Skip to main content

The Fetus and Iodine Deficiency: Marmoset and Sheep Models of Iodine Deficiency

  • Chapter
Iodine and the Brain

Abstract

Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) are a major international public health problem (1). The effects of iodine deficiency occur at all ages, but are particularly important during the period of fetal development. The available epidemiological evidence has been complemented by experimental studies of fetal development in animal models. These have focussed particularly on fetal brain development because of its obvious importance. Definite effects have been observed in a variety of animal models — the rat, the marmoset and the sheep. In addition studies of the mechanisms involved have been carried out which have revealed the importance of maternal thyroid function for fetal brain development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Hetzel, B.S. Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) and their Eradication. Lancet 2:1126–1129 (1983)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Dobbing, J. The later development of the brain and its vulnerability, in; “Scientific Foundations of Paediatrics”, J.A. Davis and J. Dobbing, eds. Heinemann Medical, London (1974) pp. 565–577

    Google Scholar 

  3. Mano, M.T., Potter, B.J., Belling, G.B. and Hetzel, B.S. Low-iodine diet for the production of severe I deficiency in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus jacchus). Brit. J. Nutrition 54: 367–372 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Potter, B.J., Jones, G.B., Buckley, R.A., Belling, G.B., Mcintosh, G.H. and Hetzel, B.S. Production of Severe Iodine Deficiency in Sheep using a prepared Low-iodine Diet. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 33: 53–61 (1980)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Mano, M.T., Potter, B.J., Belling, G.B., Chavadej, J. and Hetzel, B.S. Fetal brain development in response to iodine deficiency in a primate model (Callithrix jacchus jacchus). J. Neurological Sciences 79: 287–300 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Fisher, D.A., Dussault, J.H., Erenberg,A. and Lam, R.W. Thyroxine and triiodothyronine metabolism in maternal and fetal sheep. Pediatric Research12: 894 – 899 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Potter, B.J., Mano, M.T., Belling,G.B., Mcintosh, G.H., Hua, C., Cragg, B.G., Marshall, J., Wellby, M.L. and Hetzel, B.S. Retarded fetal brain development resulting from severe dietary iodine deficiency in sheep. Neuropath, appl. Neurobiology 8: 303–313 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hetzel, B.S. and Potter, B.J. Iodine deficiency and the role of thyroid hormones in brain development, in: “Neurobiology of the Trace Elements” I. Dreosti and R.M. Smith. Humana Press, New Jersey (1983) pp. 83 – 133

    Book  Google Scholar 

  9. Potter, B.J., Mano, M.T., Belling, G.B., Martin, D.M., Cragg, B.G., Chavadej, J. and Hetzel, B.S. Restoration of Brain Growth in Fetal Sheep after Iodized Oil Administration to Pregnant Iodine-deficient Ewes. J. Neurological Sci. 66: 15–26 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Mcintosh, G.H., Baghurst, K.I., Potter, B.J., Hetzel, B.S. Fetal thyroidectomy and brain development in the sheep. Neuropath. Appl. Neurobiol. 5: 103–114 (1979)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Mcintosh, G.H., Potter, B.J., Hetzel, B.S., Hua, C.H., Cragg, B.G. The effects of 98 day fetal thyroidectomy on brain development in the sheep. J. Comp. Path. 92: 5991–607 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Mcintosh, G.H., Potter,B.J., Mano, M.T., Hua, C.H., Cragg, B.G. and Hetzel, B.S. The effect of maternal and fetal thyroidectomy on fetal brain development in the sheep. Neuropath. Appl. Neurobiol. 9: 215–223 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Potter, B.J., Mcintosh, G.H. and Hetzel, B.S. The effect of iodine deficiency on fetal brain development in sheep, in: “Fetal Brain Disorders - Recent Approaches to the Problem of Mental Deficiency” B.S. Hetzel and R.M. Smith Eds. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1981) pp.119–148

    Google Scholar 

  14. Erenberg, A. and Fisher, D.A. Thyroid hormone metabolism in the fetus, in: “Fetal and Neonatal Physiology” R.S. Comline, K. W. Cross, G.S. Dawes and P.W. Nathanielsz eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1973) pp. 508–526

    Google Scholar 

  15. Thorburn, G.D. and Hopkins, P.S. Thyroid function in the fetal lamb, in: “Fetal and Neonatal Physiology”,R.S. Comline, K.W. Cross, G.S. Dawes and P.W. Nathanielsz eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1973) pp. 488–507

    Google Scholar 

  16. Fisher, D.A., Dussault, J.H., Sack, J. and Chopra, I.J. Ontogenesis of hypothalamic pituitary thyroid function and metabolism in man, sheep and rat. Rec. Prog. Horm. Res. 33: 593–116 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Osorio, C. and Myant, N.B. The passage of thyroid hormone from mother to fetus and its relation to fetal development. Br. Med. Bull. 16: 159 (1960)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Hamburgh, M. The role of thyroid and growth hormone in neurogenesis, in: “Current Topics in Developmental Biology”, J. Moscona and J. Monroy eds. Academic Press, New York (1969) 4: 109

    Google Scholar 

  19. Obregon, J., Mallol, R., Pastor, G., Morreale de Escobar and Escobar del Rey, F. L-thyroxine and 3,5,3’-Triiodo-L-Thyronine in Rat Embryos before onset of Fetal Thyroid Function. Endocrinology 114: 305-307 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Woods, R.J., Sinha, A.K. and Ekins, R.P. Uptake and metabolism of thyroid hormones by the rat fetus in early pregnancy. Clin. Sci. 67: 359–363 (1984)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Potter, B.J., Mcintosh, G.H., Mano, M.T., Baghurst, P.A., Chavadej, J., Hua, C.H., Cragg, B.G. and Hetzel, B.S. The effect of maternal thyroidectomy prior to conception on fetal brain development in sheep. Acta Endocrinologica 112: 93–99 (1986)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Morreale de Escobar, G., Pastor, R., Obregon, M.J. and Escobar Del Rey, F. Effects of maternal hypothyroidism on weight and thyroid hormone content of rat embryonic tissues,before and after onset of fetal thyroid function. Endocrinology117: 1890 – 1900 (1985)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. DeLong, R. Neurological involvement in iodine deficiency disorders, in: “The Prevention and Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders”, B.S. Hetzel, J.T. Dunn and B.S. Stanbury eds. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1987) pp. 49–63

    Google Scholar 

  24. Pharoah, P.O.D. Epidemiological studies of endemic cretinism in the Jimi River Valley in New Guinea, in: “Endemic cretinism”, B.S. Hetzel and P.O.D. Pharoah eds, Papua New Guinea Institute of Human Biology Monograph Series (1971) 2: 109–116

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hetzel, B.S. and Hay, I.D. Thyroid function, iodine nutrition and fetal brain development. CI. Endo. 11: 445–460 (1979)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Pharoah, P.O.D., Connolly, K.J., Hetzel, B.S. and Ekins, R.P. Maternal thyroid function and motor competence in the child. Develop. Med, and Child Neurology 23: 76–82 (1981)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hetzel, B.S., Mano, M.L., Chevadev, J. (1989). The Fetus and Iodine Deficiency: Marmoset and Sheep Models of Iodine Deficiency. In: DeLong, G.R., Robbins, J., Condliffe, P.G. (eds) Iodine and the Brain. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0765-5_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0765-5_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8071-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0765-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics