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Mycoses in AIDS Patients: An Overview

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Mycoses in AIDS Patients

Abstract

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) induced by the retrovirus HIV identified at the Pasteur Institute by Montagnier and his group (Barré-Sinoussi et al., 1983) is characterized by a marked depression of cellular immunity due to the reduction and destruction of T4 helper lymphocytes and some macrophages by the virus. This often leads to multiple opportunistic infections including fungal infections. Since the first report (Gottlieb et al., 1981) of AIDS cases associated with pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii, which has recently been reclassified as a fungus according to molecular taxonomy (Edman et al., 1988; see Mackenzie, this book), and mucosal candidosis, the role of fungal infections has become more important. The most recent clinical definition of AIDS (revised in 1988) by CDC/WHO recognizes as important “indicator” diseases: candidosis of the esophagus, trachea, bronchi or lungs and meningeal cryptococcosis as well as other opportunistic infections induced by protozoa, bacteria and viruses (Table 1). In the presence of laboratory evidence of HIV infection, disseminated coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis at a site other than, or in addition, to the lungs or cervical or hilar lymph nodes, are considered indicative of AIDS. The spectrum of clinical responses to HIV as seen in adults, is schematically depicted in Figure 1 according to a WHO Immunology Workshop (Seligmann et al., 1987).

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  1. Institut Pasteur, Unité de Mycologie, Paris, France

    Edouard Drouhet & Bertrand Dupont

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  1. Edouard Drouhet
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  1. Janssen Research Foundation, Beerse, Belgium

    Hugo Vanden Bossche , Geert Cauwenbergh  & Jan Van Cutsem ,  & 

  2. Central Public Health Laboratory, London, UK

    Donald W. R. Mackenzie

  3. Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

    Edouard Drouhet  & Bertrand Dupont  & 

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Drouhet, E., Dupont, B. (1990). Mycoses in AIDS Patients: An Overview. In: Bossche, H.V., Mackenzie, D.W.R., Cauwenbergh, G., Van Cutsem, J., Drouhet, E., Dupont, B. (eds) Mycoses in AIDS Patients. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0655-9_3

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