Abstract
Oxytocin is a nonapeptide that is synthesized by magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus and, as shown within the past 10 years, by ovarian luteal cells of certain species.1–3 The peptide is similar in structure to arginine vasopressin, or antidiuretic hormone (Fig. 1), accounting for each having overlapping activities on the other’s target cells. Thus, vasopressin will cause uterine contractions in experimental animals, but considerably higher doses are required to obtain the same response as with oxytocin. Labor at term can be induced either by giving exogenous oxytocin or by stimulating endogenous oxytocin release.4 Despite these findings, many investigators have felt that oxytocin is not a physiological initiator of labor because fluctuations in its concentration in the blood immediately before labor do not correspond to changes in uterine activity. It now seems clear, from data collected in several species, that oxytocin’s activity during pregnancy and labor depends more on the sensitivity of myometrial cells than on the concentration of the hormone in the circulation.
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Soloff, M.S. (1990). Oxytocin Receptors in the Uterus. In: Carsten, M.E., Miller, J.D. (eds) Uterine Function. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0575-0_12
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