Abstract
The responses of liquids and solids to applied forces depend on time through the existence of viscosity. At sufficiently short times, liquids behave elastically, having insufficient time to flow. That is, they behave as if they were solid. Conversely, solids behave elastically at short times, but they flow at sufficiently long times, depending on how much force is applied to them. That is, they behave as if they were liquid. Between the two extremes lies plastic matter. Inside a plastic solid are small tubes (cores of dislocation lines) within which sliding can occur. This sliding is resisted by liquid-like viscosity and by fluctuating internal forces which cause energy dissipation.
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Gilman, J.J. (2003). Responses of Condensed Matter to Impact. In: Horie, Y., Davison, L., Thadhani, N.N. (eds) High-Pressure Shock Compression of Solids VI. Shock Wave and High Pressure Phenomena. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0013-7_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0013-7_8
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