Abstract
Many species from different taxa respond to one or more features of the geomagnetic field (Keeton, 1971, 1972; Lindauer and Martin, 1972; Wiltschko, 1972; Walcott and Green, 1974; Martin and Lindauer, 1977; Quinn, 1980; Wiltschko et al., 1981). These responses fall into two general categories: responses to magnetic field direction and to magnetic field intensity. Magnetic compass responses include the vanishing bearings of homing pigeons (Walcott and Green, 1974) and directional preferences of migratory species in orientation arena experiments (Wiltschko, 1972; Tesch, 1974; Quinn, 1980). The postulated magnetic intensity, or “map”, response (Gould, 1980, 1982; Moore, 1980; Walcott, 1980) refers to the apparent ability of homing pigeons to determine their position to within a kilometer or two using some feature related to geomagnetic field intensity. This response has been inferred from the vanishing bearings and homing speeds of birds released at geomagnetic field anomalies and during magnetic storms (Keeton, 1969, 1971, 1972; Gould, 1980, 1982; Walcott, 1980). Gould (Chapter 12, this volume) provides a full discussion of this research.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Able, K. P., 1980, Mechanisms of orientation, navigation, and homing, in: Animal Migration, Orientation, and Navigation (S. A. Gauthreaux, Jr., ed.), Academic Press, New York, p. 283–373.
Baker, R. R., Mather, J. G., and Kennaugh, J. H., 1983, Magnetic bones in human sinuses, Nature 301:78–80.
Balkwill, D. L., Maratea, D., and Blakemore, R. P., 1980, Ultrastructure of a magnetotactic spirillum, J. Bacteriol. 141:1399–1408.
Beaugrand, J. P., 1976, An attempt to confirm magnetic sensitivity in the pigeon, Columba livia, J. Comp. Physiol. A 110:343–355.
Bitterman, M. E., 1966, Animal learning, in: Experimental Methods and Instrumentation in Psychology (J. B. Sidowski, ed.), McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 451–484.
Bitterman, M. E., 1979, Discrimination, in: Animal Learning: Survey and Analysis (M. E. Bitterman, V. M. LoLordo, J. B. Overmier, and M. F. Rashotte, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 413–443.
Bookman, M. A., 1977, Sensitivity of the homing pigeon to an earth-strength magnetic field, Nature 267:340–342.
Carey, F. G., and Robison, B. H., 1981, Daily patterns in the activities of swordfish, Xiphias gladius, observed by acoustic telemetry, U. S. Fish Bull. 79:277–292.
Cisowski, S., 1981, Interacting vs. non-interacting single-domain behavior in natural and synthetic samples, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 26:56–62.
Cope, F. W., 1971, Evidence from activation energies for superconductive tunneling in biological systems at physiological temperatures, Physiol. Chem. Phys. 3:403–410.
Cope, F. W., 1973, Biological sensitivity to weak magnetic fields due to biological superconductive Josephson junctions?, Physiol. Chem. Phys. 5:173–176.
Emlen, S. T., 1975, Migration: Orientation and navigation, in: Avian Biology, Volume V (D. S. Farner, J. R. King, and K. C. Parkes, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 129–219.
Frankel, R. B., and Blakemore, R. P., 1980, Navigational compass in magnetic bacteria, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 15-18:1561–1564.
Frankel, R. B., Blakemore, R. P., and Wolfe, R. S., 1979, Magnetite in freshwater magnetotactic bacteria, Science 203:1355–1356.
Gould, J. L., 1980, The case for magnetic sensitivity in birds and bees (such as it is), Am. Sci. 68:256–267.
Gould, J. L., 1982, The map sense of pigeons, Nature 296:205–211.
Gould, J. L., Kirschvink, J. L., and Deffeyes, K. S., 1978, Bees have magnetic remanence, Science 201:1026–1028.
Griffin, D. R., 1982, Ecology of migration: Is magnetic orientation a reality?, Q. Rev. Biol. 57(3):293–295.
Ising, G., 1945, Die physikalische Moglichkeit eines tierischen Orientierungssinnes auf Basis der Erdrotation, Ark. Mat. Astron. Fys. 32A(18):l-23.
Jemison, H. A., III, Dizon, A. E., and Walker, M. M., 1982, An automatic feeder for liquids and wet or dry solids, Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. 24(1):54–55.
Jones, D. S., and MacFadden, B. J., 1982, Induced magnetization in the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus (Insecta, Lepidoptera), J. Exp. Biol. 96:1–9.
Jungerman, R. L., and Rosenblum, B., 1980, Magnetic induction for the sensing of magnetic fields by animals-An analysis, J. Theor. Biol. 87:25–32.
Kalmijn, A. J., 1974, The detection of electric fields from inanimate and animate sources other than electric organs, in: Handbook of Sensory Physiology, Volume III/3 (A. Fessard, ed.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 147–200.
Kalmijn, A. J., 1978, Experimental evidence of geomagnetic orientation in elasmobranch fishes, in: Animal Migration, Navigation, and Homing, (K. Schmidt-Koenig and W. T. Keeton, eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 347–353.
Kalmijn, A. J., 1981, Biophysics of geomagnetic field detection, IEEE Trans. Magn. Mag-17:113–1124.
Keeton, W. T., 1969, Orientation by pigeons: Is the sun necessary?, Science 165:922–928.
Keeton, W. T., 1971, Magnets interfere with pigeon homing, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 68:102–106.
Keeton, W. T., 1972, Effects of magnets on pigeon homing, in: Animal Orientation and Navigation (S. R. Galler, K. Schmidt-Koenig, G. J. Jacobs, and R. E. Belleville, eds.), NASA SP-262, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., pp. 579–594.
Kirschvink, J. L., 1981, The horizontal magnetic dance of the honeybee is compatible with a single-domain ferromagnetic magnetoreceptor, BioSystems 14:193–203.
Kirschvink, J. L., 1983, Biogenic ferrimagnetism: A new biomagnetism, in: Biomagnetism: An Interdisciplinary Approach (S. Williamson, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 501–532.
Kirschvink, J. L., and Gould, J. L., 1981, Biogenic magnetite as a basis for magnetic field detection in animals, Biosystems 13:181–201.
Kirschvink, J. L., and Lowenstam, H. A., 1979, Mineralization and magnetization of chiton teeth: Paleomagnetic, sedimentologic, and biologic implications of organic magnetite, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 44:193–204.
Kirschvink, J. L., Walker, M. M., Chang, S.-B. R., Dizon, A. E., and Peterson, K. A., 1985, Chains of single-domain magnetite particles in chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, J. Comp. Physiol. A., in press.
Kling, J. W., 1971, Learning: Introductory survey, in: Woodworth & Schlosberg‘s Experimental Psychology (J. W. Kling and L. A. Riggs, eds.), Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York, pp. 551–613.
Kreithen, M. L., and Keeton, W. T., 1974, Attempts to condition homing pigeons to magnetic stimuli, J. Comp. Physiol. A 91:355–362.
Leask, M. J. M., 1977, A physicochemical mechanism for magnetic field detection by migratory birds and homing pigeons, Nature 267:144–145.
Lindauer, M., and Martin, H., 1972, Magnetic effect on dancing bees, in: Animal Orientation and Navigation (S. R. Galler, K. Schmidt-Koenig, G. J. Jacobs, and R. E. Belleville, eds.), NASA SP-262, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 559–567.
Lins de Barros, H. G. P., Esquivel, D. M. S., Danon, J., and Oliveira, L. P. H., 1981, Magnetotactic algae, Acad. Bras. Cienc. Notas Fis. CBPF-NF-048/81.
Lowenstam, H. A., 1962, Magnetite in denticle capping in recent chitons (Polyplacophora), Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 73:435–438.
Lowenstam, H. A., 1981, Minerals formed by organisms, Science, 211:1126–1131.
Lowenstam, H. A., and Weiner, S., 1983, Mineralization by organisms and the evolution of biomineralization, in: Biomineralization and Biological Metal Accumulation (P. Westbroek and E. W. de Jong, eds.), Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 191–203.
Mackintosh, N. J., 1974, The Psychology of Animal Learning, Academic Press, New York.
Martin, M., and Lindauer, M., 1977, The effect of the earth‘s magnetic field on gravity orientation in the honey bee (Apis mellifica), J. Comp. Physiol. A 122:145–187.
Meyer, M. E., and Lambe, D. R., 1966, Sensitivity of the pigeon to changes in the magnetic field, Psychon. Sci. 5(9):349–350.
Moore, B. R., 1980, Is the homing pigeon‘s map geomagnetic?, Nature 285:69–70.
Ossenkopp, K.-P., and Barbeito, R., 1978, Bird orientation and the geomagnetic field: A review, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2:255–270.
Phillips, J. B., 1977, Use of the earth‘s magnetic field by orienting cave salamanders (Eurycea lucifuga), J. Comp. Physiol. A 121:273–288.
Presti, D., and Pettigrew, J. D., 1980, Ferromagnetic coupling to muscle receptors as a basis for geomagnetic field sensitivity in animals, Nature 285:99–101.
Quinn, T. P., 1980, Evidence for celestial and magnetic compass orientation in lake migrating sockeye salmon fry, J. Comp. Physiol. A 137:243–248.
Quinn, T. P., 1982, A model for salmon navigation on the high seas, in: Proceedings of the Salmon and Trout Migratory Behavior Symposium, (E. L. Brannon and E. O. Salo, eds.), pp. 229–237.
Quinn, T. P., and Brannon, E. L., 1982, The use of celestial and magnetic cues by orienting sockeye salmon smolts, J. Comp. Physiol. A 147:547–552.
Quinn, T. P., Merrill, R. T., and Brannon, E. L., 1981, Magnetic field detection in sockeye salmon, J. Exp. Zool. 217:137–142.
Reille, A., 1968, Essai de mise en evidence d‘une sensibilité du pigeon au champ magnétique à l‘aide d‘un conditionnement nociceptif, J. Physiol. (Paris) 60:85–92.
Russo, F., and Caldwell, W. E., 1971, Biomagnetic phenomena: Some implications for the behavioral and neurophysiological sciences, Genet. Psychol. Monogr. 84:177–243.
Smith, G. W., Hawkins, A. D., Urquhart, G. G., and Shearer, W. M., 1981, Orientation and energetic efficiency in the offshore movements of returning Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., Scott. Fish. Res. Rep. 21, ISSN 0308 8022.
Southern, W. E., 1978, Orientation of ring-billed gull chicks: A revaluation, in: Animal Migration, Navigation, and Homing, (K. Schmidt-Koenig and W. T. Keeton, eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 311–317.
Tesch, F.-W., 1974, Influence of geomagnetism and salinity on the directional choice of eels, Helgol. Wiss. Meeresunters. 26:382–395.
Walcott, C., 1980, Magnetic orientation in homing pigeons, IEEE Trans. Magn. Mag-16:1008–1013.
Walcott, C., and Green, R. P., 1974, Orientation of homing pigeons altered by a change in the direction of an applied magnetic field, Science 184:180–182.
Walcott, C., Gould, J. L., and Kirschvink, J. L., 1979, Pigeons have magnets, Science 205:1027–1029.
Walker, M. M., 1984, Learned magnetic field discrimination in yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, J. Comp. Physiol. A. 155:673–679.
Walker, M. M., Kirschvink, J. L., Chang, S.-B. R., and Dizon, A. E., 1984, A candidate magnetic sense organ in the yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, Science 224:751–753.
Weiner, S., Traub, W., and Lowenstam, H. A., 1983, Organic matrix in calcified exoskeletons, in: Biomineralization and Biological Metal Accumulation (P. Westbroek and E. W. de Jong, eds.), Reidel, Dordrecht.
Wiltschko, R., Nohr, D., and Wiltschko, W., 1981, Pigeons with a deficient sun compass use the magnetic compass, Science 214:343–345.
Wiltschko, W., 1972, The influence of magnetic total intensity and inclination on directions preferred by migrating European robins (Erithacus rubecula), in: Animal Orientation and Navigation (S. R. Galler, K., Schmidt-Koenig, G. J. Jacobs, and R. E. Belleville, eds.), NASA SP-262, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., pp. 569–577.
Woodward, W. T., and Bitterman, M. E., 1974, A discrete-trials/fixed-interval method of discrimination training, Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. 6:389–392.
Yorke, E. D., 1979, A possible magnetic transducer in birds, J. Theor. Biol. 77:101–105.
Yorke, E. D., 1981, Sensitivity of pigeons to small magnetic field variations, J. Theor. Biol. 89:533–537.
Yuen, H. S. H., 1970, Behavior of skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, as determined by tracking with ultrasonic devices, J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 27:2071–2079.
Zoeger, J., Dunn, J. R., and Fuller, M., 1981, Magnetic material in the head of the common Pacific dolphin, Science 213:892–894.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Walker, M.M., Kirschvink, J.L., Dizon, A.E. (1985). Magnetoreception and Biomineralization of Magnetite Fish. In: Kirschvink, J.L., Jones, D.S., MacFadden, B.J. (eds) Magnetite Biomineralization and Magnetoreception in Organisms. Topics in Geobiology, vol 5. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0313-8_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0313-8_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7992-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0313-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive