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Hiv-1 Neuropathogenesis and Abused Drugs

Current Views, Problems, and Solutions

  • Chapter
AIDS, Drugs of Abuse, and the Neuroimmune Axis

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 402))

Abstract

HIV Associated Dementia (HAD) and peripheral neuropathy result from HIV-1 infection and several parameters impact on their initiation and course. These parameters include properties of the virus such as sequence heterogeneity of the envelope protein and virus and host gene expression in infected and uninfected macrophages in HIV infected individuals. The infection of brain cells such as macrophage/microglia may influence the course and duration of HAD through the elaboration of toxic molecules and viral host by-products of infection. Drugs of abuse complicate our interpretation of the resulting pathologies and affect the molecular and biochemical processes involved in HIV-1 infection and its life cycle. Furthermore, abused drugs may modulate the biology and function of macrophage/microglia as well as other cells in brain. Total HIV-1 virus load in the brain may also impact the clinical consequences of infection. Although specific strains of HIV-1 may inflict HAD by interactions at the molecular level, other mechanisms may operate in the initiation and development of peripheral neuropathy. An important aspect of these studies is the determination of their accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. We describe important caveats involved in the performance, analysis, and interpretation of the results.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA

    Dr. Paul Shapshak (Professor and Director of the HIV Laboratory), K. Goodkin, R. K. Fujimura, R. Stewart, S. Delgado, A. Matthews, R. Douyon, J. Yang, S. Shatkovsky & J. B. Fernandez

  2. Department of Neurology, USA

    Dr. Paul Shapshak (Professor and Director of the HIV Laboratory) & C. Petito

  3. Department of Pathology, USA

    Dr. Paul Shapshak (Professor and Director of the HIV Laboratory), N. Weatherby & S. M. Shah

  4. Department of Epidemiology, USA

    K. A. Crandall

  5. Department of Psychology, USA

    K. Q. Xin, K. Okuda, B. T. Zhangl & X. R. Cao

  6. Comprehensive Drug Research Center, University of Miami Medical School, Miami, Florida, USA

    K. Goodkin & C. B. McCoy

  7. Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA

    W. Bradley

  8. Department of Bacteriology, Yokohama City Medical School, Yokohama, Japan

    C. B. McCoy & N. Weatherby

  9. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    I. Nagano & M. Yoshioka

  10. Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA

    I. Nagano

  11. Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Medical School, Sendai, Japan

    N. C. J. Sun

  12. Department of Viral Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC, USA

    A. K. Srivastava

  13. Broward County Medical Examiner’s Office, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA

    J. Perper

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  1. Dr. Paul Shapshak
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  2. K. A. Crandall
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  6. W. Bradley
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  13. N. Weatherby
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  14. R. Stewart
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  15. S. Delgado
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  16. A. Matthews
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  17. R. Douyon
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  18. K. Okuda
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  19. J. Yang
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  20. B. T. Zhangl
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  22. S. Shatkovsky
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  23. J. B. Fernandez
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  24. S. M. Shah
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  25. J. Perper
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paul Shapshak .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Herman Friedman

  2. Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Toby K. Eisenstein

  3. Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    John Madden

  4. Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

    Burt M. Sharp

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© 1996 Plenum Press, New York

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Shapshak, P. et al. (1996). Hiv-1 Neuropathogenesis and Abused Drugs. In: Friedman, H., Eisenstein, T.K., Madden, J., Sharp, B.M. (eds) AIDS, Drugs of Abuse, and the Neuroimmune Axis. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 402. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0407-4_23

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0407-4_23

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-8038-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0407-4

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