Skip to main content

Nickel, Chromium, Cobalt Dental Alloys and Allergic Reactions an Overview

  • Chapter
Biocompatibility of Co-Cr-Ni Alloys

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NSSA,volume 171))

Abstract

Dental alloys containing nickel, cobalt and/or chromium are widely used for dental restorations. Ni-Cr alloys contain generally 69–81% nickel, whereas Co-Cr alloys contain mostly less than 1% of nickel. The main components of these alloys are Co (60–65%), Cr (27–30%) and Mo (5–6%). Another group of non-precious dental alloys are stainless steels with ca. 18% Cr and 8% Ni.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. - T. Axell, B. Bjorkner, S. Fregert & B. Niklasson Standard patch test series for screening of contact allergy to dental materials. Contact Dermatitis 1983, 9, 82–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. - H. Barriere, H.L. Boiteau, C. Geraut & C. Metayer Allergie aux détergents et allergie au nickel Ann. Dermatol. Vénérol. 1979, 106, 33–37

    Google Scholar 

  3. - C. Bénézra & M.F. Leroy Fundamental aspects of contact sensitivity to nickel. In this issue

    Google Scholar 

  4. - M. Bergman, B. Bergman & R. Söremark Tissue accumulation of nickel released due to electrochemical corrosion of non-precious dental casting alloys. J. oral Rehabil. 1980, 7, 325–330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. - R. Brun Nickel dans les aliments et eczéma de contact. Dermatologica 1979, 159, 365–370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. - D. Brune, A. Kiaerheim, A. Hensten-Pettersen & L. Marion Corrosion of dental alloys studied by implantation and nuclear tracer technique. Acta Odontol. Scand. 1983, 41, 129–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. - M. Collyn d’Hooghe, J.P. Kerckaert, M.C. Herlant-Peers & H.F. Hildebrand Biological effects of nickel-compounds on human embryonic pulmonary cells in culture In: “4th Internat. Symposium on Trace Elements” M. Anke, W. Baumann, H. Bräunlich & C. Brückner edts. Jena 1983, 45–52

    Google Scholar 

  8. - R.R. Coombs & P.G.H. Gell Classification of allergic reactions responsible for clinical hypersensitivity and disease. In: “Clinical aspects of immunology” P.G.H. Gell, R.R. Coombs & P.J. Lachmann edts. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1975, p.761

    Google Scholar 

  9. - P. David, C. Ginocchio & P. Klein Immunologie bucco-dentaire. Procodif. Edt-Sèvres, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  10. - A.A. Fischer & A. Shapiro Allergic eczematous contact dermatitis due to metallic nickel. J.Am.Med.Assoc. 1956, 161, 717–721

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. - J. Fontes de Melo, N.R. Gierdet & E.S. Erichsen Metal release from cobalt-chromium partial dentures in the mouth. Acta Odontol. Scand. 1983, 41, 71–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. - J. Foussereau & P. Laugier Allergic eczemas from metallic foreign bodies. Transactions St John’s Hosp. Dermatol. Soc. 1966, 52, 220–225

    Google Scholar 

  13. - M.E. Frazier & T.K. Andrews In vitro clonal growth assay for evaluating toxicity of metal salts. In: “Trace Metals in Health and Disease”, N. Karasch edt. Raven Press, New York, 1979, p 71–81

    Google Scholar 

  14. - S. Fregert Manual of Contact Dermatitis. Munksgaard edt. Copenhaguen, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  15. - F. Gasser Allergische Patientenreaktionen auf zahnärztliche Behandlungen und Materialien. Die Quintessenz 1983, 5, 1035–1044

    Google Scholar 

  16. - W.E. Glendenning Allergy to cobalt in a metal denture as cause of hand dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis Newsletter 1971, 10, 225–226

    Google Scholar 

  17. - H.F. Hildebrand, M.C. Herlant-Peers, M. Stoeppler, U. Bagschik, & J. Roggatz Les effets lointains d’un enclouage centro-medullaire en acier chrome-nickel. In: Actes des XVIIe Journées Nat. de Méd. du Travail, edts: J.M. Haguenoer & D. Furon, Technique et Documentation, Paris, 1982, p. 124–126

    Google Scholar 

  18. - H.F. Hildebrand, C. Veron, J.P. Fernandez, M.C. Herlant-Peers, J.P. Berry & P. Martin Biological effects of metals used in restorative dentistry with special reference to Ni, Cr and Co. In: “4th Inten. Symp. on Trace Elements” edts: M. Anke, W. Baumann, H.Bräunlich & C.Brückner, Jena 1983, p. 81–88

    Google Scholar 

  19. - H.F. Hildebrand, C. Veron, M.C. Herlant-Peers, J.P. Fernandez, & J.P. Kerckaert Les conséquences biologiques de la présence d’ions métalliques dans la cavité buccale. Rev. d’Odontol. Stomatol. 1984, 13, 41–56

    Google Scholar 

  20. - H.F. Hildebrand & C. Veron Zahnersatz aus Nichtedelmetall-Legierungen und Allergien. Edt: Fachvereinigung Edelmetalle e.V., Düsseldorf 1985

    Google Scholar 

  21. - F. Jakobs Über Epikutan- und Schleimhauttestungen. Derm. Wochenschrift 1953, 127, 446–450

    Google Scholar 

  22. - N. Jacobsen Epithelial-1ike cells in culture derived from human gingiva Response to nickel. Scand. J. dent. Res. 1977, 85, 567–574

    Google Scholar 

  23. - Y. Kawata, M. Shiota, H. Tsutsui, Y. Yoshida, H. Sasaki & Y. Kinouchi Cytotoxicity of Pd-Co dental casting ferromagnetic alloys. J; Dent. Res. 1981, 60, 1403–1409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. - E. Lipman Cohen Aspects of Allergy. Brit. dent. J. 1955, 99, 185–191

    Google Scholar 

  25. - W.J. MacDonald Chemical and electrogalvanic burns of tongue. New England J. Med. 1934, 211, 585–589

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. - F.N. Marzulli & H.I. Maibach Contact allergy: predictive testing in man. Contact Dermatitis 1976, 2, 1–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. - D.C. Mears Electron-probe microanalysis of tissue and cells from implant areas. J. Bone Joint Surgery 1966, 48B, 567–576

    Google Scholar 

  28. - J. Moffa & Council on Dental Materials, Instruments and Equipment Biological effects of nickel containing dental alloys J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 1982, 104, 501–506

    Google Scholar 

  29. - F. Moutier Polymétallisme dentaire et dysesthésies linguales (Stomatite électro-galvanique) Soc. Gastro-Enterol. Paris, 1944, Séance du 8 mai, 133–135

    Google Scholar 

  30. - S. Newman, R.T. Chamberlain & L.J. Nunez. Nickel solubility from nickel-chromium dental casting alloys. J. biomed. Mater. Res. 1981, 15, 615–617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. - E.G. Offenbacher & F.X. Pi-Sunyer Temperature and pH efffects on the release of chromium from stainless steel into water and fruit juice. J. Agricult. Food Chem. 1983, 3l, 89–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. - H.Y. Park & T.R. Shearer In vitro release of nickel and chromium from simulated orthodontic appliances. Am. J. Orthod. 1983, 84, 156–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. - V. Pirilā Chamber test versus patch test for epicutaneous testing. Contact Dermatitis 1975, 1, 48–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. - N.H. Rickles Allergy in surface lesions of the oral mucosa. Oral Surg. 1972, 33, 744–754

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. - E.J. Rudner, W.C. Clendenning, E. Epstein, A.A. Fisher, O.F. Jilson, W.P. Jordan, N. Kanof, W. Larsen, H. Maibach, J.C. Mitchell, S.E. O’Quinn, W.F. Schorr & M. B. Sulzberger. Epidemiology of contact dermatitis in North America. Arch. Dermatol. 1973, 108, 537–540

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. - M.H. Samitz & S.A. Katz Study of chemical reactions between chromium and skin. J. Invest. Derm. 1964, 43, 35–43

    Google Scholar 

  37. - M.H. Samitz & S.A. Katz Nickel dermatitis hazards from prostheses. In vivo and in vitro solubilization studies. Brit. J. Dermatol. 1975, 92, 287–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. - M.S. Seymour A warning on nickel alloys. Brit. dent. J. 1981, 150, 84

    Google Scholar 

  39. - R. Söremark Some biological effects caused by prosthetic materials. Swed. dent. J. 1979, 3, 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  40. - R. Söremark, M. Diab & K. Arvidson. Autoradiographic study of distribution pattern of materials which occur as corrosion products from dental restorations. Scand. J. dent. Res. 1979, 87, 450–458

    Google Scholar 

  41. - E. Spiechowicz, P.O. Glantz, T. Axell & Ch. Mielewski Oral exposure to a nickel-containing dental alloy of persons with hypersensitive skin reactions to nickel. Contact Dermatitis 1984, 10, 206–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. - T. Stenberg Release of cobalt from cobalt chromium alloy constructions in the oral cavity of man. Scand J. dent. Res. 1982, 90, 472–479

    Google Scholar 

  43. - T. Stenberg & B. Bergman Release and uptake of cobalt from cobalt chromium alloy implants Acta Odontol. Scand. 1983, 41, 149–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. - A.J.W. Turrell Allergy to denture-base materials. Fallacy or reality. Brit. dent. J. 1966, 129, 415–422

    Google Scholar 

  45. - T. van Jost & J.J.E. van Everdingen Sensitization to cobalt associated with nickel allergy: Clinical and statistical studies. Acta Dermatovener. 1982, 62, 525–529

    Google Scholar 

  46. - B.G. Wakkers-Garritsen, L.H. Timmer & J.P. Nater Etiological factors in the denture sore mouth syndrome: An investigation of 24 patients. Contact Dermatitis 1975, 1, 337–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. - R.D. Woody E.F. Huget & J.E. Horton Apparent cytotoxicity of base metal casting alloys. J. dent. Res. 1976, 56, 739–743

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hildebrand, H.F., Veron, C., Martin, P. (1988). Nickel, Chromium, Cobalt Dental Alloys and Allergic Reactions an Overview. In: Hildebrand, H.F., Champy, M. (eds) Biocompatibility of Co-Cr-Ni Alloys. NATO ASI Series, vol 171. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0757-0_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0757-0_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8067-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0757-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics