Skip to main content

Introduction to Chapters 27–29 Resuscitation of the Arrested Brain

  • Conference paper
Advances in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Abstract

Several groups’ efforts, including our own, led to modern respiratory resuscitation in the 1950s and circulatory resuscitation in the 1960s. These efforts included the development of effective, teachable, and potentially universally available methods for establishing arterial oxygen transport in the dying or clinically dead person. The target organ for resuscitation and critical care is the human brain with mentation. Thus, the logical third phase, brain resuscitation, has begun in the 1970s. Chapters 27 to 29 summarize brain resuscitation research by the Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine at the University Health Center of Pittsburgh (UHCP) between June 1970 and July 1976.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Safar P: Mechanisms of acute dying and its reversal. In Schwartz G (ed): Principles and Practice of Emerg Medicine. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1977, Chap 2

    Google Scholar 

  2. Safar P: Acute central nervous system failure. In Schwartz G (ed): Princ. and Practice of Emerg Med. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1977, Chap 5

    Google Scholar 

  3. Norris JR, et al: Anoxic brain damage after cardiac resuscitation. J Chronic Dis 24: 585, 1971

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bell JA, Hodgson JHF: Coma after cardiac arrest. Brain 97: 361, 1974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Schaffer WA, Cobb LA: Recurrent ventricular fibrillation and modes of death in survivors of out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med 293: 259, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bengtsson M, et al: A psychiatric-psychological investigation of patients who had survived circulatory arrest. Acta Psychiat Scand 45: 327, 1969

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Barber RE, et al: A prospective study in patients with irreversible brain damage. N Engl J Med 283: 1478, 1970

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Lucas BGB: Cerebral anoxia and neurologic sequelae after cardiac arrest. In Stephenson HE (ed): Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation, 4th ed. St. Louis, Mosby, 1974, pp 681–707

    Google Scholar 

  9. Johnson AL, et al: Results of cardiac resuscitation in 552 patients. Am J Cardiol 20: 831, 1967

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Lund I, Skulberg A: Resuscitation of cardiac arrest by doctor-manned ambulance service in Oslo. Proceedings of the National Conference on Standards for CPR and ECC, May 1973. Dallas, American Heart Association, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  11. Branson R, Casebeer K, Levine MD, et al: The Quinlan decision. Hastings Center Rep 6 /1: 8, 1976

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Safar P: Guidelines for humanizing resuscitation and intensive care. Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science Annual Meeting, Boston, February 18-24, 1976. JAMA 235: 2182, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  13. Safar P: International Symposium. Resuscitation: Controversial Aspects. Heidelberg, Springer- Verlag, 1963

    Google Scholar 

  14. Lund I, Lind B (eds): Aspects of resuscitation. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Emergency Resuscitation, Oslo, Norway, May 1967. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand (Suppl) 29:1, 1968

    Google Scholar 

  15. Beecher HK: A definition of irreversible coma. Report of the ad hoc committee of the Harvard Medical School to examine the definition of brain death. JAMA 205: 337, 1968

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Wecht CH: Determination of death. Bull Alle-gheny County Med Soc 58: 29, 1969

    Google Scholar 

  17. Grenvik A: Evaluation and management of brain dead patients. In Weil MH, Shubin H (eds): Critical Care Medicine Handbook. New York, Kolen, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  18. Loughhead M, Leon M, Snyder JV, et al: ICU patient categorization. Crit Care Med 4: 108, 1976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Negovskii VA: Reanimatology. The science of resuscitation. In Stephenson HE (ed): Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation, 4th ed. St. Louis, Mosby, 1974, Chap 1

    Google Scholar 

  20. Safar P: Brain homeostasis in critical care medicine. In Proceedings of the Annual Critical Care Medicine Symposia. Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Postgraduate Education, 1970 - 1975

    Google Scholar 

  21. Safar P, Kampschulte S: Some central nervous system considerations in resuscitation. In Advances in Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation/ Proceedings of the Third European Congress of Anaesthesiology, Prague, 1970, Vol. 2. Prague, Avicenum Czechoslovak Medical Press, 1972, pp 1343–1346

    Google Scholar 

  22. Safar P: Maintenance of brain homeostasis in critical care. In 1973 Annual Refresher Course Lectures, American Society of Anesthesiologists Annual Meeting, San Francisco, October 7–11, 1973. Section 217, pp 1–11. Chicago, Am Soc Anesthesiologists, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  23. Gurvitch AM: Determination of the depth and reversibility of postanoxic coma in animals. Resuscitation 3: 1, 1974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lind B, Snyder J, Kampschulte S, et al: A review of total brain ischaemia models in dogs and original experiments on clamping the aorta. Resuscitation 4: 19, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Safar P, Benson DM, Berkebile PE, et al: Teaching and organizing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In Safar P (ed): Public Health Aspects of Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesiology. Philadelphia, Davis, 1974, Chap 7

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kirimli B, Harris LC, Safar P: Sodium bicarbonate and epinephrine in cardiac resuscitation. Anesthesiology 25: 105, 1964

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Kampschulte S, Smith J, Safar P: Oxygen transport after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation, Vol 30. Berlin- Heidelberg-New York, Springer-Verlag, 1969, p 95

    Google Scholar 

  28. Kampschulte S, Morikawa S, Safar P: Recovery from anoxic encephalopathy following cardiac arrest. Fed Proc 28: 522, 1969

    Google Scholar 

  29. Kirimli B, Harris LC, Safar P: Evaluation of sodium bicarbonate and epinephrine in cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. Anesth Analg 48: 649, 1969

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Redding J, Voigt C, Safar P: Drowning treated with IPPB. J Appl Physiol 15: 849, 1960

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Redding J, Cozine R, Voigt G, et al: Resuscitation from drowning. JAMA 178: 1139, 1961

    Google Scholar 

  32. Kirimli B, Safar P: Arterial versus venous transfusion in cardiac arrest from exsanguination. Anesth Analg 44: 819, 1965

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Farmati O, Kampschulte S, Kirimli B, et al: Retinal observations in dying and resuscitation. Anesthesiology 29: 189, 1968

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Takaori M, Safar P: Treatment of massive hemorrhage with colloid and crystalloid solutions. JAMA 199: 297, 1967

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Snyder J, Lind B, Safar P: Cerebral variables following 15 minutes of circulatory arrest in dogs. Fed Proc 31: 666, 1972

    Google Scholar 

  36. Lind B, Snyder J, Safar P: Total brain ischaemia in dogs. Cerebral physiological and metabolic changes after 15 minutes of circulatory arrest. Resuscitation 4: 97, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Snyder JV, Nemoto EM, Carroll RG, et al: Global ischemia in dogs. Intracranial pressures, brain blood flow, and metabolism. Stroke 6: 21, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Bleyaert A, Morita H, Carroll R, et al: A method for total brain ischemia (TBI) without circulatory arrest in the Rhesus monkey. Physiologist 16: 267, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  39. Nemoto E, Bleyaert A, Stezoski W, et al: Postishemic encephalopathy (PIE). A long-term monkey model for therapy evaluation. Fed Proc 34: 384, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  40. Nemoto E, Bleyaert AL, Morita H, et al: Global brain ischemia. A simple, noninvasive method in the Rhesus monkey. In preparation

    Google Scholar 

  41. Nemoto EM, Bleyaert AL, Stezoski SW, et al: Global brain ischemia. A reproducible monkey model. Stroke, in press

    Google Scholar 

  42. Moossy J, Rao R, Nemoto EM, et al: Postishemic histopathologic brain changes in treated and untreated animals. Crit Care Med 4: 133, 1976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Bleyaert AL, Nemoto E, Stezoski SW, et al: Amelioration of post-ischemic encephalopathy by sodium thiopental after 16 minutes of global brain ischemia in monkeys. Physiologist 18: 145, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  44. Nemoto EM, Erdmann W, Strong E: Regional brain Po2 after 16 minutes of global cerebral ischemia in monkeys. Crit Care Med 4: 129, 1976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Bandaranayake NM, Nemoto E: Rat brain osmolality during ischemic anoxia. Physiologist 18: 128, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  46. Mickell JJ, Cook, DR, Reigel DH, et al: Intracranial pressure-monitoring in Reye-Johnson syndrome. Crit Care Med 4: 1, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Mickell JJ, Reigel DH, Cook DR, et al: Intracranial pressure monitoring and normalization therapy in children. Pediatrics 59: 606, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1977 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Safar, P. (1977). Introduction to Chapters 27–29 Resuscitation of the Arrested Brain. In: Safar, P., Elam, J.O. (eds) Advances in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-6338-8_27

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-6338-8_27

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-6340-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-6338-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics