Abstract
In this chapter, the emphasis is placed on creating and maintaining stable openings in ground that actively resists such efforts. As adjuncts to tunneling, mention is made of the problems of creating permanent portals in predetermined locations and some of the stability problems encountered in cavern excavation.
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© 1996 Chapman & Hall
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McCusker, T.G. (1996). Tunneling in Difficult Ground. In: Bickel, J.O., Kuesel, T.R., King, E.H. (eds) Tunnel Engineering Handbook. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0449-4_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0449-4_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-8053-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0449-4
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