Abstract
Almost all the papers on the subthalamic nucleus, after the usual review of its anatomical connections, summarize the function of this structure with the classical reference to hemiballism. This type of anatomopathological approach is still widely used in neurobiology, despite the fact that it is a little strange to define subthalamic nucleus functions by reference to its dysfunction. The physiological functions have only recently been freed from the impressive and restrictive clinical description of hemiballism. Currently, facts and hypotheses stress the relationship between hypo- or hyperactivity of the subthalamic neurons and two opposite motor dysfunctions, hyperkinesia as in hemiballism and akinesia as in parkinsonism. Moreover, the importance of subthalamic inputs arising from associative or limbic structures should not be overlooked since they are an integral part of this concept of the function of the subthalamic nucleus and suggest that this structure has broader and more complex involvement in a large range of activities which may or may not have a motor component.
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Féger, J., Mouroux, M., Benazzouz, A., Boraud, T., Gross, C., Crossman, A.R. (1994). The Subthalamic Nucleus: A More Complex Structure than Expected. In: Percheron, G., McKenzie, J.S., Féger, J. (eds) The Basal Ganglia IV. Advances in Behavioral Biology, vol 41. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0485-2_39
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