Abstract
He II cooling for Nb Ti superconducting alloys was pioneered in France 15 years ago and has been extensively developped to an industrial level by using the opportunity of large projects in which a field level around 10 Teslas was required in conjonction with very stringent operational conditions. This development was dependant upon the possibility of producing superfluid helium in unsaturated conditions near atmospheric pressure. The paper reviews the specific properties of this fluid and analyses the reasons for its particular interest in the superconductors operation. Examples of applications are described including the high field magnet of the 30 T hybrid project installed at Grenoble and the Tokamak TORE SUPRA built at Cadarache in which stagnant pressurized He II is the coolant. Design and construction aspects are discussed as well as the experience gained after several thousand hours of operation. Further development is now considered towards still larger applications such as the next step of fusion devices and accelerators for high energy physics. In such cases He II will be preferably used in forced flow conditions; for this goal, a diversified experimental program is now pursued in Europe.
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Claudet, G., Aymar, R. (1990). Tore Supra and He II Cooling of Large High Field Magnets. In: Fast, R.W. (eds) Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, vol 35. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0639-9_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0639-9_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
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