Skip to main content

Abstract

During the past few millennia, humans have emerged as the major force of change around the globe. The large environmental changes wrought by our actions include modification of the global climate system, reduction in stratospheric ozone, alteration of the earth’s biogeochemical cycles, changes in the distribution and abundance of biological resources, and decreasing water quantity and quality (Meyer and Turner 1994; IPCC 1996; Mahlman 1997; Vitousek et al. 1997). One of the most pervasive aspects of human-induced change involves the widespread transformation of land through efforts to provide food, shelter, and products for our use. Land transformation is perhaps the most profound result of human actions because it affects so many of the planet’s physical and biological systems (Kates et al. 1990). In fact, land-use changes directly impact the ability of the earth to continue providing the goods and services upon which humans depend.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Andren, H. 1997. Population response to landscape changes depends on specialization to different landscape elements. Oikos 80:193–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, W.L. 1992. Effects of settlement and fire suppression on landscape structure. Ecology 73:1879–1887.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bilby, R.E., and P.A. Bisson. 1998. Function and distribution of large woody debris. Pages 324–346 in R.J. Naiman and R.E. Bilby, editors. River ecology and management. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Boose, E.R., D.R. Foster, and M. Fluet. 1994. Hurricane impacts to tropical and temperate forest landscapes. Ecological Monographs 64:369–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brothers, T.S., and A. Spingharn. 1992. Forest fragmentation and alien plant invasion of central Indiana old-growth forests. Conservation Biology 6:91–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J.H. 1978. The theory of insular biogeography and the distribution of boreal birds and mammals. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 2:209–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burgess, R.L., and D.M. Sharpe, editors. 1981. Forest island dynamics in man-dominated landscapes. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, S.R. 1992. Destabilization of planktonic ecosystems and blooms of blue-green algae. Pages 461–481 in J. F. Kitchell, editor. Food web management. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, S.R., and J.F. Kitchell. 1988. Consumer control of lake productivity. Bioscience 38:764–769.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, CR., J.H. Vanderneer, and P.M. Rosset, editors. 1990. Agroecology. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chabot, B.F., and H.A. Mooney, editors. 1985. Physiological ecology of North American plant communities. Chapman & Hall, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charbonneau, R., and G.M. Kondolf. 1993. Land use change in California, USA: nonpoint source water quality impacts. Environmental Management 17:453–460.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cowles, H.C. 1911. The causes of vegetation cycles. Botanical Gazette 51:161–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dale, V.H., L.K. Mann, R.J. Olson, D.W. Johnson, and K.C. Dearstone. 1990. The long-term influence of past land use on the Walker Branch forest. Landscape Ecology 4:211–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dale, V.H., R.V. O’Neill, M. Pedlowski, and F. Southworth. 1993. Causes and effects of land-use change in central Rondônia, Brazil. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 56:997–1005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale, V.H., R.V. O’Neill, F. Southworth, and M. Pedlowski. 1994a. Modeling effects of land management in the Brazilian amazonian settlement of Rondônia. Conservation Biology 8:196–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dale, V.H., S.M. Pearson, H.L. Offerman, and R.V. O’Neill. 1994b. Relating patterns of land-use change to faunal biodiversity in the central Amazon. Conservation Biology 8:1027–1036.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dale, V.H., A. Lugo, J. MacMahon, and S. Pickett. 1998. Ecosystem management in the context of large, infrequent disturbances. Ecosystems 1:546–557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dale, V.H., S. Brown, R.A. Haeuber, N.T. Hobbs, N. Huntly, R.J. Naiman, W.E. Riebsame, M.G. Turner, and T.J. Valone. 2000. Ecological principles and guidelines for managing the use of land. Ecological Applications 10:639–670.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeFerrari, C, and R.J. Naiman. 1994. A multiscale assessment of exotic plants on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Journal of Vegetation Science 5:247–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Detenbeck, N.E., C.A. Johnston, and G.J. Niemi. 1993. Wetland effects on lake water quality in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area. Landscape Ecology 8:39–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, H.L., and P.F. Noonan. 1996. Land use in America: report of the sustainable use of land project. Island Press, Covelo, California, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, J. 1997. Guns, germs, and steel: the fates of human societies. Norton, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diaz, N., and D. Apostol. 1992. Forest landscape analysis and design. Eco-TP-043-92. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drake, J.A., H.A. Mooney, F. di Castri, R.H. Groves, F.J. Kruger, M. Rejmanek, and M. Williamson, editors. 1989. Biological invasions: a global perspective. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, E.H., and D.L. Tessaglia. 1994. Prédation of birds at feeders in winter. Journal of Fieldj Ornithology 65:8–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewel, J.J., M.J. Mazzarino, and C.W. Berish. 1991. Tropical soil fertility changes under monocultures and successional communities of different structure. Ecological Applications 1:289–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fahrig, L. 1997. Relative effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on population extinction. Journal of Wildlife Management 61:603–610.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forman, R.T.T. 1995. Land mosaics: the ecology of landscapes and regions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman, R.T.T., and L.E. Alexander. 1998. Roads and their major ecological effects. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29:207–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foster, D.R. 1992. Land-use history (1730–1990) and vegetation dynamics in central New England, USA. Journal of Ecology 80:753–772.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foster, M.L., and S.R. Humphrey. 1995. Use of highway underpasses by Florida panthers and other wildlife. Wildlife Society Bulletin 23:95–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank, D.A., and R.S. Inouye. 1994. Temporal variation in actual évapotranspiration of terrestrial ecosystems: patterns and ecological implications. Journal of Biogeography 21:401–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, J.F. 1993. Preserving biodiversity: species, ecosystems, or landscapes? Ecological Applications 3:202–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, J.F., and R.T.T. Forman. 1987. Creating landscape patterns by forest cutting: ecological consequences and principles. Landscape Ecology 1:5–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gamradt, S.C., and L.B. Kats. 1996. Effect of introduced crayfish and mosquitofish on California newts. Conservation Biology 10:1155–1162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, R.H., R.V. O’Neill, M.G. Turner, and V.H. Dale. 1989. Quantifying scale-dependent effects of animal movement with simple percolation models. Landscape Ecology 3:217–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Getz, L.L., F.R. Cole, and D.L. Gates. 1978. Interstate roadsides as dispersal routes for Microtus pennsylvamicus. Journal of Mammalogy 59:208–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilruth, P.T., S.E. Marsh, and R. Itami. 1995. A dynamic spatial model of shifting cultivation in the highlands of Guinea, West Africa. Ecological Modeling 79:179–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Givnish, T.J., editor. 1986. On the economy of plant form and function. Cambridge University Press, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glantz, M.H., editor. 1994. Drought follows the plow. Cambridge University Press, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glenn-Lewin, D.C., and E. van der Maarel. 1992. Patterns and processes of vegetation dynamics. Pages 11–59 in D.C. Glenn-Lewin, R.K. Peet, and T.T. Veblen, editors. Plant succession. Chapman & Hall, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haeuber, R.A., and W.K. Michener. 1998. Policy implications of recent natural and managed floods. BioScience 48:765–772.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansson, L., L. Fahrig, and G. Merriam, editors. 1995. Mosaic landscapes and ecological processes. Chapman & Hall, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmon, M.E., J.F. Franklin, F.J. Swanson, P. Sollins, S.V. Gregory, J.D. Lattin, N.H. Anderson, S.P. Cline, N.G. Aumen, J.R. Sedell, G.W. Lienkaemper, K. Cromack, Jr., and K.W. Cummins. 1986. Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems. Advances in Ecological Research 15:133–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harms, W.B., A.H.F. Stortelder, and W. Vos. 1987. Effects of intensification of agriculture on nature and landscape in the Netherlands. Pages 357–379 in M.G. Wolman and F.G. Fourier, editors. Land transformation in agriculture. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, R.D., J.S. Hadfield, and H. Greenup. 1985. Port-Orford-cedar root rot on the Siskiyou National Forest in Oregon. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Insect and Disease Management, Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hastings, A. 1980. Disturbance, coexistence, history, and competition for space. Theoretical Population Biology 18:363–373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hofacker, T.H., M.D. South, and M.E. Mielke. 1993. Asian gypsy moths enter North Carolina by way of Europe: a trip report. Gypsy Moth News 33: 13–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inouye, R.S., and D. Tilman. 1995. Convergence and divergence of old-field vegetation after 11 years of nitrogen addition. Ecology 76:1872–1887.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 1996. Climate change 1995. Impacts, adaptations, and mitigation of climate change: scientific-technical analyses. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaarsma, C.F. 1997. Approaches for the planning of rural road networks according to sustainable land-use planning. Landscape and Urban Planning 39:47–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, C.G., J.H. Lawton, and M. Shachak. 1994. Organisms as ecosystem engineers. Oikos 69:373–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kates, R.W., W.C. Clark, V. Norberg-Bohm, and B.L. Turner II. 1990. Human sources of global change: a report on priority research initiatives for 1990–1995. Discussion Paper G-90-08. Global Environmental Policy Project, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, R.G., R.O. Flamm, M.G. Turner, C. Bledsoe, P. Changier, C. DeFerrari, R. Gottfried, R.J. Naiman, N. Schumaker, and D. Wear. 1992. Integrating sustainable development and environmental vitality. Pages 499–521 in R.J. Naiman, editor. New perspectives in watershed management. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, D.S., L.R. Iverson, and S. Brown. 1993. Rates and patterns of deforestation in the Philippines: application of geographic information system analysis. Forest Ecology and Management 57:1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lovejoy, T.E., R.O. Bierregard, A.B. Rylands, J.R. Malcolm, CE. Quintela, L.H. Harper, K.S. Brown, Jr., A.H. Powell, A.V.H. Powell, H.O.R. Schubert, and M.B. Hays. 1986. Edge and other effects of isolation on Amazonian forest fragments. Pages 257–285 in M.E. Soulé, editor. Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and diversity. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lugo, A.E., and F.N. Scatena. 1996. Background and catastrophic tree mortality in tropical moist, wet, and rain forests. Biotropica 28:585–599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahlman, J.D. 1997. Uncertainties in projections of human-caused climate warming. Science 278:1416–1417.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, L.K., A.W. King, V.H. Dale, W.W. Hargrove, R. Washington-Allen, L. Pounds, and T.A. Ashwood. 1999. The role of soil classification in geographic information system modeling of habitat pattern: threatened calcareous ecosystems. Ecosystems 2:524–538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McNaughton, S.J. 1979. Grassland-herbivore dynamics. Pages 46–81 in A.R.E. Sinclair and M. Norton-Griffiths, editors. Serengeti: dynamics of an ecosystem. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNaughton, S.J. 1993. Biodiversity and function of grazing ecosystems. Pages 361–383 in E.D. Schulze and H.A. Mooney, editors. Biodiversity and ecosystem function. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merriam, G., M. Kozakiewiez, E. Tsuchiya, and K. Hawley. 1989. Barriers as boundaries for rnetapopulations and demes of Peromyscus leucopus in farm landscapes. Landscape Ecology 2:227–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, W.B., and B.L. Turner II, editors. 1994. Changes in land use and land cover: a global perspective. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, R. 1984. The ecological basis for comparative primary productivity. Pages 13–53 in R. Lowrance, B.R. Stinner, and G.J. House, editors. Agricultural ecosystems. Wiley Interscience, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mladenoff, D.J., T.A. Sickley, R.G. Haight, and A.P. Wydeven. 1995. A regional landscape analysis of favorable gray wolf habitat in the northern Great Lakes region. Conservation Biology 9:279–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Motzkin, G., D. Foster, A. Allen, J. Harrod, and R. Boone. 1996. Controlling site to evaluate history: vegetation patterns of a New England sand plain. Ecological Monographs 66:345–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naiman, R.J., and H. Décamps. 1997. The ecology of interfaces: riparian zones. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 28:621–658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naiman, R.J., and K.H. Rogers. 1997. Large animals and system-level characteristics in river corridors. BioScience 47:521–529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naiman, R.J., J.J. Magnuson, D.M. McKnight, and J.A. Stanford, editors. 1995. The freshwater imperative: a research agenda. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newmark, W.D. 1995. Extinction of mammal populations in western North American National Parks. Conservation Biology 9:512–525.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noss, R.F., and B. Csuti. 1994. Habitat fragmentation. Pages 237–264 in G.K. Meffe and C.R. Carroll, editors. Principles of conservation biology. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Odum, E.P. 1969. The strategy of ecosystem development. Science 164:262–270.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paine, R.T. 1969. A note on trophic complexity and community stability. American Naturalist 103:91–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paine, R.T. 1995. A conversation on refining the concept of keystone species. Conservation Biology 9:962–964.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paine, R.T., M.J. Tegner, and A.E. Johnson. 1998. Compounded perturbations yield ecological surprises: everything else is business as usual. Ecosystems 1:535–545.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, B.D. 1987. The principle of nested subsets and its implications for biological conservation. Conservation Biology 1:323–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, S.M. 1993. The spatial extent and relative influence of landscape-level factors on wintering bird populations. Landscape Ecology 8:3–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, S.M., M.G. Turner, R.H. Gardner, and R.V. O’Neill. 1996. An organism-based perspective of habitat fragmentation. Pages 77–95 in R.C. Szaro, editor. Biodiversity in managed landscapes: theory and practice. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peet, R.K. 1992. Community structure and ecosystem function. Pages 103–151 in D.C. Glenn-Lewin, R.K. Peet, and T.T. Veblen, editors. Plant succession-theory and prediction. Chapman & Hall, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perlin, J. 1989. A forest journey: the role of wood in the development of civilization. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterjohn, W.T., and D.L. Correll. 1984. Nutrient dynamics in an agricultural watershed: observations on the role of a riparian forest. Ecology 65:1466–1475.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pickett, S.T.A., and P.S. White, editors. 1985. The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. Academic Press, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickett, S.T.A., S.C. Collins, and J.J. Armesto. 1987a. Models, mechanisms, and pathways of succession. Botanical Review 53:335–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pickett, S.T.A., S.C. Collins, and J.J. Armesto. 1987b. A hierarchical consideration of causes and mechanisms of succession. Vegetation 69:109–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pickett, S.T.A., and M.L. Cadenasso. 1995. Landscape ecology: spatial heterogeneity in ecological systems. Science 269:331–334.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poff, N.L., J.D. Allan, M.B. Bain, J.R. Karr, K.L. Prestegaard, B.D. Richter, R.E. Sparks, and J.C. Stromberg. 1997. The natural flow regime. BioScience 47:769–784.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Polis, G.A., and K.O. Winemiller. 1996. Food webs: integration of patterns and dynamics. Chapman & Hall, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Power, M.E. 1992. Top-down and bottom-up forces in food webs: do plants have primacy? Ecology 73:733–746.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Power, M.E., D. Tilman, J.A. Estes, B.A. Menge, W.J. Bond, L.S. Mills, G. Daily, J.C. Castilla, J. Lubchenco, and R.T. Paine. 1996. Challenges in the quest for keystones. Bioscience 46:609–620.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pulliam, H.R., J.B. Dunning, and J. Liu. 1992. Population dynamics in complex landscapes: a case study. Ecological Applications 2:165–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reice, S.R. 1994. Nonequilibrium determinants of biological community structure. American Scientist 82:424–435.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, J.F. 1990. Land transformations. Pages 163–178 in B.L. Turner II, W.C. Clark, R.W. Kates, J.F. Richards, J.T. Matthews, and W.B. Meyer, editors. The Earth as transformed by human action: global and regional changes in the biosphere over the past 300 years. Cambridge University Press, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riebsame, W.E., W.J. Parton, K.A. Galvin, I.C. Burke, L. Bohren, R. Young, and E. Knop. 1994. Integrated modeling of land use and cover change. Bioscience 44:350–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Risser, P.G. 1985. Toward a holistic management perspective. BioScience 35:414–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, S.K., F.R. Thompson III, T.M. Donovan, D.R. Whitehead, and J. Faaborg. 1995. Regional forest fragmentation and the nesting success of migratory birds. Science 267:1987–1990.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roland, J. 1993. Large-scale forest fragmentation increases the duration of tent caterpillar outbreak. Oecologia 93:25–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romme, W.H., and D.G. Despain. 1989. Historical perspective on the Yellowstone fires of 1988. BioScience 39:695–699.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenzweig, M.L., and Z. Abramsky. 1993. How are diversity and productivity related? Pages 52–65 in R. Ricklefs and D. Schlüter, editors. Species diversity in ecological communities: historical and geographical perspectives. Chicago University Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saunders, D.A., R.J. Hobbs, and C.R. Margules. 1991. Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: a review. Conservation Biology 5:18–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scatena, F.N., S. Moya, C. Estrada, and J.D. Chinea. 1996. The first five years in the reorganization of aboveground biomass and nutrient use following Hurricane Hugo in the Bisley Experimental Watersheds, Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Biptropica 28:424–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, W. 1989. Plant dispersal by motor cars. Vegetation 80:147–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schullery, P. 1989. The fires and fire policy. BioScience 39:686–694.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, M.W., editor. 1997. Conservation in highly fragmented landscapes. Chapman & Hall, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sears, P.B. 1980. Deserts on the march. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sessions, J., G. Reeves, K.N. Johnson, and K. Burnett. 1997. Implementing spatial planning in watersheds. Pages 271–283 in K.A. Kohm and J.F. Franklin, editors. Creating a forestry of the 21st century. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharov, A.A., A.M. Liebhold, and E.A. Roberts. 1997. Correlation of counts of gypsy moths (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae) in pheromone traps with landscape characteristics. Forest Science 43:483–490.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soranno, P.A., S.L. Hubler, S.R. Carpenter, and R.C. Lathrop. 1996. Phosphorus loads to surface waters: a simple model to account for spatial pattern of land use. Ecological Applications 6:865–878.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soulé, J., and J. Piper. 1992. Farming in nature’s image. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sousa, W.P. 1984. The role of disturbance in natural communities. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 15:353–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Southern Appalachian Assessment. 1996. The Southern Appalachian assessment: summary report. USDA Forest Service. Washington, D.C., USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Southworth, F., V.H. Dale, and R.V. O’Neill. 1991. Contrasting patterns of land use in Rondônia, Brazil: simulating the effects on carbon release. International Social Sciences Journal 130:681–698.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparks, R.E. 1996. Ecosystem effects: positive and negative outcomes. Pages 132–162 in S.A. Changnon, editor. The great flood of 1993: causes, impacts, and responses. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparks, R.E., J.C. Nelson, and Y. Yin. 1998. Naturalization of the flood regime in regulated rivers. BioScience 48:706–720.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Temple, S.A. 1986. Predicting impacts of habitat fragmentation on forest birds: a comparison of two models. Pages 301–304 in J. Verner, M.L. Morrison, and C.J. Ralph, editors. Wildlife 2000: modeling habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terman, M.R. 1997. Natural links: naturalistic golf courses as wildlife habitat. Landscape and Urban Planning 38:183–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tilman, D. 1996. Biodiversity: population versus ecosystem stability. Ecology 77:350–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, B.L., II, W.C. Clark, R.W. Kates, J.F. Richards, J.T. Matthews, and W.B. Meyer, editors. 1990. The Earth as transformed by human action: global and regional changes in the biosphere over the past 300 years. Cambridge University Press, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M.G., editor. 1987. Landscape heterogeneity and disturbance. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M.G. 1989. Landscape ecology: the effect of pattern on process. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 20:171–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, B.L., II, R.H. Moss, and D.L. Skole. 1993. Relating land use and global land-cover change: a proposal for an IGBP-HDP core project. HDP Report No. 5, International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, Stockholm, Sweden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M.G., and V.H. Dale. 1998. What have we learned from large, infrequent disturbances? Ecosystems 1:493–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M.G., W.H. Hargrove, R.H. Gardner, and W.H. Romme. 1994. Effects of fire on landscape heterogeneity in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Journal of Vegetation Science 5:731–742.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M.G., R.H. Gardner, and R.V. O’Neill. 1995. Ecological dynamics at broad scales. BioScience 45(Supplement):S29–S35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M.G., D.N. Wear, and R.O. Flamm. 1996. Land ownership and land-cover change in the Southern Appalachian Highlands and the Olympic Peninsula. Ecological Applications 6:1150–1172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M.G., V.H. Dale, and E.E. Everham III. 1997a. Fires, hurricanes, and volcanoes: comparing large-scale disturbances. BioScience 47:758–768.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M.G., W.H. Romme, R.H. Gardner, and W.W. Hargrove. 1997b. Effects of patch size and fire pattern on early post-fire succession on the Yellowstone Plateau. Ecological Monographs 67:411–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Urban, D.L., R.V. O’Neill, and H.H. Shugart. 1987. Landscape ecology. BioScience 37:119–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valone, T.J., and J.H. Brown. 1995. Effects of competition, colonization, and extinction on rodent species diversity. Science 267:880–883.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vitousek, P.M., H.A. Mooney, J. Lubchenco, and J.M. Melillo. 1997. Human domination of Earth’s ecosystems. Science 277:494–504.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallin, D.O., F.J. Swanson, and B. Marks. 1994. Landscape pattern response to changes in pattern generation rules: land-use legacies in forestry. Ecological Applications 4:569–580.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warner, R.E. 1994. Agricultural land use and grassland habitat in Illinois: future shock for Midwestern birds? Conservation Biology 8:147–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watt, A.S. 1947. Pattern and process in the plant community. Journal of Ecology 35:1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wear, D.N., M.G. Turner, and R.O. Flamm. 1996. Ecosystem management with multiple owners: landscape dynamics in a Southern Appalachian watershed. Ecological Applications 6:1173–1188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weller, D.E., T.E. Jordan, and D.L. Correll. 1998. Heuristic models for material discharge from landscapes with riparian buffers. Ecological Applications 8:1156–1169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiens, J.A. 1996. Wildlife in patchy environments: metapopulations, mosaics, and management. Pages 53–84 in D.R. McCullough, editor. Metapopulations and wildlife conservation. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkie, D.S., and J.T. Finn. 1988. A spatial model of land use and forest regeneration in the Ituri Forest of northeastern Zaire. Ecological Modeling 41:307–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, C.J., R.S. Reid, N.L. Stanton, and B.D. Perry. 1997. Effects of land-use and tsetse fly control on bird species richness in southwestern Ethiopia. Conservation Biology 11:435–447.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yarie, J.K., L. Viereck, K. Van Cleve, and P. Adams. 1998. Flooding and ecosystem dynamics along the Tanana River. BioScience 48:690–695.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zobel, D.B., L.F. Roth, and G.H. Hawk. 1985. Ecology, pathology, and management of Port-Orford-cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana). General Technical Report PNW-184. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Portland, Oregon, USA.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dale, V.H. et al. (2001). Ecological Guidelines for Land Use and Management. In: Dale, V.H., Haeuber, R.A. (eds) Applying Ecological Principles to Land Management. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0099-1_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0099-1_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-95100-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0099-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics