Skip to main content

Effects of DDT on reproduction in higher animals

  • Conference paper
Residue Reviews

Part of the book series: Residue Reviews ((RECT,volume 59))

Abstract

DDT, though used almost exclusively as an insecticide, is toxic in varying degrees to practically all animal life at some dosage and has even been accused of inhibiting photosynthesis in lower plants. Occasionally its toxicity in the environment has been observed in the form of reproductive failure, direct and indirect, and almost exclusively in birds and fish.

Contribution to Regional project W-45, “Residues of Pesticides and Related Chemicals in the Agricultural Environment—Their Nature, Distribution, Persistence, and Toxicological Implications.” Literature review completed in May 1973. University of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station #2106.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aleyeva, L. V., B. A. Galaka, A. P. Fedorenko, and L. S. Shevchenko: O vliyanii yadokhimikatov na razmnozheniye zaytsa-rusaka (Lepus europaeus Pallas). [On the effect of agricultural chemicals on reproduction of hares, Lepus europaeus Pallas.] Vestn. Zool. 6, 58 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, D. W., and J. J. Hickey: Eggshell changes in certain North American birds. Proc. XVth Internat. Ornithol. Congress (Ed. by K. H. Voous), p. 514 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous: DDT causes thin shells. Agr. Res. 18, 15 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • AnonymousDDT may kill pill effect. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 212, 1146 (1970a).

    Google Scholar 

  • AnonymousGovernment chemist allays fears. Nature 228, 103 (1970b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous Cntroversy continues over PCB’s. Chem. & Eng. News 13, 32 (1971). Anonymous DDT revisited. Calif. Health 29, 2 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anscorr, G. H.: Interaction of a nutritional and toxic stress with emphasis on lipid metabolism (avian studies). Ore. State Univ. Environ. Health Sci. Center. Ann. Prog. Rept. No. 144 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Balasubrumaniam, A.: Effect of certain organochlorines on reproduction in chickens and mallard ducks. Diss. Abstr. Int. 32, 5230-B (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernard, R. F., and R. A. Gaertner: Some effects of DDT on reproduction in mice. J. Mammalogy 45, 272 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beug, M. W.: Carbonic anhydrase: esterase activity, modification kinetics, and pesticide inhibition. Diss. Abstr. Int. 32, 4479-B (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bitman, J.: Hormonal and enzymatic activity of DDT. Agr. Sci. Rev. 4, 6 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • H. C. Cecil: Estrogenic activity of DDT analogs and polychlorinated biphenyls. J. Agr. Food Chem. 18, 1108 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H. C. Cecil, and S. J. Harkis: Estrogenic activity of o,p’-DDT in the mammalian uterus and avian oviduct. Science 162, 371 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • H. C. Cecil, and G. F. Fries: DDT-induced inhibition of avian shell gland carbonic anhydrase: A mechanism for thin eggshells. Science 168, 594 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • H. C. Cecil, Susan J. Harris, and G. F. Fries: Comparison of DDT effect on pento-barbital metabolism in rats and quail. J. Agr. Food Chem. 19, 333 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blus, L. J.: Measurements of brown pelican eggshells from Florida and South Carolina. BioScience 20, 867 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H. C. Cecil, R. G. Heath, C. D. Gish, A. A. Belisle, and R. M. Prouty: Eggshell thinning in the brown pelican: Implication of DDE. BioScience 21, 1213 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H. C. Cecil, R. G. Heath, C. D. Gish, A. A. Belisle, and R. M. Prouty, C. D. Gbh, A. A. Belisle, and R. M. Prouty: Logarithmic relationship of DDE residues to eggshell thinning. Nature 235, 376 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burlington, H., and V. F. Lindeman: Effect of DDT On testes and secondary characters of White Leghorn cockerels. Proc. Expt. Biol. Med. 74, 48 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cade, T. J., J. L. Lincer, and C. M. White: DDE residues and eggshell changes in Alaskan falcons and hawks. Science 172, 955 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, M. S., and L. C. Holcomb: The effect of DDT on reproduction in mice. Ohio J. Sci. 68, 19 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cecil, H. C., J. Bitman, and G. F. Fries: Effects of dietary DDT on egg production, eggshell quality and pesticide content in laying hens. 163rd Meet. Amer. Chem. Soc. Pest. Div., Boston, Apr. (1972a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cecil, H. C., J. Bitman, and G. F. Fries, and S. J. Harris: Estrogenicity of o,p’-DDT in rats. J. Agr. Food Chem. 19, 61 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cecil, H. C., J. Bitman, and G. F. Fries, G. F. Fries, J. Bitman, S. J. Harris, R. J. Lillie, and C. A. Denton: Dietary p,p’-DDT, o,p’-DDT, or p,p’-DDE and changes in egg shell characteristics and pesticide accumulation in egg contents and body fat of caged White Leghorns. Poultry Sci. 51, 130 (1972b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chadwick, R., R. Linko, J. Freal, and A. Robbins: The effect of age and long-term low-level DDT exposure on the response to enzyme induction in the rat. 12th Ann. Meeting Soc. Toxicol. Abs., New York, Mar. (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Conney, A. H., M. Jacobson, W. Levin, K. Schneidman, and R. Kuntzman: Decreased central depressant effect of progesterone and other steroids in rats pretreated with drugs and insecticides. J. Pharmacol. Expt. Ther. 154, 310 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conney, A. H., M. Jacobson, W. Levin, K. Schneidman, and R. Kuntzman, R. M. Welch, and R. Kunzzman: Effects of pesticides on drug and steroid metabolism. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 8, 2 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooke, A. S.: Uptake of DDT and DDE by the quail embryo and chicks. Pest. Sci. 2, 144 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Couch, J. R., C. N. Coon, and C. R. Creger: DDT metabolism of laying hens. Fed. Amer. Soc. Expt. Biol. Proc. 31, 726 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Davison, K. L., and J. L. Sell: Dieldrin and p,p’-DDT effects on egg production and eggshell thickness of chickens. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 7, 9 (1972a). Dieldrin and p,p’-DDT effects on some microsomal enzymes of livers of chickens and mallard ducks. J. Agr. Food Chem. 20, 1198 (1972b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Deichmann, W. B., and M. L. Keplinger: Effect of combinations of pesticides on reproduction of mice. Toxicol. Applied Pharmacol. 8, 337 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewitt, J. B.: Effects of chlorinated hydrocarbons upon quail and pheasants. J. Agr. Food Chem. 3, 672 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duby, R. T., H. F. Travis, and C. E. Terrill: Uterotropic activity of DDT in rats and mink and its influence on reproduction in the rat. Toxicol. Applied Pharmacol. 18, 348 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enns, T.: Carbonic anhydrase activity in human and bovine red cells as effected by DDT. Fed. Amer. Soc. Expt. Biol. Proc. 31, 819 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahim, M. S., J. Ishaq, D. G. Hall, and T. Jones: Induced alteration in the biologic activity of estrogen by DDT. Amer. J. Obst. Gynecol. 108, 1063 (1970a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R. Bennett, and D. G. Hall: Effect of DDT on the nursing neonate. Nature 228, 1222 (1970b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, A. L., H. H. Keasling, and F. W. Schueler: Estrogenic action of some DDT analogues. Proc. Soc. Expt. Biol. 81, 439 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzhugh, O. G., and A. A. Nelson: The chronic oral toxicity of DDT [2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane]. J. Pharmacol. Expt. Ther. 89, 18 (1947).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fouts, J. R.: Factors influencing the metabolism of drugs in liver microsomes. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 104, 875 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Genelly, R. E., and R. L. Run): Effects of DDT, toxaphene, and dieldrin on pheasant reproduction. Auk 73, 529 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, L. G., and J. R. Fouts: Effects of acute and chronic DDT administration on hepatic microsomal drug metabolism in the rat. Proc. Soc. Expt. Biol. Med. 114, 388 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, M. M., R. H. Adamson, and S. Fabro: Prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation induced by DDT in the rabbit. Arch. Intern. Pharmacodyn. 192, 286 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heath, R. G., J. W. Spann, and J. F. Krerzer: Marked DDE impairment of mallard reproduction in controlled studies. Nature 224, 47 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heath, R. G., J. W. Spann, and J. F. Krerzer, and C. Vance: Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on birds. Proc. XVth Internat. Ornithol. Congress, Leiden, p. 475 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinrichs, W. L., R. J. Gellert, J. L. Bakke, and N. L. Lawrence: DDT administered to neonatal rats induces persistent estrus syndrome. Science 173, 642 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hickey, J. J., and D. W. Anderson: Chlorinated hydrocarbons and eggshell changes in raptorial and fish-eating birds. Science 162, 271 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsia, T. C., E. Acevedo, and D. W. Henderson: p,p’-DDT: Effect on calcium metabolism and concentration of estradiol in the blood. Science 168, 592 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jefferies, D. J.: The delay in ovulation produced by p,p’-DDT and its possible significance in the field. Ibis 109, 266 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jefferies, D. J.: Induction of apparent hyperthyroidism in birds fed DDT. Nature 222, 578 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jefferies, D. J., Some sublethal effects of p,p’-DDT and its metabolite p,p’-DDE on breeding passerine birds. Meded. Fac. Landbouwwetensch. 36, 398 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jefferies, D. J., and M. C. French: Avian thyroid: Effect of p,p’-DDT on size and activity. Science 166, 1278 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, F. J. S., and D. D. B. Summers: Relation between DDT in diets of laying birds and viability of their eggs. Nature 217, 1162 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kenney, A. D., C. G. Dacke, D. J. Wagstaff, X. J. Musacchia, and W. A. Vol-’Mat: Effects of DDT on calcium metabolism in the Japanese quail. Fifth Proc. Univ. Mo. Ann. Conf. Trace Substances in Environ. Health. June 29–July 1, 1971, pp. 247–255 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Keplinger, M. L., W. B. Deichmann, and F. Sala: Effects of combinations of pesticides on reproduction in mice. Ind. Med. Surg. 37, 525 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Effects of combinations of pesticides on reproduction in mice. Pest. Symposia, 6th-7th Inter-Amer. Conf. Toxicol. & Occup. Med., Miami, Fla., p. 125 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lillie, R J, C. A. Denton, H. C. Cecil, J. Bitman, and G. F. Fries: Effect of p,p’-DDT, o,p’-DDT and p,p’-DDE on the reproductive performance of caged White Leghorns. Poultry Sci. 50, 1597 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Longcore, J. R., F. B. Samson, J. F. Kreitzer, and J. W. Spann: Changes in mineral composition of eggshells from black ducks and mallards fed DDE in the diet. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 6, 345 (1971a).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Longcore, J. R., F. B. Samson, J. F. Kreitzer, and J. W. Spann, and T. W. Whittendale, Jr.: DDE thins eggshells and lowers repro-ductive success of captive black ducks. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 6, 485 (1971b).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mclean, L. A.: DDT residues and Bermuda petrels. Science 161, 397 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nowickr, H. G., and A. W. Norman: Enhanced hepatic metabolism of testosterone, 4-androstene-3, 17-dione, and estradiol-17p in chickens pretreated with DDT or PCB. Steroids 19, 85 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowickr, H. G., and A. W. Norman, and R. G. Wong: Effects of dietary DDT and PCB on eggshell quality in the laying Japanese quail. 163rd Nat. Meeting Amer. Chem. Soc. Div. Pest. Chem., Boston (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Oestreicher, M. I., D. H. Shuman, and C. F. Wurster: DDE reduces medullary bone formation in birds. Nature 229, 571 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ottoboni, A.: Effect of DDT on reproduction in the rat. Toxicol. Applied Pharmacol. 14, 74 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peakall, D. B.: Pesticide-induced enzyme breakdown of steroids in birds. Nature 216, 505 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peakall, D. B.: DDT: Effect on calcium metabolism and concentration of estradiol in the blood. Science 168, 592 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pocker, Y., W. M. Beug, and V. R. Ainardi: Carbonic anhydrase interaction with DDT, DDE, and dieldrin. Science 174, 1336 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, R. D., and S. N. Wiemeyer: Dieldrin and DDT: Effects on sparrow hawk eggshells and reproduction. Science 165, 199 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Przezdziecki, Z.: Biochemical changes occurring in the internal organs of rats under the influence of pesticides. Roezniki Panstwowego Zakladu Hig. 20, 231 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ratcliffe, D. A.: Decrease in eggshell weight in certain birds of prey. Nature 215, 208 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ratcliffe, D. A.: Changes attributable to pesticides in egg breakage frequency and eggshell thickness in some British birds. J. Applied Ecol. 7, 67 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Risebrough, R. W., P. Rieche, and D. B. Peakall: Polychlorinated biphenyls in the global ecosystem. Nature 220, 1098 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roason, W. A., G. H. Arscott, and I. J. Tinsley: The effect of DDE on the performance of Coturnix coturnix japonica. Poultry Sci. 50, 1623 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sauter, E. A., and E. E. Steele: The effect of low level pesticide feeding on the fertility and hatchability of chicken eggs. Poultry Sci. 51, 71 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sell, J. L., K. L. Davison, and R. L. Puyear: Aniline hydroxylase, N-demethylase, and cytochrome Pou in liver microsomes of hens fed DDT and dieldrin. J. Agr. Food Chem. 19, 58 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sell, J. L., K. L. Davison, and R. L. Puyear, and K. B. Punnacha: Decreased aniline hydroxylase activity in Japanese quail due to dietary DDT. J. Agr. Food Chem. 20, 553 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Serine, L. A., and R. Schraer: Effect of DDT on avian carbonic anhydrase. Fed. Amer. Soc. Expt. Biol. Proc. 31, 726 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, C. F., N. P. Thompson, and J. T. Neilson: Effect of long-term feeding of DDT to turkeys. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 7, 277 (1972).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singhal, R. L., J. R. E. Valadares, and W. S. Schwark: Metabolic control mecha- nisms in mammalian systems—IX. Biochem. Pharmacol. 19, 2145 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M. T., J. A. Thomas, C. G. Smith, M. G. Mawhinney, and J. W. Lloyd: Effects of DDT on radioactive uptake from testosterone-l,2-’H by mouse prostate glands. Toxicol. Applied Pharmacol. 23, 159 (1972a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M. T., J. A. Thomas, C. G. Smith, M. G. Mawhinney, and J. W. Lloyd, and J. J. McphillipsLocalization of DDT-3H in male reproductive organs and its actions upon androgenic function. 11th Ann. Meeting Soc. Toxicol. Abs., Mar. (1972b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. I., C. W. Weber, and B. L. Rem: The effect of high levels of dietary DDT on egg production, mortality, fertility, hatchability and pesticide content of yolks in Japanese quail. Poultry Sci. 48, 1000 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. I., C. W. Weber, and B. L. Rem, The effect of injection of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides on hatchability of eggs. Toxicol. Applied Pharmacol. 16, 179 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solmssen, U. V.: Synthetic estrogens and the relation between their structure and their activity. Chem. Rev. 37, 481 (1945).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spiegel, P. A., and M. F. Cranmer: The influence of p,p’-DDE, a model liver microsomal enzyme stimulater, on p,p’-DDT toxicity in the bluegill Lepomis macrocheris (Rafinesque). 12th Ann. Meeting Soc. Toxicol. Abs. New York, Mar. 8–22 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stickel, L. F., and L. I. Rhodes: The thin eggshell problem. Symp. on biological impact of pesticides in environment. Environ. Health Sci. Ser. 1, 31 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tarjan, R., and T. Kemeny: Multigeneration studies on DDT in mice. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 7, 215 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tauber, O. E., and A. B. Hughes: Effect of DDT ingestion on total cholesterol content of ovaries of white rat. Proc. Soc. Expt. Biol. Med. 75, 420 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Treon, F. J., J. Boyd, F. Berryman, J. Bosney, L. Hartman, D. Brown, and J. Coomer: Final report on the effects on the reproductive capacity of three generations of rats being fed on diets containing aldrin, dieldrin or DDT. Kettering Lab, Univ. Cincinnati, Col. Med. (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, R. K., and H. A. Haegele: Eggshell thinning as influenced by method of DDT exposure. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 5, 191 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Velle, W.: Litt om hvordan egget blir til, og om pesticiders mnflytelse pa reproduksjonen hos fugl. [Egg formation and influence of pesticides on the reproduction of birds.] Tidsskr. Norske Laegeforen. 91, 2299 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ware, G. W., and E. E. Goon: Effects of insecticides on reproduction in the laboratory mouse II. Mirex, Telodrin, and DDT. Toxicol. Applied Pharmacol. 10, 54 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weihe, M.: Effects of DDT on reproduction in hens. Acta Pharmacol. et Toxicol. 25 (Suppl. 4), 54 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welch, R. M., W. Levin, and A. H. Conney: Insecticide inhibition and stimulation of steroid hydroxylases in rat liver. J. Pharmacol. Expt. Ther. 155, 167 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welch, R. M., W. Levin, and A. H. Conney: Estrogenic action of DDT and its analogs. Toxicol. Applied Pharmacol. 14, 358 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welch, R. M., W. Levin, and A. H. Conney, R. Kuntzman, M. Jacobson, and A. H. Conney: Effect of halogenated hydrocarbon insecticides on the metabolism and uterotropic action of estrogens in rats and mice. Toxicol. Applied Pharmacol. 19, 234 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiemeyer, S. N., and R. D. Porter: DDE thins eggshells of captive American kestrels. Nature 227, 737 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wrenn, T. R., J. R. Wood, G. F. Fries, and J. Bitman: Tests of estrogenicity in rats fed low levels of apt-DDT. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 5, 61 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wrenn, T. R., J. R. Wood, G. F. Fries, and J. Bitman, J. R. Weyant, G. F. Fries, and J. Bitman: Effect of several dietary levels of o,p’-DDT on reproduction and lactation in the rat. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 6, 471 (1971a).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wrenn, T. R., J. R. Wood, G. F. Fries, and J. Bitman, Influence of dietary o,p’-DDT on reproduction and lactation of ewes. J. Animal Sci. 33, 1288 (1971b)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1975 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Ware, G.W. (1975). Effects of DDT on reproduction in higher animals. In: Gunther, F.A., Gunther, J.D. (eds) Residue Reviews. Residue Reviews, vol 59. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-9863-2_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-9863-2_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9865-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-9863-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics