Abstract
Rockfill in its various forms—dumped, compacted in layers, hand-placed cobbles and masonry, equipment-placed masonry, and wet masonry—has been known since ancient times as a useful, reliable, and durable construction material. Progressing from low, hand-placed walls that have endured for centuries around farmlands, to the base courses and cobble pavements of ancient roads of similar longevity, and then in the midto late 1800s to rock dams of modest size in California, Europe, and North Africa, followed in the 1900s by even larger rockfill dams worldwide, high rockfill dams have become recognized for their safety, adaptability to widely varying site conditions, practicality of construction, and economy. Many papers have been published, testifying to their value and widespread use. Cooke1 in his Terzaghi Lecture, provided the collective experience to 1984. In his chapter on the “Design of Rockfill Dams,” Taylor3 listed 160 papers covering most aspects of the subject. Bureau et al.36 listed 47 papers on seismic analysis alone.
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References
General References
Cooke, J. B., “Eighteenth Terzaghi Lecture,” ASCE J. Geotech., Oct. 1984.
Marsal, R. J., “Large Scale Triax. Tests,” ASCE Conf., Miami, Jan. 1966.
Taylor, K. V., “Design of Rockfill Dams,” in Handbook of Dam Engineering, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1977.
Various (23 authors), “Symp. on Rockfill Dams,” Trans. ASCE, 1960.
Various (37 authors), Concrete Face Rockfill Dams-Design, Construction, and Performance, ASCE, Detroit, 1985.
Shear Strength of Rockfill
Hall, E. B., “Isabella Dam Shear Tests,” 1948 (q. granite, 4/1).
USBR, “Shear Testing, Gravelly Soils,” 1953 (gravels, 3/#200).
Holtz, W. G., and Gibbs, H. J., “Shear Char., Gravelly Soils,” 1954 (gravels, 3/#200).
Hall, E. B., and Gordon, B. B., “Triax. Testing, Large Scale,” 1963 (dredger tailings, 3/#200).
Leps, T. M., “Round Butte Rockfill,” 1964 (q. basalt, none).
Marsal, R. J., Moreno Gomez, E., Nunez, G., Cuellar, B. R., and Moreno Ramos, R., “Behavior of Granular Matls. and Rockfill,” 1965 (various, 8/2 mm).
Marsal, R. J., “Mica Dam Triax. Test,” 1965 (q. granite, gneiss, \( 8/1\frac{1}{2} \)).
Casagrande, A., “Hohe Staudamme” (Commun. No. 6, Tech. Hohschule, Vienna), 1965 (no data).
Banks, D. C, and Maclver, B. N., “Variation of Angle of Internal Friction with Confining Pressure,” 1969 (various by others, 8 to 1/0.01).
Marachi, N. D., Chan, C. K., Seed, H. B., and Duncan, J. M., “Strength and Deformation Char, of Rockfill Materials,” 1969 (pyr. q. argillite, crushed basalt, Oro. dredger tailings, 6, 2 and \( \frac{1}{2} \) /#200).
Leps, T. M., “Review of Shearing Strength of Rockfill,” 1970 (various, 8/2 mm).
Becker, E., Chan, C. K., and Seed, H. B., “Strength RF, Plane Strain and Triax.,” 1972 (argillite, sandstone, 6, 2 and \( \frac{1}{2} \)/#200).
Marsal, R. J., “Mech. Properties of RF,” in Embankment-Dam Engineering, Wiley, New York, 1973 (various, various).
Barton, N. and Kjaernsli, B., “Shear Strength of Rockfill,” 1981 (various, various).
Lon, J. K., and Taylor, H., “Revelstoke Zone 6 Triax. Tests,” 1982 (gravel, \( 1\frac{1}{2} \)/#200).
Stability Analysis of Rockfill
Newmark, N. M., “Effects of Earthquakes on Dams and Embankments,” Géotechnique, No. 15, 1965.
Arya, A. S., et al., “Some Aspects of Aseismic Design of Rockfill Dams,” 6th World Conf. on E. E., New Delhi, 1977.
Okamoto, S., Tamura, C, Ohmachi, T., and Kato, K., “Study of Effects of Berm on the Stability of RF Dams during EQ,” 6th World Conf. on E.E., New Delhi, 1977.
Takahasi, T., Sawada, Y., Kokusho, T., and Kunii, K., “Study of Dynamic Behaviors of Rockfill Dams,” 6th World Conf. on E.E., New Delhi, 1977.
Makdisi, F. I., and Seed H. B., “Simplified Procedure for Estimating Dam and Emb. EQ Induced Deformations,” ASCE J. Geotech. Eng., July 1978.
Castro, G., “Report on Dynamic Analysis of La Fortuna Dam,” Geotechnical Engrs. Inc., 1979.
Prater, E. G., and Studer, J., “Some Considerations on the Seismic Behavior of Rockfill Dams,” Q.51, R.17, Thirteenth Congress on Large Dams, 1979.
Bossonet, C, and Dungar, R., “Past Experience and Future Demands Related to Dynamic Analysis of Soil and Rockfill Structures and Fdns.,” Intl. Symp. on Soils under Cyclic and Trans. Ldg., Swansea, G. B., 1980.
Yanagisawa, E., and Fukui, T., “Performance of Taramizu Rockfill Dam during Strong EQ,” 7th World Conf. on EQ Eng., Istanbul, 1980.
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Nuti, C, and Pinto, P. E., “Seismic Risk Anal, of RF Dams,” 3rd Int. Conf. of MicroZone, Seattle, WA, 1982.
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Bureau, G., Volpe, R. L., Roth, W. H., and Udaka, T., “Seismic Analysis of CF RF Dams,” ASCE “Cone. Face RF Dams” Symp., 1985.
Specialty References
Weiss, A., “Constr. Technique of Passing Floods over Earth Dams,” ASCE Trans., 1951.
Wilkins, J. K., “Flow of Water through RF and Its Applic. to Design of Dams,” Proc. 2nd Aus.-N.Z. Soils Conf., 1956.
Parkin, A. K., “Rockfill Dams with Inbuilt Spillways,” Water Research, Aus., B. #6, 1963.
Shackelford, B. W., Leps, T. M., and Schumann, J. E., “Design, Construction and Performance of Pit 7 Afterbay Dam,” 10th ICOLD, Montreal, 1970.
Johnson, H. A., “Flow through Rockfill Dam,” ASCE J. Geotech., Feb. 1971.
Leps, T. M., “Flow through Rockfill,” in Embankment-Dam Engineering, Wiley, New York, 1973.
Good, R. J., Bain, D. L. W., and Parsons, A. M., “Weak Rock in Two RF Dams,” CF Rockfill Symp., ASCE, 1985.
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Design, Construction, and Performance
Varty, A., Boyle, R. J., Pritchard, E. D., and Gill, R. E., “Constr. of CF Rockfill Dams,” CF Rockfill Symp., ASCE, 1985.
Hacelas, J. E., Ramirez, C. A., and Regalado, G., “Const, and Perform., Salvajina Dam,” CF Rockfill Symp., ASCE, 1985.
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Rockfill Dam Design and Analysis
Bertram, G. E., “Field Tests for Compacted Rockfill,” in Embankment-Dam Engineering, Wiley, New York, 1973.
Sierra, J. M., Ramirez, CA., and Hacelas, J. E., “Design Features of Salvajina Dam,” CF Rockfill Symp., ASCE, 1985.
Sultan, H. A., and Seed, H. B., “Stability of Sloping Core Earth Dams,” ASCE J. SMFDDiv., 1967.
Leps, T. M., and Jansen, R. B., “Proposed Guidelines for Dam Seismic Stability Assessment,” USCOLD Newsletter, Nov. 1984.
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© 1988 Van Nostrand Reinhold
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Leps, T.M. (1988). Rockfill Dam Design and Analysis. In: Jansen, R.B. (eds) Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0857-7_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0857-7_12
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