Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Orderly Decay of Order in the Regulation of Aging Processes

  • Chapter
Self-Organizing Systems

Part of the book series: Life Science Monographs ((LSMO))

Abstract

Processes of aging are discussed in a comparative context, with emphasis on reproductive neuroendocrine functions of mammals. Two general hypotheses of aging are discussed. The first proposes that aging results from processes intrinsic to each cell, which may involve mutations and other types of random macromolecular damage. The second proposes that aging in the organism is regulated by factors extrinsic to most cells, such as hormones. The present evidence is interpreted to argue against random damage as a major factor in mammalian aging, since some aging changes can be manipulated by hormones or diet. The dissociability of chronological and physiological age by experimental manipulations suggests that biological senescence in some organisms mainly involves changes that are “event-dependent” rather that “age-dependent.” Then, the temporal plasticity of some developmental and aging processes is compared to heterochronic changes during evolution, in which changes in the timing of developmental events are viewed as major substrates for evolutionary change. Knowledge of the genetic loci that control developmental timing may give insights into controls on the timing of age changes. —The Editor

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

REFERENCES

  • Adelman, R. C. (1970) An age dependent modification of enzyme regulation. J. Biol Chem. 245:1032–1036.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adelman, R. C. (1977) Macromolecular metabolism during aging. In: Handbook of the Biology of Aging, C. E. Finch, L. Hayflick (eds.). Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J., pp. 63–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adelman, R.C., G.W. Britton, S. Rotenberg, L. Ceci, K. Karoly (1978) Endocrine regulation of enzyme activity in aging animals of different genotypes. In: Genetic Effects on Aging, D. Bergsma, D. E. Harrison (eds.). Original Article Series Vol. 14, No. 1. Liss, New York, pp. 355–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andres, R., and J. Tobin (1977) Endocrine systems and aging. In: Handbook of the Biology of Aging, C. E. Finch and L. Hayflick (eds.). Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J., pp. 357–378.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnold, A. P., R. A. Gorski (1984) Gonadal steroid induction of structural sex differences in the central nervous system. Annu. Rev. Neurosci.7:413–442.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aschheim, P. (1965) Resultats fournis par la greffe heterochrone des ovarie dans l’etude de la regulation hypothalamus-hypophyso-ovarienne de la ratte senile. Gerontologia 10:65–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aschheim, P.(1976) Aging in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian axis in the rat. In: Hypothalamus, Pituitary, and Aging, A. V. Everitt, J. A. Burgess (eds.). Thomas, Springfield, 111, pp. 376–416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barraclough, C. A., P. M. Wise (1982) The role of catecholamines in the regulation of pituitary luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone secretion. Endocr. Rev. 3:91–119.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, E., L. F. Marek, D. S. Levinstone, C. Merrill, S. Sher, I. T. Young, and M. Eden (1978) Loss of division potential in vitro: Aging or differentiation? Science 202:1158–1163.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bertin, L. (1956) Eels: A Biological Study.Cleaver-Hume Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertrand, H. A., E. J. Masoro, and B. P. Yu (1980) Maintenance of glucagon-promoted lipolysis in adipocytes by food restriction. Endocrinology 107:591–595.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brawer, J. R., F. Naftolin, J. Martin, C. Sonnenschein (1978) Effects of a single injection of estradiol valerate on the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and on reproductive function in the female rat. Endocrinology 103:501–512.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brawer, J. R., K. B. Ruf, F. Naftolin (1980) Effects of estradiol-induced lesions of the arcuate nucleus on gonadotropin release in response to preoptic stimulation in the rat. Neuroendocrinology 30:144–149.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brody, H. (1976) An examination of cerebral cortex and brainstem aging. In: Neurobiology of Aging, R. D. Terry and S. Gershon (eds.). Raven Press, New York, pp. 177–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulbrook, R. D., J. L. Hayward, C. C. Spicer (1971) Relation between urinary androgen and corticoid excretion and subsequent breast cancer. Lancet 2:395–398.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butcher, R. L., J. D. Blue, N. W. Fugo (1969) Overripeness and the mammalian ova. III. Fetal development at midgestation and at term. Fertil.Steril. 20:223–231.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaconas, G., C. E. Finch (1973) The effect of aging on RNA/DNA ratios in brain regions of the C57BL/6J male mouse. J. Neurochem. 21:1469–1473.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colman, P. D., B. B. Kaplan, H. H. Osterburg, C. E. Finch (1980) Brain Poly(A)RNA during aging: Stability of yield and sequence complexity in two rat strains. J. Neurochem. 34:335–345.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, R. L., S. J. Brandt, M. Linnoila, R. F. Walker (1979) Induced ovulation in aged female rats by L-dopa implants into the medial preoptic area. Neuroendocrinology 28:234–240.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, E.H., R.J. Britten (1979) Regulation of gene expression: possible role of repetitive sequences. Science 204:1052–1059.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeLong, R., L. Poplin (1977) On the etiology of aging. J. Theor. Biol. 67:111–120.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Denckla, W. D. (1974) Role of the pituitary and thyroid glands in the decline of minimal 02 consumption with age. J. Clin. Invest. 53:572–581.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edelmann, P., J. Gallant (1977) On the translational error theory of aging. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:3396–3398.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Everett, J. W. (1939) Spontaneous persistent estrous in a strain of albino rats. Endocrinology 25:123–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fabris, N.(1982) Neuroendocrine-immune network in aging. In: Developmental Immunology: Clinical Problems and Aging, Academic Press, New York, pp. 291–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Felicio, L. S., J. F. Nelson, R. C. Gosden, C. E. Finch (1983) Long-term ovariectomy delays the loss of ovulating cycling potential in aging mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:6076–6080.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Felicio, L. S., J. F. Nelson, C. E. Finch (1986) Prolongation of cessation of estrous cycles in aging C57BL/6J mice and differentially regulated events. Bio. Repro.,34:849–858.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finch, C. E. (1971) Comparative biology of senescence: Some evolutionary and developmental considerations. In: Animal Models for Biomedical Research, No. IV.National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C, pp. 47–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finch, C. E. (1972) Cellular pacemakers of ageing in mammals. In: Proc. 1st European Conference on Cell Differentiation (Nice, 1971). R. Harris, D. Viza (eds.). Munksgaard, Copenhagen, pp. 123–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finch, C. E. (1973a) Retardation of hair growth, a phenomenon of senescence in C57BL/6J male mice. J. Gerontol. 28:13–17.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finch, C. E. (1973b) Catecholamine metabolism in the brains of ageing, male mice. Brain Res. 52:261–276.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finch, C. E. (1976) The regulation of physiological changes during mammalian aging. Q. Rev. Biol. 51:49–83.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finch, C. E. (1979) Neuroendocrine mechanisms and aging. Fed. Proc. 38:178–183.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finch, C. E., (1987) Neural and endocrine determinents of senescence. In: Modern Biological Theories of Aging, H. Warner (ed.) Raven, N.Y., pp. 261–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finch, C. E., and K. Flurkey (1977) The molecular biology of estrogen replacement therapy. Contemp. Obstet. Gynecol. 9:97–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finch, C. E., P. W. Landfield (1985) Neuroendocrine and autonomic functions in aging mammals. In: Handbook of the Biology of Aging, 2nd ed., C. E. Finch and E. L. Schneider (eds.). Van Nostrand, New York, N. Y., pp. 79–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finch, C. E., J. R. Foster, A. E. Mirsky (1969) Ageing and the regulation of cell activities during exposure to cold. J. Gen. Physiol.54:690–712.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finch, C. E., L. S. Felicio, K. Flurkey, D. M. Gee, C. Mobbs, J. F. Nelson, H. H. Osterburg (1980) Studies on ovarian-hypothalamic-pituitary interactions during reproductive aging in C57BL/6J mice. Peptides 1(Suppl. 1): pp. 163–175.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finch, C. E., L. S. Felicio, C. V. Mobbs, J. F. Nelson (1984) Ovarian and steroidal influences on neuroendocrine aging processes in female rodents. Endocr. Rev. 5:467–497.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flatmark, T. (1967) Multiple molecular forms of bovine heart cytochrome C. V. A comparative study of their physicochemical properties and their reactions in biological systems. J. Biol. Chem. 242:2454–2459.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frantz, A. G., M. T. Rabkin (1965) Effects of estrogen and sex difference on human growth hormone. J. Clin. Endocrinol. 25:1470–1490.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fugo, N. W., R. L. Butcher (1971) Effects of prolonged estrous cycles on reproduction in aged rats. Fertil. Steril. 22:98–101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gee, D.M., K. Flurkey, C.E. Finch (1983) Aging and the regulation of luteinizing hormone in C57BL/6J mice: Impaired elevations after ovariectomy and spontaneous elevations at advanced ages. Biol. Reprod. 28:598–607.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gershon, H., D. Gershon (1973) Altered enzyme molecules in senescent organisms: Mouse muscle aldolase. Mech. Ageing Dev. 2:33–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, A.L., A.C. St. John (1976) Intracellular protein degradation in mammalian cells, part 2. Annu. Rev. Biochem.45:747–803.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, A., J.A. Hooper, R.S. Schulof, G.H. Cohen, G.B. Thurman, M.C. McDaniel, A. White, M. Dardenne (1974) Thymosin and the immunopathology of aging. Fed. Proc. 33:2053–2056.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, H.A., E. Bruckner-Kardoss, B.S. Wostman (1966) Aging in germfree mice: Life tables and lesions observed at natural death. J. Gerontol. 21:380–387.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gosden, R.G., S.C. Fyfe, L.S. Felicio, J.F. Nelson, C.E. Finch (1983) Imminent oocyte exhaustion and reduced follicular recruitment mark the transition to acyclicity in aging C57BL/6J mice. Biol. Reprod. 28:255–260.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gould, S.J. (1977) Ontogeny and Phylogeny.Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harlan, R.E., R.A. Gorski (1977) Steroid regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion in normal and androgenized rats at different ages. Endocrinology 101:741–749.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harlan, R.E., R.A. Gorski (1978) Effects of postpubertal ovarian steroids on reproductive function and sexual differentiation of lightly androgenized rats. Endocrinology 102:1716–1724.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harley, C.B., J.W. Pollard, J.W. Chamberlain, C.P. Stanners, S. Goldstein (1980) Protein synthetic errors do not increase during aging of cultured human fibroblasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:1885–1889.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harman, S.M., G.B. Talbert (1970) The effect of maternal age on ovulation, corpora lutea of pregnancy, and implantation failure in mice. J. Reprod. Fertil. 23:33–39.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, R.W., R.B. Setlow (1974) Correlation between deoxyribonucleic acid excision-repair and life-span in a number of mammalian species. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:2169–2173.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayflick, L. (1977) The cellular basis for biological aging. In: Handbook of the Biology of Aging, C. E. Finch, L. Hayflick (eds.). Van Nostrand, Princeton, Ch. 7, pp. 159–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendry, L.B., F.H. Witham (1979) Stereochemical recognition in nucleic acid-amino acid interactions and its implications in biological coding: A model approach. Perspect. Biol. Med. 22:333–345.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hendry, L.B., F.H. Witham, O.L. Chapman (1977) Gene regulation: The involvement of stereochemical recognition in DNA-small molecule interactions. Perspect. Biol. Med. 21:120–130.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hertig, A.T. (1967) Human trophoblast; normal and abnormal: A plea for the study of the normal so as to understand the abnormal. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 47:249–268.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, G.P., R.A. Popp, M.C. Francis, B.S. Bradshars, E.G. Bailiff (1980) Species comparison of protein synthesis accuracy. In: Aging, Cancer, and Cell Membranes, C. Brek, C.M. Fenoglio, D.W. King (eds.). Thieme-Stratton, New York, 7:142–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland, J.J., D.Kohne, M.V. Doyle (1973) Analysis of virus replication in ageing human fibroblast cultures. Nature 245:316–318.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jerne, N. (1976) The immune system: A web of V-domains. Harvey Lec. 70:pp. 93–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E. C., P. L. Krohn (1961a) The relationships between age, numbers of oocytes, and fertility in virgin and multiparous mice. J. Endocrinol. 21:469–496.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E.G., P.L. Krohn (1961b) The effect of hypophysectomy on age changes in the ovaries of mice. J. Endocrinol. 20:497–508.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kram, D., E.L. Schneider (1978) An effect of reproductive aging: Increased risk of genetically abnormal offspring. In: Aging and Reproduction, E.L. Schneider (ed.). Raven Press, New York, pp. 237–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landfield, P., J. Waymore, E. Lynch (1978) Hippocampal aging and adrenocorticoids: Quantitative correlations. Science 202:1098–1102.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lekholm, G. C. (1939) En Alderstigen Al. Kring Karnan. Halsingborgs Museum Arsskrift.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, P., J. K. Janda, J. A. Joseph, D. K. Ingram, G. S. Roth (1981) Dietary restriction retards the age-associated loss of rat striatal dopaminergic receptors. Science 214:561–562.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, V. M., J. J. Twomey, P. Bealmear, G. Goldstein, R. A. Good (1978) Age, thymic involution, and circulating thymic hormone activity. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 47:145–150.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindstedt, S.L., W.A. Calder, III (1981) Body size, physiological time and longevity of homeo-thermic mammals. Q. Rev. Biol. 56:1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lofstrom, A. (1977) Catecholamine turnover alterations in discrete areas of the median eminence of the 4-and 5-day cyclic rat. Brain Res. 120:113–131.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Makman, M.G., H.S. Ahn, L.J. Thal, N.S. Sharpless, B.Dvorkin, S.G.Horowitz, M.Rosenfeld (1978) Biogenic amine-stimulated adenylate cyclase and spiroperidol binding sites in rabbit brain: Evidence for selective loss of receptors during aging. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 113:pp. 211–230.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, D.M.A., P.O. Yates (1979) The effects of ageing on pigmented nerve cells of the human locus coeruleus and substantia nigra. Acta Neuropathol. 47:93–97.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, D.M.A., P.O. Yates, J.E. Stamp (1978) The relationship between lipofuscin pigment and ageing in the human nervous system. J.Neurol. Sci. 37:83–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marx, J.L. (1985) The immune system “belongs in the body”. Science 227:1190–1192.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Masters, P.M., J.L. Bada, J.S. Zigler, Jr. (1975) Aspartic acid racemization in heavy molecular weight crystallins and water-insoluble protein from normal human lens and cataracts. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 72:1204–1208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masters-Helfman, P., J.L. Bada (1975) Aspartic acid racemization in tooth enamel from living humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:2891–2894.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKerrow, J.H. (1979) Non-enzymatic, post-translational amino acid modifications in ageing. A brief review. Mech. Ageing Dev. 10:371–377.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meites, J., H.H. Huang, J.W. Simpkins (1978) Recent studies on neuroendocrine control of reproductive senescence in rats. In: Reproduction and Aging, E.L. Schneider (ed.). Raven Press, New York, pp. 213–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meitzer, S.J. (1906) The factors of safety in animal structure and animal economy. Harvey Lec. 1906–1907:139–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mobbs, C.V., D.M. Gee, C.E. Finch (1984a) Reproductive senescence in female C57BL/6J mice: Ovarian impairments and neuroendocrine impairments that are partially reversible and delayable by ovariectomy. Endocrinology 115:1653–1662.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mobbs, C.V., K. Flurkey, D.M. Gee, K. Yamamoto, Y.N. Sinha, C.E. Finch (1984b) Estradiol-induced anovulatory syndrome in female C57BL/6J mice: Age-like neuroendocrine, but not ovarian, impairments. Biol. Reprod. 30:556–563.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mobbs, C.V., L.S. Kannegietor, C.E. Finch (1985) Delayed anovulatory syndrome induced by estradiol in female C57BL/6J mice: Age-like neuroendocrine but not ovarian impairment. Biol. Reprod. 32:1010–1017.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, R.Y.(1978) Central neural control of circadian rhythms. In: Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, Vol. 5, W.F. Ganong,L. Martini (eds.). Raven Press, New York, pp. 185–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, D.G., J.O. Marcusson, P. Nyberg, P. Wester, B. Winblad, M.N. Gordon, C.E. Finch (1987) Divergent changes in D-l and D-2 dopamine binding sites in human basal ganglia during normal aging. Neurobiol. Aging 6 (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, J.F., L.S. Felicio, C.E. Finch (1980) Ovarian hormones and the etiology of reproductive aging in mice. In: Aging—Its Chemistry, A. A. Dietz (ed.). Am. Soc. Clin. Chem., Washington, D.C, pp. 64–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, J.F., L.S. Felicio, H.H. Osterburg, C.E. Finch (1981) Altered profiles of estradiol and progesterone associated with prolonged estrous cycles and persistent vaginal cornification in aging C57BL/6J mice. Biol. Reprod. 24:784–794.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oertel, G.W., P. Benes (1972) The effects of steroids on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. J. Steroid Biochem. 3:493–496.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orentreich, N., J.L. Brind, R.L. Rizer, J.H. Vogelman (1984) Age changes and sex differences in serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations throughout adulthood. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 59:551–555.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orgel, L.E. (1963) The maintenance of accuracy of protein synthesis and its relevance to ageing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 49:517–521.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, J., J. D. Friesen (1980) “Two out of three” codon reading leading to mistranslation in vivo. Mol. Gen. Genet. 177:439.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, R.J., B.A. Berkowitz, C.-H. Lee, W.D. Denckla (1978) Vascular relaxation, aging, and thyroid hormones. Mech. Ageing Dev. 8:397–405.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, M.-T., H.-O. Huang (1972) Aging hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function in the rat. Fertil. Steril. 23:535–542.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piantanelli, L., M. Muzzioli, N. Fabris (1980) Thymus-endocrine interactions during aging. Akta. Gerontol. 10:199–201.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Popp, R.A., E.G. Bailiff, G.P. Hirsch, R.A. Conard (1976) Errors in human hemoglobin as a function of age. In: Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology, Vol. 9, R. G. Cutler,. P. von Hahn (eds.). Karger, Basel, pp. 209–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quadri, S.K., G.S. Kledzik, J. Meites (1973) Reinitiation of estrous cycles in old constant-estrous rats by central-acting drugs. Neuroendocrinology 11:248–255.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reiter, E.O., M.M. Grumbach (1982) Neuroendocrine control mechanisms and the onset of puberty. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 44:595–613.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rines, S.P., F.S. vom Saal (1984) Fetal effects on sexual behavior and aggression in young and old female mice treated with estrogen and testosterone. Horm. Behav. 18:117–129.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, O.H. (1961) Prolongation of the lifespan of kokanee salmon (O. nerka kennerlyï) by castration before beginning development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 47:609–621.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, A. B. (1974) Evolution and the distribution of glutaminyl and asparaginyl residues in proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:885–888.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, A.B., J.H. McKerrow, P. Cary (1970) Controlled deamidation of peptides and proteins: An experimental hazard and a possible biological timer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 66:753–757.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, G.S., J.N. Livingston (1976) Reductions in glucocorticoid inhibition of glucose oxidation and presumptive glucocorticoid receptor content in rat adipocytes during aging. Endocrinology 99:831–839.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothstein, M. (1983) Enzymes, enzyme alteration, and protein turnover. Rev. Biol. Res. Aging 1:305–314.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sacher, G.A. (1975) Maturation and longevity in relation to cranial capacity in hominid evolution. In: Primate Functional Morphology and Evolution, R. Tuttle (ed.). Mouton, The Hague, pp. 417–441.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sacher, G.A. (1976) Evaluation of the entropy and information terms governing mammalian longevity. In: Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology, Vol. 9, R. G. Cutler (ed.). Karger, Basel, pp. 69–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sacher, G. (1977) Life table modification and life prolongation. In: Handbook of the Biology of Aging, C. E. Finch and L. Hayflick (eds.). Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J., pp. 582–638.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sacher, G.A., E.F. Staffeldt (1974) Relationship of gestation time to brain weight for placental mammals: Implications for the theory of vertebrate growth. Am. Nat. 108:593–615.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samuels, L.T. (1956) Effect of aging on the steroid metabolism as reflected in plasma levels. In: Hormones and the Aging Process, E.T. Engle and G. Pincus (eds.). Academic Press, New York, pp. 21–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sapolsky, R. M., L. C. Krey, B.S. McEwen (1985) Prolonged glucocorticoid exposure reduces hippocampal neuron number: Implications for aging. J. Neurosci. 5:1221–1226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saunders, J.W. (1966) Death in embryonic systems. Science 154:604–612.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schipper, H., J.R. Brawer, J.F. Nelson, L.S. Felicio, C.E. Finch (1981) The role of the gonads in the histologic aging of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Biol. Reprod. 25:413–419.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, A.G. (1979) Inhibition of spontaneous breast cancer formation in female C3H(Avy/a) mice by long-term treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone. Cancer Res. 39:1129–1132.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, A.G., A. Perantoni (1975) Protective effect of dehydroepiandrosterone against aflatoxin B and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced cytotoxicity and transformation in cultured cells. Cancer Res. 35:2482–2487.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Severson, J.A., C.E. Finch (1980) Reduced dopaminergic binding during aging in the rodent striatum. Brain Res. 192:147–162.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Severson, J.A., J. Marcusson, B. Winblad, C.E. Finch (1982) Age-correlated loss of dopaminergic binding sites in human basal ganglia. J. Neurochem. 39:1623–1631.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaskan, E.G. (1977) Brain regional spermidine and spermine levels in relationship to RNA and DNA in aging rat brain. J. Neurochem. 28:509–516.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimazu, T. (1980) Changes in neural regulation of liver metabolism during aging. In: Neural Regulatory Mechanisms During Aging, R.E. Adelman, J. Roberts, G.T. Baker, S.I. Baskin, V.J. Cristofale (eds.). Liss, New York, pp. 159–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimazu, T., H. Matsushita, K. Ishikawa (1978) Hypothalamic control of liver glycogen metabolism in adult and aged rats. Brain Res. 144:343.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simms, H.S. (1946) Logarithmic increase in mortality as a manifestation of ageing. J. Gerontol. 1:13–25.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simpkins, J.W., G.P. Mueller, H. H. Huang, and J. Meites (1977) Evidence for depressed catecholamine and enhanced serotonin metabolism in aging male rats: Possible relation to gonadotropin secretion. Endocrinology 100:1672–1678.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sirbasku, D.A. (1978) Estrogen induction of growth factors specific for hormone-responsive mammary, pituitary, and kidney tumor cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:3786–3790.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonntag, W.E., R.W. Steger, L.J. Forman, J. Meites (1980) Decreased pulsatile release of growth hormone in old male rats. Endocrinology 107:1875–1879.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strehler, B.L. (1977) Time, Cells, and Aging, 2nd ed. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, H.E., J.J. van der Werff ten Bosch (1964) The early-androgen syndrome; its development and the response to hemi-spaying. Acta Endocrinol. (Copenhagen) 45:1–12.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szilard, L. (1959) On the nature of the aging process. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 45:30–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, J.M. (1969) Growth and endocrinology of the adolescent. In: Endocrine and Genetic Diseases of Childhood, L.I. Gardner (ed.). Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 19–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thimann, K.V., A.C. Giese (1981) A glance at senescence in plants. In: Biological Mechanisms in Aging, R.T. Schimke (ed.). NIH Publ. No. 81–2194, Bethesda, pp. 702–709.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tice, R.R., R.B. Setlow (1985) DNA repair and replication in aging organisms and cells. In: Handbook of the Biology of Aging, 2nd ed., C. E. Finch and E. L. Schneider (eds.). Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J., pp. 173–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomkins, G.A., E.J. Stanbridge, L. Hayflick (1974) Viral probes of aging in the human diploid cell strain WI-38. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 146:385–390.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Heukelem, W.F. (1978) Aging in lower mammals. In: Biology of Aging, J.A. Behnke, C.E. Finch, G. Moment (eds.). Plenum Press, New York, pp. 115–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • vom Saal, F.S., F.H. Bronson (1978) In utero proximity of female mouse fetuses to males: Effect on reproductive performance during later life. Biol. Reprod. 19:842–853.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • vom Saal, F.S., F.H. Bronson (1980a) Sexual characteristics of adult female mice are correlated with their blood testosterone levels during prenatal development. Science 208:597–599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • vom Saal, F.S., F.H. Bronson (1980b) Variation in the length of the estrous cycle in mice due to former intrauterine proximity to male fetuses. Biol. Reprod. 22:777–780.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • vom Saal, F.S., C.L. Moyer (1985) Prenatal effects in reproduction capacity during aging in female mice. Biol. Reprod. 32:1116–1126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weindruch, R., S.R. S. Gottesman, R.L. Walford (1982) Modification of age-related immune decline in mice dietarily restricted from or after midadulthood. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:898–902.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, R.I., W.F. Ganong (1978) Role of monoamines and histamine in regulation of anterior pituitary secretion. Physiol. Rev. 58:905–976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wildt, L., G. Marshall, E. Knobil (1980) Experimental induction of puberty in the infantile female rhesus monkey. Science 207:1373–1375.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, D.E., M.E. Hall, G.C. Stone (1978) Test of some aging hypotheses using two-dimensional protein mapping. Gerontology 24:426–433.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wise, P. M. (1982) Norepinephrine and dopamine activity in microdissected brain areas of the middle-aged and young rat on proestrus. Biol. Reprod. 27:562–574.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witham, F.H., L.B. Hendry, O.L. Chapman (1978) Chirality and stereochemical recognition in DNA-phytochrome interactions: A model approach. Origins Life 9:7–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamaji, T., H. Ibayashi (1969) Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in normal and pathological conditions. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 29:273–278.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yen, T.T., J.V. Allen, D.V. Pearson, J.M. Acton, M.M. Greenburgh (1977) Prevention of obesity in Avy/a mice by dehydroepiandrosterone. Lipids 12:409–413.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA

    Caleb E. Finch

Authors
  1. Caleb E. Finch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Crump Institute for Medical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA

    F. Eugene Yates

  2. Department of Kinesiology, Univesity of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Alan Garfinkel

  3. Chemical Electrophysiology Laboratory Neuropsychiatric Institute and Hospital, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Donald O. Walter

  4. Crump Institute for Medical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Gregory B. Yates

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Plenum Press

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Finch, C.E. (1987). The Orderly Decay of Order in the Regulation of Aging Processes. In: Yates, F.E., Garfinkel, A., Walter, D.O., Yates, G.B. (eds) Self-Organizing Systems. Life Science Monographs. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0883-6_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0883-6_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8227-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0883-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation