Phytopathology 59: 1344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saito, Y., 1977, Interrelationship among waika disease, tungro disease and other similar diseases of rice in Asia, in: Symposium on Virus Diseases of Tropical Crops(Tropical Agriculture Research Series No. 10), pp. 129–135, Tropical Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saito, Y., Hibino, H., Omura, T., and Usugi, T., 1981, Transmission of rice tungro bacilliform virus and rice tungro spherical virus by leafhopper vectors, Proceedings of the 5th International Congress for VirologyNo. 213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, G. E., and Rosenkranz, E. E., 1977, Location of genes conditioning resistance to the corn stunting disease complex in maize, Crop Sci. 17:923.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, G. E., Rosenkranz, E. E., and Nelson, L. R., 1977,Yield loss of corn due to corn stunt disease complex, Agron. J. 69:92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sedlacek, J. D., and Freytag, P. H., 1982, Seasonal occurrence of Graminella nigrifrons(Forbes) in corn and pasture ecosystems in Kentucky, in: Abstracts of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Northcentral Branch of the Entomological Society of AmericaNo. 30 (23–25 March, 1982), Entomological Society of America, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedlacek, J. K., and Freytag, P. H., 1983, Field biology of Graminella nigrifrons(Forbes): Vector of maize chlorotic dwarf virus in Kentucky, in: Abstracts of the 38th Annual Meeting of the North Central Branch of the Entomological Society of America, No. 98 (15–1 7 March, 1983) Entomological Society of America, St. Louis, Missouri.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shikata, E., 1979, Rice viruses and MLO’s, and leafhopper vectors, in: Leafhopper Vectors and Plant Disease Agents(K. Maramorosch and K. F. Harris, eds.), pp. 515–527, Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Simons, J. N., and Zitter, T. A., 1980, Use of oils to control aphid-borne viruses, Plant Dis. 64:542.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, C., Gudauskas, R. T., and Karr, G. W., Jr., 1976, Seasonal incidence of two viral diseases of corn, J. Ala. Acad. Sci. 47: 130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, C., Gudauskas, R. T., Karr, G. W., and Estes, P. M., 1977, Effects of carbofuran on incidence of maize chlorotic dwarf and maize dwarf mosaic in corn, J. Ala. Acad. Sci. 48:57

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoner, W. N., and Gustin, R. D., 1967, Biology of Graminella nigrifrons(Homoptera: Cicadellidae), a vector of corn (maize) stunt virus, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 60:496.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sylvester, E. S., 1969, Virus transmission by aphids-viewpoint, in: Viruses, Vectors, and Vegetation (K. Maramorosch, ed.), pp. 159–173, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, USA

    R. E. Gingery

Authors
  1. R. E. Gingery
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Plant Viral Diseases, Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany

    Renate Koenig

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gingery, R.E. (1988). Maize Chlorotic Dwarf and Related Viruses. In: Koenig, R. (eds) The Plant Viruses. The Viruses. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0921-5_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0921-5_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8246-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0921-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation