Abstract
The vast majority of studies on early mammalian embryo metabolism have been concerned with the generation, rather than the fate, of ATP. Thus, research has focused on the uptake or metabolism of energy sources added to embryo culture media. There have been an even greater number of studies in which metabolism as such has not been measured, but rather where blastocyst formation has been used as an endpoint to assess the effect of different energy sourees. It is generally agreed that the early phases of mammalian preimplantation development are relatively quiescent metabolically, relying on substrates such as pyruvate, lactate, or amino acids, which are metabolized aerobically (1–5).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barnett DK, Bavister BD. What is the relationship between the metabolism of preimplantation embryos and their developmental competence? Mol Reprod Dev 1996;43: 105–33.
Gardner DK. Changes in requirements and utlization of nutrients during mammalian preimplantation embryo development and their significance in embryo culture. Theriogenology 1998;49:83–102.
Leese HJ. Metabolism of the preimplantation mammalian embryo. In: Milligan SR, ed. Oxford Reviews of Reproductive Biology 13. London: Oxford University Press, 1991:35–72.
Leese HJ. Metabolie control during preimplantation mammalian development. Hum Reprod Update 1995;1:63–72.
Rieger D. Relationship between energy metabolism and development of the early embryo. Theriogenology 1992;37:75–93.
Martin KL, Leese HJ. Role of glucose in mouse preimplantation embryo development. Mol Reprod Dev 1995;40:436–43.
Houghton FD, Thompson JG, Kennedy CJ, Leese HJ. Oxygen consumption and energy metabolism of the early mouse embryo. Mol Reprod Oev 1996;44:476–85.
Gibb CA, Poronnik P, Day ML, Cook DI. Control of cytosolic pH in two cell mouse embryos: role of H+-Iactate cotransport and Na+/H+ exchange. Am J Physiol 1997;273:C404–19.
Butcher L, Coates A, Martin KL, Rutherford AJ, Leese HJ. Metabolism of pyruvate by the early human embryo. Biol Reprod 1998;58:1054–56.
Van Winkle LJ, Dickinson HR. Differences in amino acid content of preimplantation mouse embryos that develop in vitro versus in vivo: in vitro effects of five amino acids that are abundant in oviductal secretions. Biol Reprod 1995;52:96–104.
Partridge RJ, Leese HJ. Consumption of amino acids by bovine preimplantation embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 1996;8:945–50.
Leese HJ, Ferguson EM. Embryo metabolism. In: Jansen R, Mortimer D, eds. Towards reproductive certainty. New York: Parthenon Publishing Group, 1999:360–66.
Ferguson EM, Leese HJ. Triglyceride content of bovine oocytes and early embryos. J Reprod Fertil 1999;116:373–78.
Rolfe DFS, Brown GC. Cellular energy utilization and molecular origin of standard metabolic rate in mammals. Physiol Rev 1997;77:731–58.
Benos DJ, Balaban RS. Energy requirements of the developing mammalian blastocyst for active ion transport. Biol Reprod 1980;23:941–47.
Benos DJ, Balaban RS. Energy metabolism of preimplantation mammalian blastocysts. Am J Physiol 1983;245:C40-C45.
Donnay I, Leese HJ. Embryo metabolism during the expansion of the bovine blastocyst. Mol Reprod Dev 1999;53:171–78.
Thompson JG, McNaughton C, Gasparrini B, McGowan LT, Tervit HR. Effect of inhibitors and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation during compaction and blasatulation of bovine embryos cultured in vitro. J Reprod Fertil 2000; 118:47–55.
Brison DR, Leese HJ. Blastocoel cavity formation by preimplantation rat embryos in the presence of cyanide and other inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation. J Reprod Fertil 1994;101:305–9.
Thompson JG, Partridge RJ, Houghton FD, Cox CI, Leese HJ. Oxygen uptake and carbohydrate metabolism by in vitro derived bovine embryos. J Reprod Fertil 1996;106:299–306.
McDonald P, Edwards RA, Greenhalgh JFD, Morgan CA. Animal nutrition, 5th ed. Harlow Essex, UK: Addison Wesley Longman, 1998:209.
Manes C, Lai Ne. Nonmitochondrial oxygen utilization by rabbit blastocysts and surface production of superoxide radicals. J Reprod Fertil 1995;104:69–75.
Hewitson LC, Leese HJ. Energy metabolism of the trophectoderm and inner cell mass of the mouse blastocyst. J Exp Zool 1993;267:337–43.
Bamett DK, Kimura J, Bavister BD. Translocation of active mitochondria during hamster preimplantation embryo development studied by confocallaser scanning microscopy. Dev Biol 1996;205:64–72.
Lane M, Gardner DK. Selection of viable mouse blastocysts prior to transfer using a metabolic criterion. Hum Reprod 1996;11:1975–78.
Jones GM, Trounson AO, Vella FJ, Thuoas GA, Lolatgis N, Wood C. Glucose metabolism cannot be used as a biomarker of viability to select human blastocysts for transfer. Proceedings of the eleventh world congress on in vitro fertilization and human reproductive genetics, Sydney, Australia, 1999:143.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this paper
Cite this paper
Leese, H.J., Houghton, F.D., Macmillan, D.A., Donnay, I. (2001). Metabolism of the Early Embryo: Energy Production and Utilization. In: Gardner, D.K., Lane, M. (eds) ART and the Human Blastocyst. Proceedings in the Serono Symposia USA Series. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0149-3_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0149-3_6
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-6540-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0149-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive