Skip to main content

Basic Aspects of Tear Film Formation and Stability

  • Chapter
Physicochemical Hydrodynamics

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NSSB,volume 174))

Abstract

The exposed surface of the eye is covered by a thin (less than 10 micrometers) fluid film surrounded by a fluid meniscus adjacent to the lids when the lids are open. This fluid film is called the tear film. The tear film provides the cornea, the most powerful refractive structure of the eye, with an optically smooth surface to ensure the projection of sharp visual images to the retina. The tear film also bathes the superficial epithelium of the cornea in an aqueous medium that appears to be indispensable to the well-being of the nonkeratinized epithelial cells.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. F.J. Holly, Physical chemistry of the normal and disordered tear film, Trans Ophthalmol. Soc. V. K. 104:374 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  2. B.A. Nicholas, M.L. Chiappino, and C.R. Dawson, Demonstration of the mucus layer of the tear film by electron microscopy, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 26:464 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  3. F.J. Holly, Formation and rupture of the tear film, Exp. Eye Res. 15:515 (1973)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. J.E. McDonald and S. Brubaker, Meniscus-induced thinning of the tear films, Am. J. Ophthalmol. 72:139 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  5. S. Iwata, M.A. Lemp, F.J. Holly, and C.H. Dohlman, Evaporation of water from the precorneal tear film and cornea in the rabbit, Invest. Ophthalmol. 8:613 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  6. F.J. Holly, On the wetting and drying of epithelial surfaces, in: “Wetting, Spreading, and Adhesion,” J.E. Padday, ed., Academic Press, London (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  7. S.P. Lin and H. Brenner, Tear film rupture, J. Coll. Interface Sci. 89:226 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. S.P. Lin and H. Brenner, Stability of the tear film, in: “The Preocular Tear Film: In Health, Disease, and Contact Lens Wear,” F.J. Holly, ed., Dry Eye Institute, Lubbock, TX (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  9. M.G. Velarde, J. Murube del Castillo, J.L. Castillo, and M. Garcia, Marangoni-Benard convection and macrodynamics of tear flow, in: “The Preocular Tear Film: In Health, Disease, and Contact Lens Wear,” F.J. Holly, ed., Dry Eye Institute, Lubbock, TX (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  10. A. Sharma and E. Ruckenstein, Mechanism of tear film rupture and formation of dry spots on the cornea, J. Coll. Interface Sci. 106:12 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. E. Ruckenstein and A. Sharma, A surface chemical explanation of tear film break-up and its implications, in: “The Preocular Tear Film: In Health, Disease, and Contact Lens Wear,” F.J. Holly, ed., Dry Eye Institute, Lubbock, TX (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  12. F.J. Haberich and B. Lingelbache, Kritische Ubersicht uber unsere Kenntnisse and Vorstellung eine Neuen Arbeithypothese uber die die Stabilitat des Praekornealen Tranenfilm (PKTF), Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk. 180:115 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. J.M. Tiffany, Ocular surface chemistry, in: “Transactions of the International Society for Contact Lens Research,” 3rd Sei. Mtg., E. Kenyon, ed., Cambridge, England (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  14. F.J. Holly and M.F. Refojo, Hydrogel-water interface, in: “Colloid and Interface Science,” Vol. III, M. Kerker, ed., Academic Press, New York (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  15. F.J. Holly, Basic aspects of contact lens biocompatibility, Colloids and Surfaces 10:343 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. B.V. Derjaguin, On the repulsive forces between charged colloid particles and on the theory of slow coagulation and stability of lyophobe sols, Trans. Faraday Soc. 36:203 (1940)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. F.J. Holly, Biophysical aspects of epithelial adhesion to stroma and its clinical applications, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 17:552 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  18. P. Fanti and F.J. Holly, Silicone lens wear III. Physiology of poor tolerance, Cont. Intraocul. Lens Med. J. 6(2): III (1980)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Holly, F.J. (1988). Basic Aspects of Tear Film Formation and Stability. In: Velarde, M.G. (eds) Physicochemical Hydrodynamics. NATO ASI Series, vol 174. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0707-5_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0707-5_29

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8042-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0707-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics