Abstract
Over the past two decades we have witnessed a remarkable change in the management of cancer. While the results of treatment with each modality—surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy—have improved, the most dramatic successes have resulted from combining two or more of these approaches. Integrated, multimodal therapy can now offer substantial control of testicular cancers, lymphomas, Wilms’ tumors, and others, and has yielded dramatic improvements for osteogenic and soft-tissue sarcomas and for breast, ovarian, and head and neck cancers (1). Improved management of malignant tumors of the urinary tract has also contributed to these advances. Combinations of surgery and chemotherapy are commonly used now for transitional cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder. Topical applications of chemotherapy, combined with surgical resection, have become highly effective in controlling superficial bladder tumors.
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Scardino, P.T., Cantini, M. (1991). Cancers of the Kidney and Urinary Tract. In: Suki, W.N., Massry, S.G. (eds) Therapy of Renal Diseases and Related Disorders. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0689-4_38
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