Abstract
The alarm clock is one of the commonest of all warning systems. Despite its relative simplicity, however, it illustrates most of the sixteen basic principles involved in the operation of very much more complex networks. As in the case of any hazard, danger must first be recognized. That individuals often overslept was well known. The alarm clock was, therefore, invented to reduce the future probability of such mishaps. This mechanism was manufactured, tested, and widely advertised. Since there was general agreement that the danger of oversleeping existed, such clocks sold well.
In nature there are neither rewards nor punishments—there are consequences.
Lectures and Essays, 3rd Series R. G Ingersoll (1833–1879)
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Foster, H.D. (1980). Disaster Warning Systems. In: Disaster Planning. Springer Series on Environmental Management. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-6093-6_6
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