Abstract
The molecular events that control the interaction of Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes with neurons and finally lead to myelination are at present not understood. A detailed knowledge of the process of myelination is needed in order to reach the long-term goal of improving the prognosis of human demyelinating disorders, possibly by promoting efficient remyelination. A body of evidence has accumulated indicating that major morphological changes during neural development are caused by the interaction of cells through adhesion molecules expressed on their surface. It appears likely that specific cell adhesion is also crucial to the process of myelination. In this review we summarize the structural characteristics of myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) and discuss how it may be involved in cell interactions leading to myelination.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Amzel LM, Poljak RJ: Three-dimensional structure of immunoglobulins. Ann Rev Biochem 48:961, 1979
Arquint M, Roder J, Chia L-S, Down J, Wilkinson D, Bayley H, Braun P, Dunn R: The molecular cloning and primary structure of myelin associated glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:600, 1987
Auffrey C, Lillie JW, Arnot D, Grossberger D, Kappes D, Strominger JL: Isotypic and allotypic variation of human class II histocompatibility antigen alpha-chain genes. Nature 308:327, 1984
Baer R, Bankier AT, Biggin MD, Deininger PL, Farrell PJ, Gibson TJ, Hatfull G, Hudson GS, Satchwell SC, Sequin C, Tuffneil PS, Barrell BG: DNA sequence and expression of the B95–8 Epstein-Barr virus genome. Nature 310:207, 1984
BartheIs D, Santoni M-J, Willie W, Ruppert C, Chaix J-C, Hirsch M-R, Fontecilla-Camps JC, Goridis C: Isolation and nucleotide sequence of mouse N-CAM cDNA that codes for a MW 79 000 polypeptide without membrane-spanning region. EMBO J 6:907, 1987
Barton DE, Arquint M, Roder J, Dunn R, Francke U: The myelin-associated glycoprotein gene: mapping to human chromosome 19 and mouse chromosome 7 and expression in quivering mice. Genomics, in press
Bosch EP, Ansbacher LE, Goeken JA, Cancilla PA: Peripheral neuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy. Studies of intraneural injections of monoclonal immunoglobulin sera. J Neuropathol and Exp Neurol 41:446, 1982
Braun PE, Frail DE, Latov N: Myelin-associated glycoprotein is the antigen for a monoclonal IgM in polyneuropathy. J Neurochem 39:1261, 1982
Brostoff SW: Immunological responses to myelin and myelin components. In Morell P (ed): Myelin. New York, Plenum Press, 1984, pg 405
Bunge MB, Bunge RP, Pappas GD: Electron microscopic demonstrations of connections between glia and myelin sheaths in the developing mammalian central nervous system. J Cell Biol 12:448, 1962
Bunge RP: Glial cells and the central myelin sheath. Physiol Rev 48:197, 1968
Bung RP, Bunge MB: Tissue culture observations relating to peripheral nerve development, regeneration, and disease. In Dyck PJ, Thomas PK, Lambert EH, Bunge R (eds): Peripheral Neuropathy, Vol I (2nd ed). Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1984, pg 378
Bunge RP, Bunge MB, Eldridge CF: Linkage between axonal ensheathment and basal lamina production by Schwann cells. Ann Rev Neurosci 9:305, 1986
Chou PY, Fasman GD: Prediction of the secondary structure of proteins from their amino acid sequence. In Meister A (ed): Advances in Enzymol. New York, Interscience Publications, John Wiley and Sons, 1978, 47:45
Cunningham BA, Hoffman S, Rutishauser U, Hemperly JJ, Edelman GM: Molecular topography of the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM: Surface orientation and location of sialic acid-rich and binding regions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:3116, 1983
Cunningham BA, Hemperly JJ, Murray BA, Prediger EA, Brackenbury R, Edelman GM: Neural cell adhesion molecule: structure, immunoglobulin-like domains, cell surface modulation, and alternative RNA splicing. Science 236:799, 1987
D’Eustachio P, Owens GC, Edelman GM, Cunningham BA: Chromosomal location of the gene encoding the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:7631, 1985
Das HK, Lawrance SK, Weissman SM: Structure and nucleotide sequence of the heavy chain gene of HLA-DR. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:3543, 1983
Dautigny A, Mattei M-G, Morello D, Alliel PM, Pham-Dinh D, Amar L, Arnaud D, Simon D, Mattei J-F, Guenet J-L, Jolles P, Avner P: The structural gene coding for myelin-associated proteolipid protein is mutated in jimpy mice. Nature 321:867, 1986
Davisson MT, Roderick TH: Linkage map of the mouse. Mouse News Letter 75:11, 1986
Dellagi K, Dupouey P, Brouet JC, Billecocq A, Gomez D, Clauvel JP, Seligmann M: Waldenstroem’s macroglobulinemia and peripheral neuropathy: a clinical and immunologic study of 25 patients. Blood 62:280, 1983
Downward J, Parker P, Waterfield MD: Autophosphorylation sites on the epidermal growth factor receptor. Nature 311:483, 1984
Dubois-Dalcq M, Behar T, Hudson L, Lazzarini RA: Emergence of three myelin proteins in oligodendrocytes cultured without neurons. J Cell Biol 102:384, 1986
Edelman GM: Specific cell adhesion in histogenesis and morphogenesis. In Edelman GM, Thiery J-P (eds): The cell in contact. Adhesions and junctions as morphogenetic determinants. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1985a, pg 139
Edelman GM: Cell adhesion and the molecular processes of morphogenesis. Ann Rev Biochem 54:135, 1985b
Edelman GM: Cell adhesion molecules in the regulation of animal form and tissue pattern. Ann Rev Cell Biol 2:81, 1986
Eldridge CF, Bunge MB, Bunge RP, Wood PM: Differentiation of axon-related Schwann cells in vitro: I. Ascorbic acid regulates basal lamina assembly and myelin formation. J Cell Biol (in press)
Favilla JT, Frail DE, Palkovitz CG, Stoner GL, Braun PE, Webster H deF: Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) distribution in human central nervous tissue studied immunocytochemically with monoclonal antibody. J Neuroimmunol 6:19, 1984
Frail D: The myelin-associated glycoprotein in development and disease. PhD Thesis, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, 1984
Frail DE, Braun PE: Two developmentally regulated messsenger RNAs differing in their coding region may exist for the myelin-associated glycoprotein. J Biol Chem 259:1485, 1984
Frail DE, Edwards AM, Braun PE: Molecular characteristics of the epitope in myelin-associated glycoprotein that is recognized by a monoclonal IgM in human neuropathy patients. Mol Immunol 21:721, 1984
Frail DE, Braun PE: Abnormal expression of the myelin-associated glycoprotein in the central nervous system of dysmyelinating mutant mice. J Neurochem 45:1071, 1985
Frail DE, Webster H deF, Braun PE: Development expression of the myelin-associated glycoprotein in the peripheral nervous system is different from that in the central nervous system. J Neurochem 45:1308, 1985
Gendelman HE, Pezeshkpour GH, Pressman NJ, Wolinsky JS, Quarles RH, Dobersen MJ, Trapp BD, Kitt CA, Aksamit A, Johnson RT: A quantitation of myelin-associated glycoprotein and myelin basic protein loss in different demyelinating diseases. Ann Neurol 18:324, 1985
Gribskov M, Burgess RR, Devereux J: PEPPLOT, a protein secondary structure analysis program for the UWGCG sequence analysis software package. Nucleic Acids Res 14(1):327, 1986
Gulcher JR, Marton LS, Stefansson K: Two large glycosylated polypeptides found in myelinating oligodendrocytes but not in myelin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:2118, 1986
Hafler DA, Johnson D, Kelly JJ, Panitch H, Kyle R, Weiner HL: Monoclonal gammopathy and neuropathy: myelin-associated glycoprotein reactivity and clinical characteristics. Neruol 36:75, 1986
Hays AP, Latov N, Takatsu M, Sherman WH: Experimental demyelination of nerve induced by serum of patients with neuropathy and an anti-MAG IgM M-protein. Neurology 37:242, 1987
He H-T, Barbet J, Chaix H-C, Goridis C: Phosphatidylinositol is involved in the membrane attachment of NCAM-120, the smallest component of the neural cell adhesion molecule. EMBO J 5:2489, 1986
Hemperly JJ, Murray BA, Edelman GM, Cunningham BA: Sequence of a cDNA clone encoding the polysialic acid-rich and cytoplasmic domains of the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:3037
Hirano A, Dembitzer HM: A structural analysis of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system. J Cell Biol 34:555, 1967
Hood L, Kronenberg M, Hunkapiller T: T cell antigen receptors and the immunoglobulin supergene family. Cell 40:225, 1985
Horner KC, Bock GR: Single unit responses in the cochlear nucleus of the deaf quivering mouse. Hear Res 13:63, 1984
Horner KC, Bock GR: Combined electrophysiological and autoradiographic delimitation of retrocochlear dysfunction in a mouse mutant. Brain Res 331:217, 1985
Hunkapiller T, Hood L: The growing immunoglobulin gene superfamily. Nature 323:15, 1986
Hunter T, Cooper JA: Protein-tyrosine kinases. Ann Rev Biochem 54:897, 1985
Ilyas AA, Quarles RH, Brady RO: The monoclonal antibody HNK-1 reacts with a peripheral nerve ganglioside. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 122:1206, 1984
Itoyama Y, Sternberger NH, Webster H deF, Quarles RH, Cohen SR, Richardson EP Jr: Immunocytochemical observations on the distribution of myelin-associated glycoprotein and myelin basic protein in multiple sclerosis lesions. Ann Neurol 7:167, 1980
Itoyama Y, Webster HD, Sternberger NH, Richardson EP Jr, Walker DL, Quarles RH, Padgett BL: Distribution of papovavirus, myelin-associated glycoprotein, and myelin basic protein in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy lesions. Ann Neurol 11:396, 1982
Jen Chou C-H, Chou FC-H, Tourtelotte WW, Kibler RF: Search for a multiple sclerosis-specific brain antigen. Neurol 33:1300, 1983
Johnson D, Quarles RH: Deposition of the myelin-associated glycoprotein in specific regions of the developing rat central nervous system. Dev Brain Res 28:263, 1986
Johnson D, Sato S, Quarles RH, Inuzuka T, Brady RO, Tourtelotte WW: Quantitation of the myelin-associated glycoprotein in human nervous tissue from controls and multiple sclerosis patients. J Neurochem 46:1086, 1986a
Johnson D, Hafler DA, Fallis RJ, Lees MB, Brady RO, Quarles RH, Weiner HL: Cell-mediated immunity to myelin-associated glycoprotein, proteolipid protein, and myelin basic protein in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 13:99, 1986b
Kaufman JF, Krangel MS, Strominger JL: Cysteines in the transmembrane region of major histocompatibility complex antigens are fatty acylated via thioester bonds. J Biol Chem 259:7230, 1984
Kruse J, Keilhauer G, Faissner A, Timpl R, Schachner M: The J1 glycoprotein — a novel nervous system cell adhesion molecule of the L2/HNK-1 family. Nature 316:146, 1985
Lai C, Brow MA, Nave K-A, Noronha AB, Quarles RH, Bloom FE, Milner RJ, Sutcliffe JG: Two forms of lB236/myelin-associated glycoprotein, a cell adhesion molecule for postnatal neural development, are produced by alternative splicing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:4337, 1987
Lalley PA, McKusick VA: Report of the Committee on Comparative Mapping. Cytogenet Cell Genet 40:536, 1985
Latov N, Braun PE, Gross RB, Sherman WH, Penn AS, Chess L: Plasma cell dyscrasia and peripheral neuropathy: Identification of the myelin antigens that react with human paraproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:7139, 1981a
Latov N, Gross RB, Kastelman J, Flanagan T, Lamme S, Alkaitis D, Olarte MR, Sherman WH, Chess L, Penn AS: Complement-fixing antiperipheral nerve myelin antibodies in patients with inflammatory polyneuritis and with polyneuropathy and paraproteinemias. Neurol 31:1530, 1981b
Martini R, Schachner M: Immunoelectron microscopic localization of neural cell adhesion molecules (LI, N-CAM, and MAG) and their shared carbohydrate epitope and myelin basic protein in developing sciatic nerve. J Cell Biol 103:2439, 1986
Matthieu J-M, Quarles RH, Poduslo J, Brady RO: [35S] sulfate incorporation into myelin glycoproteins. I. Central nervous system. Biochem Biophys Acta 392:159, 1975
Matthieu JM, Waehneldt TV, Eschmann, N: Myelin-associated glycoprotein and myelin basic protein are present in central and peripheral nerve myelin throughout phylogeny. Neurochem Int 8:521, 1986
McGarry RC, Riopelle RJ, Frail DE, Edwards AM, Braun PE, Roder JC: The characterization and cellular distribution of a family of antigens related to myelin associated glycoprotein in the developing nervous system. J Neuroimmunol 10:101, 1985
Melmed C, Frail D, Duncan I, Braun P, Danoff D, Finlayson M, Stewart J: Peripheral neuropathy with IgM kappa monoclonal immunoglobulin directed against myelin-associated glycoprotein. Neurol 33:1397, 1983
Mendell JR, Sahenk Z, Whitaker JN, Trapp BD, Yates AJ, Griggs RC, Quarles RH: Polyneuropathy and IgM monoclonal gammopathy: studies on the pathogenetic role of anti-MAG antibody. Ann Neurol 17:243, 1985
Nguyen C, Mattei MG, Goridis C, Mattei JF, Jordan BR: Localization of the human N-CAM gene to chromosome 11 by in situ hybridization with a murine N-CAM cDNA probe. Cytogenet Cell Genet 40:713, 1985
Nobile-Orazio E, Spagnol G, Scarlato G: Failure to detect anti-MAG antibodies by RIA in CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 11:165, 1986
O’Shannessy DJ, Ilyas AA, Dalakas MC, Mendell JR, Quarles RH: Specificity of human IgM monoclonal antibodies from patients with peripheral neuropathy. J Neuroimmunol 11:131, 1986
Oldberg A, Franzen A, Heinegard D: Cloning and sequence analysis of rat bone sialoprotein (osteopontin) cDNA reveals an Arg-Gly-Asp-cell-binding sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:8819, 1986
Owens GC, Edelman GM, Cunningham BA: Organization of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) gene: alternative exon usage as the basis for different membrane-associated domains. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:294, 1987
Pierschbacher MD, Ruoslahti E: The cell attachment activity of fibronectin can be duplicated by small synthetic fragments of the molecule Nature 309:30, 1984
Pollerberg GE, Sadoul R, Goridis C, Schachner M: Selective expression of the 180 kD component of the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM during development. J Cell Biol 101:1921, 1985
Porter S, Clark MB, Glaser L, Bunge RP: Schwann cells stimulated to proliferate in the absence of neurons retain full functional capability. J Neurosci 6:3070, 1986
Pumphrey R: Computer models of the human immunoglobulins. Shape and segmental flexibility. Immunol Today 7:174, 1986
Putnam FW, Liu Y-SV, Low TLK: Primary structure of a human IgAl immunoglobulin. IV. Streptococcal IgAl protease digestion, Fab and Fc fragments, and the complete amino acid sequence of the alpha 1 heavy chain. J Biol Chem 254:2865, 1979
Pytela R, Pierschbacher MD, Ruoslahti: A 125/115 kDa cell surface receptor specific for vitronectin interacts with the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid adhesion sequence derived from fibronectin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:5766, 1986
Quarles RH, Barbarash GR, Figlewicz DA, Mclntyre LJ: Purification and partial characterization of the myelin-associated glycoprotein from adult rat brain. Biochem Biophys Acta 757:140, 1983
Quarles RH: Myelin-associated glycoprotein in development and disease. Dev Neurosci 6:285, 1984
Raine CS: Morphology of myelin and myelination. In Morell (ed): Myelin, New York, Plenum Press, 1984, pp 1–41
Raine CS: Oligodendrocytes and central nervous system myelin. In Davis L, Robertson DM (eds): Textbook of Neuropathology 1985, p. 92
Reiger F, Daniloff JK, Pincon-Raymond M, Crossin KL, Grumet M, Edelman GM: Neuronal cell adhesion molecules and cytoactin are colocalized at the node of Ranvier. J Cell Biol 103:379, 1986
Rutishauser U: Molecular and biological properties of a neural cell adhesion molecule. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 48:501, 1983
Sabatini DD, Kreibich G, Morimoto T, Adesnick M: Mechanisms for the incorporation of proteins in membranes and organelles. J Cell Biol 92:1, 1982
Salzer JL, Holmes WP, Colman DR: The amino acid sequences of the myelin-associated glycoproteins: homology to the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. J Cell Biol 104:957, 1987
Schachner M, Faissner A, Fischer G, Keilhauer G, Kruse J, Kunemund V, Lindner J, Wernecke H: Functional and structural aspects of the cell surface in mammalian nervous system development. In Edelman GM, Thiery J-P (eds): The cell in contact. Adhesions and junctions as morphogenetic determinants. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1985, pg 257
Sibley DR, Benovic JL, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ: Regulation of transmembrane signaling by receptor phosphorylation. Cell 48:913, 1987
Sorkin BC, Hoffman S. Edelman GM, Cunningham BA: Sulfation andphosphorylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM. Science 225:1476, 1984
Sternberger NH, Quarles RH, Itoyama Y, Webster H deF: Myelin-associated glycoprotein demonstrated immunocytochemically in myelin and myelin forming cells of developing rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:1510, 1979
Sutcliffe JG, Milner RJ, Shinnick TM, Bloom FE: Identifying the protein products of brain-specific genes with antibodies to chemically synthesized peptides. Cell 33:671, 1983
Tamkun JW, DeSimone DW, Fonda D, Patel RS, Buck C, Horwitz AF, Hynes RO: Structure of integrin, a glycoprotein involved in the transmembrane linkage between fibronectin and actin. Cell 46:271, 1986
Thomas PK: Clinical features and differential diagnosis. In Dyck PJ, Thomas PK, Lambert EH, Bunge RP (eds): Peripheral Neuropathy, Vol II (2nd ed). Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1984, pg 1169
Thor G, Pollerberg GE, Schachner M: Molecular association of two neural cell adhesion molecules within the surface membrane of cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells. Neurosci Lett 66:121, 1986
Trapp BD, Quarles RH: Presence of myelin-associated glycoprotein correlates with alterations in the periodicity of peripheral myelin. J Cell Biol 92:877, 1982
Trapp BD, Quarles RH: Immunocytochemical localization of the myelin-associated glycoprotein. Fact or artifact? J Neuroimmunol 6:231, 1984
Trapp BD, Quarles RH, Suzuki K: Immunocytochemical studies of Quaking mice support a role for the myelin-associated glycoprotein in forming and maintaining the periaxonal space and periaxonal cytoplasmic collar in myelinating Schwann cells. J Cell Biol 99:595, 1984
Webster H deF, Palkovits CG, Stoner GL, Favilla JT, Frail DE, Braun PE: Myelin-associated glycoprotein: electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization in compact developing and adult central nervous system myelin. J Neurochem 41:1469, 1983
Wood PM: Separation of functional Schwann cells and neurons from normal peripheral nerve tissue. Brain Res 115:361, 1976
Wood PM, Williams AK: Oligodendrocyte proliferation and CNS myelination in cultures containing dissociated embryonic neuroglia and dorsal root ganglion neurons. Brain Res 314:225, 1984
Wood PM, Bunge RP: Myelination of cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons by oligodendrocytes obtained from adult rats. J Neurol Sci 74:153, 1986
Yamada KM, Humphries MJ, Hasegawa T, Hasegawa E, Olden K, Chen W-T, Akiyama SK: Fibronectin: molecular approaches to analyzing cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. In Edelman GM, Thiery J-P (eds): The cell in contact. Adhesions and junctions as morphogenetic determinants. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1985, pg 303
Yanagi Y, Chan A, Chin B, Minden M, Mak TW: Analysis of cDNA clones specific for human T cells and the alpha and beta chains of the T-cell receptor heterodimer from a human T-cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:3430, 1985
Young RA, Davis RW: Yeast RNA polymerase II genes: isolation with antibody probes. Science 222:778, 1983
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Arquint, M., Tropak, M.B., Johnson, P.W., Dunn, R.J., Roder, J.C. (1989). The Primary Structure of Myelin Associated Glycoprotein Suggests a Role in Myelination. In: Kim, S.U. (eds) Myelination and Demyelination. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0777-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0777-8_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8077-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0777-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive