Abstract
Knowledge related to toxic effects of produced water in areas adjacent to the discharge points has been improved through several studies during the recent years (Neff, 1987, Schiff et al., 1992; Sauer et al., 1992; Brendehaug et al., 1992). However more knowledge is required, especially with regard to possibilities of long term effects. It is difficult to do toxicity tests in the laboratory due to the complex and variable composition of produced water (Middleditch, 1984; Higashi et al., 1992), and field assessments are complicated by other types of production activities that confound effects of produced water (Carney, 1987; Spies, 1987). It is also necessary to improve and verify dispersion models and to improve correlations between produced water dispersion, presence and distribution of biological resources and potential environmental effects. The Norwegian Oil Industry Association (OLF), in association with Statoil and Norsk Hydro, is presently undertaking a project to clarify the relationships between produced water discharges and potential environmental effects. The project is titled “Discharges of produced water to the North Sea - effects in the water column”. The ultimate vision of the project is to develop a model that may assist the industry in predicting such effects. The programme was started in 1993 and is expected to continue throughout 1997. Phase I, which has now been completed, has primarily been a fact-finding and status-collection effort which will form basis for the work to be performed in the subsequent phases. Phase II, which started in January 1995, is primarily concerned with biological degradation and availability of produced water components, and development of techniques for monitoring the produced water components in the recipient.
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Røe, T.I., Johnsen, S., The Norwegian Oil Industry Association (OLF). (1996). Discharges of Produced Water to the North Sea. In: Reed, M., Johnsen, S. (eds) Produced Water 2. Environmental Science Research, vol 52. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0379-4_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0379-4_3
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