Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Control of Germination and Early Development in Parasitic Angiosperms

  • Chapter
Recent Advances in the Development and Germination of Seeds

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NSSA,volume 187))

Abstract

By definition, parasitic plants are a highly specialized group of organisms that derive all, or part, of their nutrition from other plants. There are both foliar and root parasite species. Combined, these plants represent at least eight different families and include mistletoe (Arceuthobium and related genera), dodder (Cuscuta), gerardia (Agalinis), sandalwoods (Buckleya and Thesium), broomrape (Orobanche) and witchweed (Striga) species. Most parasitic plants are hemiparasites that like Agalinis purpurea, photosynthesize, flower and mature to seed-set without a host. In contrast, species such as beechdrops (Epifagus virginiana) and squawroot (Conopholis americana) are holoparasites. These plants lack chlorophyll and are host-dependent for completion of seed-set. Yet other holoparasites, such as Striga asiatica, are photosynthetic, but remain dependent upon their host for other reasons.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literature

  • Atsatt, P. R., 1977, The insect herbivore as a predictive model in parasite seed biology, Amer. Natur. ., 111:579.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baird, W.V., and Riopel, J. L., 1983, Experimental studies of the attachment of the parasitic angiosperm Agalinis purpureato a host, Protoplasma. 118: 206.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baird, W. V., and Riopel J., 1984, Experimental studies of haustorial initiation and early development, in: Agalinis purpurea. (L.) Raf. (Scrophulariaceae), Am. J. Bot. . 71:803.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bebawi, F.F., Eplee R.E., and Nour R. S., 1984, Effect of age, size, and weight of witchweed seeds on host/parasite relations, Phytopath. 74:1074.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bkrathalakshmi, B., 1982, Studies on the root parasite — Striga asiatica(L.) Kuntze. Ph.D. Thesis, Bangalore University,Bangalore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Botha, P. J., 1948, The parasitism of Alectra vogeliiBenth. with special to the germination of its seeds, J. South. Afr.Bot. . 14:63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Botha, P. J., 1950, The germination of the seeds of angiospermous root parasites. I. The nature of the changes occurring during pre-exposure of the seed to Alectra vogelii. Benth., J.South Afr. Bot. , 16:29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R., 1965, The germination of angiospermous parasite seeds. Handburch der pflanzenphvsiologie. 15:925.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R., Johnson, A. W., Robinson, E., and Tyler, G. J., 1952, The Strigagermination factor. II. Chromatographic purification of crude concentrates, Biochem. J. , 50:596.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, R.E. and Dolphin, D. H., 1982, Pisum sativumstress metabolites: Two uniannamylphenols and a 2’-methoxychalcone, Phvtochem. , 21:1733.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chabrolin, C., 1938, Contribution a l’etude de la germination des graines de l’orobanche de la feve, Ann. Serv. Bot. Agron. Tunis., 14:91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, M., 1986, Isolation and characterization of semiochemicals involved in host recognition in Striga asiatica. Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, M. and Lynn D. G., 1986, The haustorium and the chemistry of host recognition in parasitic angiosperms, J.Chem. Ecol., 12:561.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, M., Netzley D.H., Butler L.G., and Lynn D.G., 1986,Chemical regulation of distance: characterization of the first natural host germination stimulant for Striga asiatica. J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 108:7858.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dewick, P.M., 1975, Pterocarpan biosynthesis: 2’oxy-isoflavone and isoflavone precursors of dimethylhomopterocarpin in red clover, J. Am. Chem. Soc. Chem.Commun. pp.656.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doggett, H., 1984, in: “Striga Biology and Control”. ICSU Press, Paris France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erickson, L. G, 1946, The effect of alfalfa seed size and depth of seeding upon the subsequent procurement of stand, J. Am. Soc. Agron., 38:964.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heinricher, E., 1898, Die grünen Halbschmarotzer. I. Odonities. Euphrasia, und Orthantha. Jahrb. Wiss.Bot., 31:77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinricher, E., 1901, Die griinen Halbschmarotzer. III. Bartschiaund Tozzia, nebst Bemerkungen zur Frage nack der assimilalorischen Leistungsfahigbeit der griinen Halbschmarotzer, Idem. , 36:665.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsiao, A. I., Worsham A. D., and Moreland D. E., 1988a, Effects of temperature and dl-Strigol on seed conditioning and germination of witchweed ( Striga asiatica). Ann.Bot. . 61:65.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsiao, A. I., Worsham A. D., and Moreland D. E., 1988b, Effects of chemicals often regarded as germination stimulants on seed conditioning and germination of witchweed ( Striga asiatica), Ann. Bot. , 62:17.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kadry, A. E. R., and Twefic H., 1956, Seed germination of Orobanche crenata, Sv. Bot. Tidskr. , 50:270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamat, V. S., Graden D. W., Lynn D., Steffens J., and Riopel, J. L., 1982, A versatile total synthesis of xenognosin, Tetra. Lett. 23: 1541.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koch, L., 1887, Die Entwichlungsgeschichte der Orobanchen mit besonderen Beriicksichtigung ihrer Beziehung zu den Kulturpflanzen, C. Winter, ed., Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kosslak, R. M., Bookland, R., Barkei, J., Paaren, H. E., and Appelbaum, E. R., 1987, Induction of Bradyrhizobium japonicumcommon nod genes by isoflavones isolated from Glycine max, . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84:7428.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kusano, S., 1908, Further studies on Aeginetia indica,. Beih. Bot. Centralbl., 24:286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuijt, J., 1969, “The Biology of Parasitic Flowering Plants”, Berkeley, Univ. Calif. Press. 246 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamp, C. A., 1962, Improved turnip crop establishment, Tasm. J. Agric. 33:42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laemmli, U. K., 1970, Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4, Nature, 227:680.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linke, K. H., and Vogt, W., 1987, A method and its application for observing germination and early development of Striga(Scrophulariaceae) and Orobanche(Orobanchaceae). in: “Parasitic Flowering Plants”, Weber, H. Chr. and W. Forstreuter, eds., Marburg, Germany p. 501 –509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynn, D. G., Steffens, J., Kamat, V., Graden, D., Shabanowitz, J., and Riopel, J. L., 1981, Isolation and characterization of the first host recognition substance for parasitic engrosperms, J. Am. Chem. Soc. . 103:1868.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacQueen, M., 1984, Haustorial initiating activity of several simple phenolic compounds, in: “Proc. Third Int. Symp. on Parasitic Plants”, Aleppo,Syria, p.118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maiti, R. K., Ramaiah, K. V., Bisen, S., and Chidley, V. L., 1984, A comparative study of the haustorial development of Striga asiatica(L.) Kuntze on sorghum cultivars, Ann.Bot. , 54:447.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menetrez, M. L., Fites, R. C., and Wilson, R. F., 1988, Lipid changes during pre- germination and germination of Striga asiaticaseeds, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 65:634.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Netzley, D. H., Riopel, J. L., Ejeta, G., and Butler, L.G., 1988, Germination stimulants of witchweed ( Striga asiatica) from hydrophobic root exudate of sorghum, (Sorghum bicolor). Weed Science. 36:441.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Farrell, P. H., 1975, High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins, J. Biol. Chem. . 250:4007.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Onofeghara, F., 1972, Histochemical localization of enzymes in Tapinanthus bangwensis: acid phosphatase, Am. J. Bot., 59:549.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, C., 1986, in: “Biology and Control of Orabanche”, Workshop Proc. Wageningen, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavlista, A. D., 1981, Why hasn’t witchweed spread in the United States? Weeds Today, special isssue, p. 16–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, H. H. W., 1912, On the Rooibloem (Isoma or Witchweed), Agr. Jour. Union S. Aft. , 2:1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, A. S., Komizaiah, M., and Reddy, S. M., 1981, Production of pectin enzymes by Cassvtha filiformisL., Curr.Sci. , 50:283.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Redmond, J. W., Batley, M., Djordjevic, M.A., Innes, R.W., Kuempel, P. L., and Rolfe, B.G., 1986, Flavones induce expression of nodulation genes in Rhizobium. Nature. 323:632.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riopel, J. L., 1979,Experimental studies on induction of haustoria in Agalinis purpurea. Second Symp. Parasitic Weeds., N.C. State Univ., p. 165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riopel, J. L., 1983, in: “Vegetative Compatability”, R. Moore, ed., Academic Press Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riopel, J. L., and Musselman, L. J., 1979, Experimental induction of haustoria in Agalinis purpurea(Scrophulariaceae), Am. J. Bot. , 66:570.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riopel, J., and Baird, W. V., 1987, Morphogenesis of the early development of primary haustoria in Striga asiatica. in: “Parasitic Weeds in Agriculture”. Vol. 1 Striga. Musselman, L .J., ed., pg. 108 – 125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez, M., and Pannier, F., 1967, Etude de la distribution de la phosphatase acide dans l’haustorium primaire de Phthirusa pvrifolia(H.B.K.) Eichl. (Loranthaceae), Rev. Gen. Bot. , 74:625.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saunders, A. R., 1933, UnionS. Africa Agric.. Sci. Bull. No. 128, 56 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherif, A. M., Hanna, W.W., and Berhane, M., 1987, The problem of StrigaLour. (Scrophulariaceae) in Ethiopia, in: “Parasitic Flowering Plants”, Weber, H. Chr. and W. Forsteuter, eds., Marburg, Germany p. 755

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C., Orr, J. D., and Lynn, D.G., 1989, Chemical communication and the control of development, in: “Natural Products Isolation”. Cooper, R. and G.H. Wagman., eds., Elsevier Publishers, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stachel, S. E., Messens, E., Van Montagu, M., and Zambryski, P., 1985, Identification of the signal molecules produced by wounded plant cells that activate T-DNA transfer in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Nature. 318:624.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stachel, S. E., Nester, E. W., and Zambryski, P. C., 1986, A plant cell factor induced Agrobacterium tumefaciens virgene expression, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. , 83:379.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steffens, J., Lynn, D.G., Kamat, V. S., and Riopel, J. L., 1982, Molecular specificity of haustoria induction in Agalinis purpurea(L.) Raf. (Scrophulariaceae), Ann. Bot, 50: 1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steffens, J., Lynn, D.G., and Riopel, J. L., 1986, An haustoria inducer for the root parasite Agalinis purpurea. Phytochemistry. 25:2291.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sunderland, N., 1960, Germination of the seeds of angiospermous root parasites. Brit. Ecol. Soc. Symp. 1:83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth, R., and Kuijt, J., 1977, Cytochemical localization acid phosphatase in endophyte cells of the semiparasitic angiosperm Comandra umbellata(Santalaceae) Can. J. Bot. , 55:470.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaucher, J. P., 1823, Memoire sur la germination des Orobanches, Memoires due Museum d’Histoire Naturelle. 10:261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, H. C., and Forstruter, W., (eds), 1987, “Parasitic Flowering Plants”, Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Parasitic Fl. PL, Marburg, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Worsham A. D., 1987, Germination of witchweed seeds, in: “Parasitic Weeds in Agriculture”, Musselman, L., ed., CRC Press p. 46–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Worsham, A. D., Moreland, D.E., and Klingman, G.C., 1964, Characterization of the Striga asiatica(witchweed) germination stimulant from Zea maysL., J. Exp. Bot. , 15:556.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yaduraju, N. T., and Hosmani, M.M.,1979, Striga asiaticacontrol in Sorghum. PANS. 25:163.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22901, USA

    Michael P. Timko, Christa S. Florea & James L. Riopel

Authors
  1. Michael P. Timko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Christa S. Florea
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. James L. Riopel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA

    Raymond B. Taylorson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Timko, M.P., Florea, C.S., Riopel, J.L. (1989). Control of Germination and Early Development in Parasitic Angiosperms. In: Taylorson, R.B. (eds) Recent Advances in the Development and Germination of Seeds. NATO ASI Series, vol 187. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0617-7_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0617-7_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7894-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0617-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation